Statements

The churches today are called to confess anew their faith, and to repent for the times when Christians have remained silent in the face of injustice or threats to peace. The biblical vision of peace with justice for all, of wholeness, of unity for all God's people is not one of several options for the followers of Christ. It is an imperative in our time. (Peace and Justice Statement, WCC Sixth Assembly, Vancouver 1983)     

化危为机：青少年学校转折期的过渡

从生命历程的角度看, 学校过渡是青少年成长过程中的重要发展转折点, 对个体的发展轨迹具有重要影响。先前研究多基于缺陷的视角, 将学校过渡视为充满挑战和风险的危机时期, 并发现青少年在这一时期伴随着各种消极的发展结果。但从青少年积极发展的视角来看, 学校过渡可能是青少年获得适应性的、健康发展的重要机遇, 也是发展可塑性表现最为充分的时期。如果青少年的内部和外部资源能够很好的融合, 他们就有可能获得积极的学校过渡。     

Turning Fantasies About Positive and Negative Futures into Self-Improvement Goals

Contrasting fantasies about the future with reflections on reality that impedes fantasy realization creates a tight link between expectations of success and forming commitments to self-improvement goals. This effect applies to both fantasies about a positive future contrasted with impeding negative reality as well as fantasies about a negative future contrasted with impeding positive reality. In Study 1, with 63 student participants, contrasting positive fantasies about benefiting from a vocational training with negative reflections on reality impeding such benefits led to expectancy-dependent willingness to invest in the training, more so than indulging in the positive future and than dwelling on the negative reality. In Study 2, with 158 high school students from former East Berlin, contrasting negative, xenophobic fantasies about suffering from the influx of immigrants with positive reflections on reality impeding such suffering led to expectancy-dependent tolerance and willingness to integrate the immigrants. Findings are discussed in terms of how mental contrasting facilitates self-improvement and personal development by making people form expectancy-dependent goal commitments to approach positively-perceived as well as negatively-perceived futures.     

Category-specified Value Statements

A value statement such as “she is a good teacher” is categoryspecified, i.e., the criteria of evaluation are specified as those that are applicable to a given category, in this case the category of teachers. In this study of categoryspecified value statements, certain categories are identified that cannot be used to specify value aspects. Special attention is paid to categories that are constituted by functional characteristics. The logical properties of value statements that refer to such categories are shown to differ significantly from the corresponding properties in social choice theory.     

The Art of Reflection: Turning the Strange into the Familiar

There are a great many useful articles on the dynamics and pragmatics of reflecting teams but few articles address what constitutes a good or inept reflection and why. I provide a conceptual model for thinking about what a good reflection does, distinguishing it from a nice reflection. With some further refinements in place, I then illustrate how reflections can be part of any relationship, not just clinical ones. We have opportunities to make them and to recognize when others make them to us. By using examples from my personal life—as a grandmother, daughter, radio listener, cancer survivor, and client—I attempt to ease the personal/professional binary, a project of mine for the last 35 years. In the second part of the article, I address how writing can serve reflection. Although best offered at the moment one is called for, it is never too late for a reflection. Writing allows people to offer reflections after the fact to those who have shared their stories. Sometimes, it is to ourselves we offer those reflections, when the reflector has long since dropped the thread of obligation or interest. I provide an example of working with iconic imagery to unpack meaning so that reflection can eventually take place, allowing integration to proceed, facilitating the strange becoming the familiar.     

Turning the Things That Divide Us into Strengths That Unite Us

This paper focuses on the interaction of my anti-racist work with my presonal experience of sexism, ageism, and anti-Semitism, and how it informs and is informed by the theory and practice of feminist therapy. Using myself as an example, I draw attention to some aspects of the process of building bridges across the chasms that divide us, looking at the internal and external forces that would keep us divided and at the goals that motivate us toward mutual and collective empowerment.     

化理论为方法--冯契对中国近代逻辑思想革命的总结和超越

冯契的哲学宗旨是"转识成智",即从知识之学到智慧之学,具体说来就是"化理论为方法,化理论为德性".本文拟以中国近代逻辑思想和科学方法论革命为背景,从冯契对中国近代逻辑思想革命的总结和超越的角度,对冯契先生"化理论为方法"的辩证思维方法进行一些探讨.文章认为,金岳霖是使认识论和逻辑在现在中国发达起来的第一个人.而冯契的逻辑思想研究,既吸收了近代以来在中国学术界已被普遍接受并已中国化了的西方逻辑和科学精神结果,又对中国古代的辩证逻辑、形式逻辑和科学方法进行了深入、系统的挖掘、发挥和继承.冯契对辩证逻辑的杰出贡献,在于他根据中外逻辑思想相结合而提出的"逻辑范畴体系"的构想--按照"类、故、理"三组范畴来安排逻辑范畴体系.     

汪洋出席宗教团体负责人迎春座谈会

中共中央政治局常委、全国政协主席汪洋1月21日出席全国性宗教团体负责人迎春座谈会,同宗教界人士共庆新春佳节,并代表中共中央和习近平总书记,向全国宗教界人士和广大信教群众致以新春的祝福。     

Turning Believers into Skeptics: 3-Year-Olds' Sensitivity to Cues to Speaker Credibility

Under most circumstances, children (and adults) can safely assume that the testimony they hear is true. In two studies, we investigated whether 3-year-olds (N = 100) would continue to hold this assumption even if the person who provided the testimony behaved in an uncertain, ignorant, and/or distracted manner. In Study 1, children were less likely to trust that, for example, a key-like object was a spoon if the speaker indicated uncertainty about her testimony (e.g., “I think this is a spoon”) than if she simply labeled the object ostensively (e.g., “This is a spoon”). In Study 2, 3-year-olds were also more skeptical about a speaker's testimony when she had earlier made an obvious naming error and seemed distracted, but not when she either made an error or seemed distracted. These results indicate that 3-year-olds can respond differently to the same testimony, depending on the speaker's behavior.