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通道转换是使内隐和外显记忆任务之间产生功能性分离经常操纵的典型变量之一,被看作是内隐记忆主要依赖刺激知觉住处加工的有利语气。该文回顾了近些年通道效应实验和理论研究的有关文献。对产生通道效应的认知机制和神经解剖基础进行了总结和分析,并提出了有待于进一步验证的问题。 相似文献
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人们学习将感知到的客体按照不同的标准或规则分类存储,即类别学习。而工作记忆作为多种认知加工的基础,对类别学习具有重要作用。基于已有研究,分别梳理了言语工作记忆和视空工作记忆对基于规则和信息整合类别结构的影响。目前,执行功能是否影响内隐类别学习系统、工作记忆负荷对内隐外显类别学习系统的影响是否一致还存在争议。此外,工作记忆影响知觉类别学习的认知加工阶段尚不清晰。未来的研究还需明确工作记忆负荷对内隐和外显类别学习的影响,进一步验证工作记忆影响类别学习的认知加工阶段假设的合理性。 相似文献
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主要介绍了关于运动的朴素理论中儿童具有的两类知识系统,一是儿童在日常运动中能够描述出来的朴素信念即外显的概念知识,另一是儿童和运动的物体发生相互作用时所具有的知识即内隐的知识,并进一步阐述了内隐知觉知识和外显概念知识之间具有不可渗透性,内隐运动知识和外显概念知识存在着分离,内隐运动知识可以通过运动表象的方式转化为外显概念知识。提出了有待进一步探讨的问题:错误信念是否具有任务特殊性,内隐知觉知识和内隐运动知识之间关系等 相似文献
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视知觉组织及其神经机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
物理世界通过光信号在我们的视网膜上反映为亮度和颜色的色块集合 ,但是大脑知觉到的却是排列有序的由分离的物体组成的视觉世界 ,其中各种不同的物体占据不同的位置 ,存在相互作用或相对运动。在知觉加工过程中 ,视觉系统必须首先把视觉输入组织成不同的部分以形成视觉加工的基本单元[1,2 ] ,心理学家把这一加工过程称为视知觉组织。视知觉组织是大脑进行图像识别、注意分配及记忆存储等高级加工过程的基础。因此 ,理解视知觉组织的认知和神经机制成为研究大脑认知功能的核心问题之一。本文介绍视知觉组织的基本问题和规律 ,特别是新近关于… 相似文献
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关于服刑人员的内隐攻击性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
本研究采用IAT测验探讨服刑人员外显和内隐攻击性。研究发现:服刑人员存在着内隐攻击性,且无性别差异;回归分析表明,在控制外显攻击性后,IAT测量的内隐攻击性与服刑人员刑期相关显著。研究并对内隐攻击性和外显攻击性作为独立心理结构的可能理论基础及其相应神经机制作了探讨。 相似文献
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研究探讨了外显自尊和内隐自尊及其分离对建议采纳的影响。研究1通过测量的方式来探讨外显自尊、内隐自尊以及自尊分离对建议采纳的影响; 研究2通过启动高内隐自尊, 进一步验证自尊分离对建议采纳的影响; 研究3通过加入自我概念清晰性的测量, 考察自我概念清晰性是否中介了自尊分离对建议采纳的关系。运用回归分析、Bootstrap等方法对数据进行处理, 结果显示, 外显自尊与建议采纳成负相关, 内隐自尊与建议采纳的相关不显著; 自尊分离时, 建议采纳程度越高, 这种现象在低外显/高内隐的自尊种类下更显著; 而自我概念清晰性部分中介了自尊分离对建议采纳的影响。 相似文献
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当前的一些理论观点认为,内隐记忆和外显记忆依赖于两种不同的记忆系统,它们与大脑的不同区域相联系。该文通过回顾以往相关研究,从神经心理学及神经成像两方面对两种记忆系统的分离现象进行概述:在神经心理学领域发现的证据表明内隐记忆在神经解剖上与外显记忆是分离的;使用fMRI和PET技术,研究者观察到与内隐记忆有关的枕颞区及左下前额区中衰减的神经活动,以及与外显记忆有关的内侧颞区、前额皮层和后内侧顶皮层中增强的活动;使用ERP技术,研究也发现了两种记忆神经系统在时空上的不同特征 相似文献
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The sense of agency refers to the feeling of authorship that “I am the one who is controlling external events through my own action”. A distinction between explicit judgement of agency and implicit feeling of agency has been proposed theoretically. However, there has not been sufficient experimental evidence to support this distinction. We have assessed separate explicit and implicit agency measures in the same population and investigated their relationships. Intentional binding task was employed as an implicit measure and self-other attribution task as an explicit measure, which are known to reflect clinical symptoms of disorders in the sense of agency. The results of the implicit measure and explicit measure were not correlated, suggesting dissociation of the explicit judgement of agency and the implicit feeling of agency. 相似文献
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The failure of inhibition hypothesis posits a theoretical distinction between implicit and explicit access in deep dyslexia. Specifically, the effects of failure of inhibition are assumed only in conditions that have an explicit selection requirement in the context of production (i.e., aloud reading). In contrast, the failure of inhibition hypothesis proposes that implicit processing and explicit access to semantic information without production demands are intact in deep dyslexia. Evidence for intact implicit and explicit access requires that performance in deep dyslexia parallels that observed in neurologically intact participants on tasks based on implicit and explicit processes. In other words, deep dyslexics should produce normal effects in conditions with implicit task demands (i.e., lexical decision) and on tasks based on explicit access without production (i.e., forced choice semantic decisions) because failure of inhibition does not impact the availability of lexical information, only explicit retrieval in the context of production. This research examined the distinction between implicit and explicit processes in deep dyslexia using semantic blocking in lexical decision and forced choice semantic decisions as a test for the failure of inhibition hypothesis. The results of the semantic blocking paradigm support the distinction between implicit and explicit processing and provide evidence for failure of inhibition as an explanation for semantic errors in deep dyslexia. 相似文献
