环境的"法治"与"德治"

本文的第一部分概述了面对严峻的环境形势,我们必须动用看得见的法治(制)手段,纠正由"市场失灵"导致的环境问题,但这种强制性的"他律"亦有其缺陷;第二部分论证了环境问题为什么同时又是一个道德问题,以及环境道德的评价和绩效;第三部分强调只有配合以道德"自律",德法兼备,才能进行卓有成效的环境治理.     

Staff and Boarders Perspectives of the Boarding Environment

This research provides support for a direct comparison between the home and boarding environments, the inference being that boarding staff who fulfil an in loco parentis role have an integral part to play in the developmental outcomes of adolescents (boarders). Research in the area of family functioning has found that adolescents tend to view the family environment more negatively than their parents and that these discrepant perceptions have been linked to both internalising and externalising disorders in adolescents. In an attempt to further clarify the influence of the parenting role of boarding staff and of the boarding environment in general, 121 staff and 415 boarders from schools in Queensland, Australia, were asked to rate the boarding environment on levels of conflict, social support and climate. It was found that boarders, like adolescents in the home environment, perceived significantly higher levels of conflict and lower levels of social support and positive climate than did staff. These findings lend further support to the conceptualisation of the boarding environment as a home away from home. The implications of these findings for boarders’ developmental outcomes are discussed.     

Competing Perspectives on Legal Decision Making in Early Modern Ashkenaz

The respective roles of jurists and judges in the decision-making process offers a valuable perspective on judicial practice and the delivery of justice in early modern Ashkenazic communities. This essay is concerned with differences in the approaches of poseqim (jurists) and dayanim (judges); it suggests that these distinctions were reflections of the institutional settings in which they worked, the size of their communities, and regional factors. Data unearthed from communal records and rabbinic responsa offer important evidence of disparities between the offices of early modern dayanim and poseqim, their distinct personae, and their respective views of how judicial rulings are decided. Moreover, these differences were related to the slow transition to fixed rabbinic-communal courts in western and central Europe that was a product of forces peculiar to the resettlement of Jews in the west, the deliberate development of communal traditions, and the role of the enlightened absolutist state. The impact of the growing recourse to non-Jewish courts, especially as it evinced differences between eastern and western/central European history and culture, was also a factor. Clearly, regional forces influenced the distinct legal efforts and perspectives of judges and jurists, as did the discrete functions they were assigned, their particular training, and the institutional standing of rabbinic courts. These differences became more glaring in the two centuries prior to the collapse of the ancien régime, as structural changes in western Ashkenazic communities contributed to a new Jewish legal culture.     

研究环境伦理学的基本视角

美国的环境伦理学首倡于 2 0世纪 70年代。其契机是Ｐ .欣伽 (Ｐ .Ｓｉｎｇｅｒ)的“动物解放论”( 1 972年 )、Ｃ .Ｄ .斯通 (Ｃ .Ｄ .Ｓｔｏｎｅ)的自然物“法的权利论”( 1 972年 )、挪威哲学家阿尔奈·内斯 (Ａ .Ｎａｅｓｓ)的深层生态学 ( 1 973年 )。这些理论促成了美国非人类中心主义环境伦理学的潮流。早在 2 0世纪 80年代 ,日本一些大学的纪要和日本自然保护协会机关报就开始介绍美国的环境伦理学。在政治领域 ,由已故的竹下登总理在 1 989年召集的有关环境问题国际会议也提出要建立环境伦理学的主张。但是 ,日本开始关注环境伦理…     

Future Perspectives on Employee Selection: Key Directions for Future Research and Practice

Les recherches sur la sélection et l'évaluation sont abordées d'un point de vue tourné vers l'avenir. On recense quatre grand thèmes d'importance majeure dans le développement des futures recherches: la prédiction bimodale, l'adaptation polyvalente, les réactions et décisions pertinentes et les tensions entre la recherche et la pratique dans la sélection professionnelle. Pour chacun de ces thèmes, nous soulevons certains problèmes qui restent à traiter. On discute enfin des conséquences sur la patique et les avancées actuelles dans le domaine de la sélection, traditionnellement l'une des plus actives des disciplines centrales de la psychologie internationales du travail.
A future-oriented perspective for selection and assessment research is presented. Four superordinate themes of critical import to the development of future research are identified: (i) bimodal prediction, (ii) multilevel fit, (iii) applicant reactions and decision making, and (iv) tensions between research and practice in employee selection. Under each theme we pose a number of outstanding questions for research. Implications for practice and the ongoing advancement of the sub-field of selection, traditionally one of the most robust core disciplines in international IWO psychology, are discussed.     

Rhetoric and Dialectic: Some Historical and Legal Perspectives

The thesis is defended that rhetoric is not, as is often said, a discipline which is hierarchically subordinate to dialectic. It is argued that the modalities of the links between rhetoric and dialectic must be seen in a somewhat different light: rhetoric and dialectic should be viewed as two complementary disciplines. On the basis of a historical survey of the views of various authors on the links between rhetoric and dialectic, it is concluded that efforts to establish clear boundaries or unequivocal conceptual or moral hierarchical relationships between the two disciplines have failed and that therefore, they must be conceived as being mutually dependent.     

International Migration and Religious Selection

Migrants are selected by several characteristics (age, education, skill, health, and family migration experience). Often less examined is religious selection. Using Guatemalan data, this research note tests whether religious affiliation is significantly associated with migration to the United States, net of other competing factors. Results are robust, demonstrating that Protestants are more likely than other religious groups to migrate. Additionally, mediating factors (social networks, cultural norms, and ideological links) are tested to identify social mechanisms behind the Protestant effect. The research note concludes with implications of religious selection and how religious selection can be further examined in migration and religion studies.