中国近代佛教入世途径及其现代启示

积极参与社会生活是中国近代佛教的重要特点.就具体途径而言,投身民族救亡、对治近代社会弊端、重建传统道德价值、关注人生问题、拯救百姓疾苦等是中国近代佛教的主要入世途径.分析中国近代佛教的入世途径,不仅有助于全面了解中国近代佛教的发展历程,而且对透视当代佛教的传播和发展也将大有裨益.     

B. F. Skinner: The Writer and His Definition of Verbal Behavior

Skinner's definition of verbal behavior, with its brief and refined versions, has recently become a point of controversy among behavior analysts. Some of the arguments presented in this controversy might be based on a misreading of Skinner's (1957a) writings. An examination of Skinner's correspondence with editors of scientific journals shows his sophisticated mastery of English and his knowledge of contemporary approaches of linguistics, and might help to settle the meaning of the passages involved in the controversy. A more precise definition of verbal behavior, deduced from Skinner's distinction between verbal and nonverbal operants, is suggested, and a possible reason why Skinner did not define verbal behavior in the terms proposed by this alternative definition is discussed. The alternative definition is more compatible with a functional approach to behavior and highlights what is specific to verbal behavior by pointing to the conventions of the verbal community. Some possible consequences of adopting this alternative definition are described.     

Historicism,Entrenchment, and Conventionalism

W. V. Quine famously argues that though all knowledge is empirical, mathematics is entrenched relative to physics and the special sciences. Further, entrenchment accounts for the necessity of mathematics relative to these other disciplines. Michael Friedman challenges Quine’s view by appealing to historicism, the thesis that the nature of science is illuminated by taking into account its historical development. Friedman argues on historicist grounds that mathematical claims serve as principles constitutive of languages within which empirical claims in physics and the special sciences can be formulated and tested, where these mathematical claims are themselves not empirical but conventional. For Friedman, their conventional, constitutive status accounts for the necessity of mathematics relative to these other disciplines. Here I evaluate Friedman’s challenge to Quine and Quine’s likely response. I then show that though we have reason to find Friedman’s challenge successful, his positive project requires further development before we can endorse it.     

胡塞尔现象学的历史主义批判及其启示

该文从胡塞尔在《哲学作为严格的科学》中对历史主义的批判入手,继而分析他在《欧洲科学的危机与超越论的现象学》中对历史主义问题的阐述,最后对胡塞尔的历史哲学观点及其对我们的启示进行简单的总结。     

后库恩时代的科学实在论——超越结构主义和历史主义

在当代理论物理学发展及其相关解释和编史工作的激励下,我们提出了一种结构主义的且具有历史构成性和建构性的科学实在论研究进路(SHASR),以回应托马斯·库恩对科学实在论的挑战,并消除结构主义者在对付这些挑战时所提出的盛行一时却难令人满意的反应。SHASR充分发挥了库恩的历史主义及其批评者结构主义的洞见,同时又避免了落入这两种传统的陷阱。比较SHASR与迈克尔·弗里德曼等人提倡、捍卫并日益流行的新康德主义式后库恩科学哲学,可以展现一幅关于科学—世界关系的宏观图景,这幅图景源自SHASR框架内被概念化的涌现观念,它所牵涉的关乎现象—本体关系的康德式问题值得进一步探讨。     

霍布斯鲍姆人生经历与马克思主义史学观研究

马克思主义史学家霍布斯鲍姆为我们提供了一个认识马克思主义史学家的人生经历对其信仰发生影响的标本.他是一名坚定的共产党员、一位亲身经历了20世纪历史的人.霍布斯鲍姆笔下的20世纪历史就是在保存他生活经历和对世事洞察的记忆.马克思主义是霍布斯鲍姆认识20世纪历史的方法.个人的经历直接对霍布斯鲍姆的马克思主义史学观形成产生了重要影响.     

Dr. Matataro Matsumoto: His career and achievements

Dr. M. Matsumoto (1865–1943) is the most eminent figure in the history of psychology in Japan. Before the close of the last century, he acquired the scientific methods and technics of experimental psychology in America and Germany and introduced all of them into Japanese universities. Establishing psychological laboratories in both Tokyo and Kyoto, he trained many famous psychologists. He advocated ‘Psychocynematics’ as early as 1910. Together with his followers he applied psychology to every aspect of our daily life. He organized the Japanese Psychological Association and several periodicals were started under his leadership. He also made some important artistic contributions to the fields of picture and caligraphy.     

W. I. Thomas and social reform: His work and writings

W. I. Thomas was a major figure in the founding of sociology, especially symbolic interactionism. His concern with and commitment to social reform, however, is rarely recognized. This neglected aspect of his thought and activities is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of his writings and status in the profession. Examination of this facet of his work also illuminates some of the important contributions made by women to the development of his thought and career.