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A small number of studies have reported impaired explicit memory and intact implicit memory performance in participants classified as depressed. In the present study we examined this finding taking account of the distinction between datadriven and conceptually driven processing. The performance of participants diagnosed with depression was examined on implicit and explicit memory tasks which were designed to tap either predominantly perceptual or conceptual processes. Depressed participants demonstrated performance deficits on both the implicit and explicit conceptual tasks (category association and free recall, respectively) but showed intact performance in the implicit perceptual task (word-fragment completion). These results suggest that people with severe depression show deficits in conceptual processing and that this deficit occurs under both explicit and implicit task instructions. 相似文献
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内隐记忆和外显记忆的脑机制分离:面孔再认的ERP研究 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
该研究采用“学习-再认”实验范式探讨面孔领域的内隐记忆与外显记忆之间的关系。学习阶段采用选择性注意任务,让被试加工面孔上的字来控制对面孔的加工水平,再认阶段采用新旧判断,分析再认出旧面孔与新面孔(外显记忆),以及未再认旧面孔与新面孔(内隐记忆)的ERPs差异。结果表明,在单一的再认过程中,外显记忆和内隐记忆的脑机制产生了分离,外显记忆从刺激后400ms开始,主要表现在前额区和额区,而内隐记忆主要表现在刺激后300~500ms的中央区和顶区。该结果与以往在词领域研究中得到的结果极为类似,表明两种记忆类型在各个刺激领域之间存在着共同性 相似文献
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Beatrice Beebe Ph.D. Steven Knoblauch Ph.D. Judith Rustin M.S.W. Dorienne Sorter Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(6):743-775
Our goal in this series of four papers is a further refinement of a theory of interaction for psychoanalysis, with a specific focus on the concept of intersubjectivity. Psychoanalysis has addressed the concept of intersubjectivity primarily in the verbal/explicit mode. In contrast, infant research has addressed the concept of intersubjectivity in the nonverbal/implicit mode of action sequences, or procedural knowledge. We propose that an integration of explicit/linguistic with implicit/nonverbal theories of intersubjectivity is essential to a deeper understanding of therapeutic action in psychoanalysis today. To shed light on an implicit/nonverbal dimension of intersubjectivity in psychoanalysis, we include concepts from adult psychoanalysis, infant research, developmental systems theories, and nonverbal communication, particularly the distinction between implicit processing out of awareness and explicit processing at the declarative/verbal level. We conclude with an adult psychoanalytic case illustrating the integration of implicit/nonverbal forms of intersubjectivity into adult treatment. 相似文献
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Intuition: a social cognitive neuroscience approach 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Lieberman MD 《Psychological bulletin》2000,126(1):109-137
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内隐印象更新表现出比外显印象更新更难、自动化或无意识发生和形成越快更新越快的特点。新近研究发现,相对简单的信息就能导致内隐印象的改变,其中,信息诊断性发挥了关键作用,新信息的强度、可信度、重新解释和归因以及预期刻板信息的一致性均是内隐印象更新的重要发生条件。社会认知维度和效价等因素、动机因素和不同的情绪情感等也对内隐印象更新有影响。进一步揭示内隐与外显印象更新差异的加工机制,探究不同信息要素的作用及印象更新的前因与后效,采用多样化的内隐范式及认知神经科学技术提供更多证据,加强本土化和跨文化比较研究将成为未来研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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The distinction between implicit (non-conscious) and explicit (conscious) knowledge made by cognitive scientists is applied to the psychoanalytic idea of repressed contents. The consequences of repression are suggested to have been caused by implicit representations. Repressed memories can also be treated in terms of explicit representations, which are prevented from becoming activated. Implicit knowledge cannot, however, be made conscious, and thus the idea of becoming conscious of the repressed desires and fears that have never been conscious is contradictory. This tension may be relieved by reconceptualising the idea of becoming conscious of the repressed. It is suggested that this could be seen as creating explicit knowledge about the effects of implicit representations. By applying the implicit/explicit knowledge distinction, psychoanalytic ideas concerning the repressed could be connected to current views in the domain of cognitive orientation. 相似文献
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Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: an integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
A central theme in recent research on attitudes is the distinction between deliberate, "explicit" attitudes and automatic, "implicit" attitudes. The present article provides an integrative review of the available evidence on implicit and explicit attitude change that is guided by a distinction between associative and propositional processes. Whereas associative processes are characterized by mere activation independent of subjective truth or falsity, propositional reasoning is concerned with the validation of evaluations and beliefs. The proposed associative-propositional evaluation (APE) model makes specific assumptions about the mutual interplay of the 2 processes, implying several mechanisms that lead to symmetric or asymmetric changes in implicit and explicit attitudes. The model integrates a broad range of empirical evidence and implies several new predictions for implicit and explicit attitude change. 相似文献