威权领导对员工沉默行为的影响:一个有调节的中介效应模型

采用249对领导与员工的配对数据,考察了威权领导对员工沉默行为的影响,以及情感信任的中介作用和权力距离的调节效应。结果表明：（1）威权领导对员工沉默行为有正向影响;（2）员工对上司的情感信任在威权领导与沉默行为之间起完全中介作用;（3）员工权力距离导向对威权领导与情感信任之间关系具有调节作用,权力距离导向越高,威权领导对情感信任的影响越低;（4）进一步地,权力距离导向还调节着情感信任对威权领导与沉默行为的中介效应,即存在有调节的中介效应。     

组织心理所有权的前因与后果：基于“人-境互动”的视角

采用问卷调查法, 以广东地区电信企业的216名员工为研究对象, 考察了组织心理所有权的影响因素与影响效果。研究结果表明：(1)威权领导与员工的组织心理所有权呈显著负相关, 并且对员工集体主义倾向与其组织心理所有权之间的关系具有显著的调节作用：在领导者高威权作风的情况下, 集体主义倾向与组织心理所有权之间并无显著相关性; 在领导者低威权作风的情况下, 集体主义倾向与组织心理所有权之间存在显著正相关。(2)上下级关系显著调节员工的组织心理所有权与其沉默行为之间的关系。当上下级关系较强时, 组织心理所有权与沉默行为之间存在显著负相关; 当上下级关系较弱时, 组织心理所有权与沉默行为之间并无显著相关性。     

下属越轨创新对主管阻抑的影响——地位威胁感和权威主义取向的作用

主管阻抑作为一种相对隐蔽的负性领导行为,会潜移默化地削弱下属的绩效表现。有鉴于此,探索主管阻抑的发生机制,能够帮助我们更好地预防主管阻抑。本研究基于125份两时间点的上下级配对数据,探讨了下属越轨创新对主管阻抑的影响机理。结果表明:下属越轨创新会诱发主管阻抑,主管的地位威胁感在此过程中起部分中介作用;此外,主管权威主义取向对下属越轨创新与地位威胁感之间的正向关系具有显著的强化效应。     

自我牺牲型领导能促进员工的前瞻行为吗?——责任感知的中介效应及其边界条件

采用309份上司–下属配对数据,探讨了自我牺牲型领导对员工前瞻行为的影响,尤其是考察了责任感知的中介作用以及前瞻行为效能感和模糊容忍度的调节作用。结果发现:(1)自我牺牲型领导对员工前瞻行为存在显著的正向影响;(2)在自我牺牲型领导影响员工前瞻行为的过程中,责任感知的单纯中介效应不显著,而是与前瞻行为效能感或模糊容忍度构成被调节的中介效应。当员工的前瞻行为效能感或模糊容忍度较高时,责任感知的中介效应均显著;当员工的前瞻行为效能感或模糊容忍度较低时,责任感知的中介效应则均不显著。     

龙生龙,凤生凤？领导创新性工作表现对下属创造力的影响

根据社会认知理论,探讨组织情景中领导者创新性工作表现对下属创造力的影响,将领导成员交换关系和威权型领导作为情景因素,来探索它们的交互效应对下属创造力的影响。本研究采用问卷法,选取领导-下属配对数据,通过两个子研究来验证假设。研究结果显示：(1)领导创新性工作表现与下属创造力存在积极的正相关关系,创新的内在动机在其中起着中介作用;(2)威权型领导能够有效地调节这种关系;(3)领导创新性工作表现、领导成员交换关系和威权型领导对下属创造力存在三重的交互作用。最后,文章讨论了研究的局限与启示,并指出未来可能的研究方向。     

自我牺牲型领导对下属工作绩效的影响机制——战略定向与领导认同的中介作用

本研究采用领导—下属配对问卷调查方法,从认知观与关系观视角检验自我牺牲型领导影响下属任务绩效与组织公民行为的中介机制,具体包括战略定向与领导认同的中介作用。结果表明,自我牺牲型领导与下属的任务绩效与组织公民行为正向关系显著;战略定向在自我牺牲型领导与下属的任务绩效以及自我牺牲型领导与下属的组织公民行为中起着部分中介作用;领导认同在自我牺牲型领导与下属的任务绩效之间起着完全中介作用;而领导认同在自我牺牲型领导与下属的组织公民行为间起着部分中介作用。     

服务型领导对员工建言行为的影响:领导-成员交换和学习目标取向的作用

通过对191名员工及其领导的配对问卷调查,探讨了服务型领导对员工建言行为的作用机制。结果发现:(1)服务型领导对员工建言行为有积极影响;(2)服务型领导通过领导-成员交换的中介效应影响员工建言行为;(3)员工的学习目标取向对领导-成员交换与建言行为之间的关系具有调节效应,即员工的学习目标取向越强,领导-成员交换对建言行为的影响越大;(4)学习目标取向调节了领导-成员交换对服务型领导-建言行为的中介作用。     

仁慈领导对员工亲环境行为的影响：上下属关系与权力距离的作用

旨在基于社会交换理论考察仁慈领导是否能够促进工作场所中的员工亲环境行为,以及上下属关系和员工权力距离导向在该影响过程中的作用机制。采用“领导-员工对偶”问卷调查法,通过对244名企业员工及其直接上司的调查,结果发现：仁慈领导对员工亲环境行为具有显著的正向预测作用;上下属关系在仁慈领导与亲环境行为之间起完全中介作用;员工权力距离导向对仁慈领导与上下属关系之间的关系存在显著的调节效应;具体而言,当下属权力距离感较弱时,仁慈领导对上下属关系的激发作用越强,反之亦然。     

绿色变革型领导对团队绿色行为的影响： 基于社会认知视角的本土探索

随着环境问题日益严峻,如何鼓励和引导组织中的绿色行为已逐渐成为领导者的使命。本研究检验了绿色变革型领导对团队绿色行为的影响,并从社会认知的视角探索团队绿色自我效能的中介作用和集体主义气氛的调节作用。对104份团队数据进行回归分析,结果发现：绿色变革型领导与团队绿色行为呈正相关,团队绿色自我效能在上述过程中起着部分中介作用;集体主义气氛正向调节了团队绿色自我效能与团队绿色行为的直接关系,以及绿色变革型领导与团队绿色行为之间经由团队绿色自我效能的间接效应。本研究的结果能为如何管理团队绿色行为提供启发。     

道德型领导者得到了什么？道德型领导、团队平均领导-部属交换及领导者收益

道德型领导是新近提出的一种领导理论,大量研究证实这种领导方式会对员工和组织带来积极影响。然而,在领导过程中处于主体地位的领导者从中获得了什么收益却较少受到关注。以50个工作团队的248名员工为研究对象,本研究基于社会交换理论考察了道德型领导与个体层次和团队层次上领导者收益的关系及其作用过程。跨层次分析结果表明：(1)道德型领导对个体层次的员工对领导的认知信任和情感信任,以及团队层次的团队绩效和领导者绩效均有显著正向作用;(2)团队平均领导-部属交换中介了道德型领导与下属对领导者的认知信任、情感信任以及团队绩效的关系,但在道德型领导与领导者绩效关系间无显著中介作用。本文揭示了道德型领导者在领导过程中获得的“收益”以及团队层次社会交换的中介作用,为道德型领导和团队社会交换的研究提供了启示。     

授权赋能领导行为与组织公民行为:员工的领导认同感和组织心理所有权的作用

认同感和控制感出发,研究授权赋能领导行为对员工组织公民行为的作用机制和边界条件。通过问卷调查,搜集了162名主管及其460名直接下属的数据。研究结果表明,授权赋能领导行为对员工对主管的领导认同感有积极影响作用;领导认同感在授权赋能领导行为与员工组织公民行为之间起到中介作用;员工对组织的心理所有权对领导认同感的中介效应起到调节作用。     

Does paternalistic leadership promote innovative behavior? The interaction between authoritarianism and benevolence

We theorize about the separate and interactive effects of the two primary elements of paternalistic leadership: authoritarianism and benevolence. Accordingly, we test a mediating mechanism through which these components of paternalistic leadership stimulate employee innovative and knowledge‐sharing behaviors. A multi‐source and multi‐level study involving 302 employee‐supervisor‐peer triads in 60 Chinese technology‐based organizations supported the association between the interaction of benevolent and authoritarian leadership and employee affective trust, innovative behavior, and knowledge sharing. Moreover, affective trust mediated the interaction of benevolence and authoritarianism on employee innovative behavior and knowledge sharing. We suggest that, the two constructs underlying paternalistic leadership might promote employee breakthrough behaviors across cultures. That is, their demanding and yet selfless stance turns authoritarian‐benevolent leaders into prototypes of the followers' aspirational social identity.     

The roles of relational identification and workgroup cultural values in linking authoritarian leadership to employee performance

We developed and tested a moderated mediation model of the relationship between authoritarian leadership and desirable employee performance (i.e., job performance and organization-directed citizenship behaviour, OCBO). Analyses of multilevel, multisource and data from 53 supervisors and 215 subordinates showed that relational identification mediated the time-lagged relationship between authoritarian leadership and job performance and OCBO. Authoritarian leadership has a weaker negative relationship with relational identification when group traditionality is relatively high, and this moderated relationship produces a stronger indirect relationship between authoritarian leadership and job performance and OCBO. These findings extend our understanding of the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employee performance outcomes and suggest ways organizations may seek to mitigate the extent to which authoritarian leadership hampers employees’ contributions.     

Why do Managers Engage in Trustworthy Behavior? A Multilevel Cross‐Cultural Study in 18 Countries

Drawing on theories of generalized exchange and the norm of indirect reciprocity, we conceptualize subordinates’ organizational citizenship behavior directed toward the organization (OCBO) and directed toward peers (OCBI) as antecedents of managerial trustworthy behavior and examine how managers’ affective trust in subordinates mediates this relationship. We also investigate the extent to which this mediation is moderated by the level of collectivism in a society. Data were collected from 741 managers and 2,111 subordinates in 18 countries representing all major cultural regions of the world. We find support for our hypothesized moderated mediation in that managers’ affective trust in subordinates mediates the relationships between both subordinates’ OCBO and managerial trustworthy behavior, and subordinates’ OCBI and managerial trustworthy behavior across the different countries studied. Further, managers’ affective trust in subordinates only mediates the relationships between both types of citizenship behavior and managerial trustworthy behavior when collectivism is low to medium but not when it is high. Implications for research on cross‐cultural psychology, trust, and organizational citizenship behavior are discussed.     

Authoritarian–benevolent Leadership and its Effect on Graduate Student Creativity: The Mediating Role of Intrinsic Motivation

Despite numerous studies demonstrating that authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership exert incompatible influence on an individual’s creativity, the combined effects of authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership on an individual’s creativity and the related mechanisms have yet to be explained. This study tests a model that considers the combined effects of authoritarian and benevolent leadership on graduate student creativity in the universities in China, while also examining the mediating role of the intrinsic motivation of graduate students. Multisource data were collected from 297 graduate students in 60 university scientific research teams in China. The results show that when authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership are in congruence, the intrinsic motivation of graduate students and their creativity increase as supervisor authoritarianism and benevolence increases. When authoritarian leadership and benevolent leadership are in discrepancy, the intrinsic motivation of graduate students is higher when low supervisor authoritarianism is combined with high benevolence; however, the findings also show that low authoritarian leadership combined with high benevolent leadership would not increase graduate student creativity. The relationship between authoritarian–benevolent leadership and graduate student creativity is partially mediated by intrinsic motivation. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

上司地位知觉对下属默契的影响——反馈寻求行为和观点采择的作用

下属默契指的是下属与上司间不经言传而暗相投合的状态,它能潜移默化地提升下属绩效。因此,探讨下属默契的产生原因,对组织有着重要意义。鉴于此,本文以目标动机模型为理论基础,探讨了上司地位知觉对下属默契的影响及其内部机制。通过对186名企业员工的调查分析发现,上司地位知觉对下属默契有显著的正向影响;反馈寻求行为在此过程中起部分中介作用;此外,下属的观点采择能力调节了反馈寻求行为与下属默契间的正向关系。     

Paternalistic leadership and subordinate responses: Establishing a leadership model in Chinese organizations

Paternalistic leadership (PL) is the prevalent leadership style in Chinese business organizations. With an approach similar to patriarchy, PL entails an evident and powerful authority that shows consideration for subordinates with moral leadership. Although PL is widespread in Chinese business organizations, very few studies have focused on this leadership style and those that have were simply conceptual analyses and not empirical studies. We sampled 543 subordinates from local businesses in Taiwan to investigate PL, Western transformational leadership, and subordinate responses to these two leadership styles. Our hypotheses were as follows: (1) PL has a significant and unique effect on subordinate responses compared to Western transformational leadership; (2) there exists an interaction between the three elements of PL (benevolence, morality, and authoritarianism) and subordinate responses; and (3) the authority orientation of a subordinate's traditionality has a moderating effect upon the relation between PL and subordinate responses. Statistical analyses generally supported these hypotheses. Directions for follow-up studies are offered and implications for leadership theory and practice are discussed.