水资源态度与节水行为关系研究现状及发展趋势

文章综述了相关水资源态度与节水行为的概念,介绍了近些年来有影响力的模型。如理性行为理论、计划行为理论,价值—态度—行为层次理论,并简述了水资源态度与节水行为关系的相关研究,最后提出了对未来相关研究的的几点启示。     

Heuristic Implementation of Dynamic Programming for Matrix Permutation Problems in Combinatorial Data Analysis

Dynamic programming methods for matrix permutation problems in combinatorial data analysis can produce globally-optimal solutions for matrices up to size 30×30, but are computationally infeasible for larger matrices because of enormous computer memory requirements. Branch-and-bound methods also guarantee globally-optimal solutions, but computation time considerations generally limit their applicability to matrix sizes no greater than 35×35. Accordingly, a variety of heuristic methods have been proposed for larger matrices, including iterative quadratic assignment, tabu search, simulated annealing, and variable neighborhood search. Although these heuristics can produce exceptional results, they are prone to converge to local optima where the permutation is difficult to dislodge via traditional neighborhood moves (e.g., pairwise interchanges, object-block relocations, object-block reversals, etc.). We show that a heuristic implementation of dynamic programming yields an efficient procedure for escaping local optima. Specifically, we propose applying dynamic programming to reasonably-sized subsequences of consecutive objects in the locally-optimal permutation, identified by simulated annealing, to further improve the value of the objective function. Experimental results are provided for three classic matrix permutation problems in the combinatorial data analysis literature: (a) maximizing a dominance index for an asymmetric proximity matrix; (b) least-squares unidimensional scaling of a symmetric dissimilarity matrix; and (c) approximating an anti-Robinson structure for a symmetric dissimilarity matrix. We are extremely grateful to the Associate Editor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions and corrections.     

Examining Differential Effects of Internal and External Resources on Counselor Burnout Symptoms in South Korea

This study aims to bring to light the relationship between internal/external resources and counselors’ burnout depending on the type of clients (traumatized/bereaved vs. personal growth issues). Moderated mediation analysis was conducted with 165 counselors in South Korea. The results indicated that counselors of traumatized or bereaved clients were more likely to be affected by internal resources (countertransference management ability), whereas counselors of clients with personal growth issues were more likely to be affected by external resources (environmental resources). Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.     

印象整饰的测量及其在人力资源管理中的应用

印象整饰是一个人通过一定的方式影响别人形成对自己的印象的过程。近年来,印象整饰日益受到心理学、组织科学的关注,成为一个重要的研究变量。本文回顾了印象整饰的研究脉络,评介了4种印象整饰的测量工具,概述了印象整饰和人力资源管理关系的研究。对我国开展印象整饰方面的研究特别是组织中的应用提供了一些建议和思路。     

我国医疗失效模式与效应分析的应用现状及问题

医疗失效模式与效应分析（HFMEA）是目前较为先进的前瞻性预防医疗风险的方法,强调对整个流程潜在医疗风险的量化及“事前预防”。本研究通过文献计量分析发现,国内HFMEA的研究和应用主要集中在护理操作、手术操作、给药流程以及医疗设备管理等方面,尚处于起步阶段,研究论文的数量较少、研究主题多集中在护理风险管理领域且研究方法不够科学。今后应顺应医疗风险管理的趋势,更科学、有效地开展更多HFMEA研究及应用工作,逐步建立健全医疗风险监测和预警机制,提高医疗安全。     

The dynamic programming matching analysis of handwriting movement in delayed vision

Abstract: Dynamic programming matching analysis of the velocity profile of handwriting was used to examine temporally invariant characteristics of handwriting. This was done by comparing the performance of 12 subjects in writing five words under various delayed visual feedback conditions. The rate of temporally invariant handwriting decreased when delay of visual feedback was introduced. That is, the mean number of fluctuations or hesitations increased as a function of the delay time. This indicates that subjects wrote words by segmenting their movements into submovements. The relative positions of the boundaries of submovements was shown using dynamic programming matching analysis by the distribution of fluctuations along a time axis of templates. The results suggest the development of a segmented "move-and-wait" strategy under conditions of delayed vision. It was shown that in the "move" phase, subjects performed appropriate submovements as smoothly as in the no delay condition and waited during the delay until visual feedback caught up. The increased errors were due to inadequate segmentation of movements.     

Effectiveness in top management group meetings: The role of goal clarity,focused communication,and learning behavior

Bang, H., Fuglesang, S. L., Ovesen, M. R. & Eilertsen, D. E. (2010). Effectiveness in top management group meetings: The role of goal clarity, focused communication, and learning behavior. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 253–261. To explore the relationship between goal clarity, focused communication, learning behavior, and team effectiveness (i.e., task performance, relationship quality, and member satisfaction), self‐report and observer data from eight top management groups that processed 56 agenda items during meetings were analyzed. We found that goal clarity and focused communication was positively related to team effectiveness. The effect of goal clarity on team effectiveness was partially mediated by focused communication. Speaking up when a goal was unclear increased focused communication, task performance and relationship quality. Speaking up when the discussion was off track was not related to task performance and member satisfaction, and was negatively related to relationship quality. These findings have implications for how to conduct an effective management meeting.     

Effects of Performance-Based Pay Systems on Quantity and Quality in Computer Programming

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of quality-contingent pay systems on quantity and quality. Three computer science students were paid to create simple computer programs across 25 sessions. A multiple-baseline across subjects design was used to compare the effects of three kinds of pay systems; pay-for-hour, pay-for-quantity, and pay-for-quality systems. The quantity was higher when pay was based on the quantity of the programs produced, and the quality was highest when pay was based on the quality of the programs. The production cost including quality inspection costs was highest when pay was based on the time worked.     

重庆市直辖以来卫生资源配置公平性研究

采用基尼系数方法从人口和地理分布两个方面定量分析重庆市卫生资源配置的公平性。重庆市主要卫生资源中,护士的基尼系数最高;重庆市的三个经济区域中,都市发达经济圈的基尼系数最高;资源按地理配置的公平性要差于按人口配置。重庆市护理人员严重不足且分布不公平,资源地理配置的公平性有待改善。     

Application of model-selection criteria to some problems in multivariate analysis

A review of model-selection criteria is presented, with a view toward showing their similarities. It is suggested that some problems treated by sequences of hypothesis tests may be more expeditiously treated by the application of model-selection criteria. Consideration is given to application of model-selection criteria to some problems of multivariate analysis, especially the clustering of variables, factor analysis and, more generally, describing a complex of variables.     

基于泰尔指数的辽宁卫生资源配置公平性分析

利用泰尔指数对辽宁省卫生资源配置公平性进行分析评价,其中包括医院(卫生院)床位、卫生总人员、卫生技术人员、医师和护士(师)等五项.研究结果显示,辽宁卫生资源配置的总体公平性较好,但不同经济发展水平区域卫生资源配置的公平性存在较大差异,区域间差异是导致辽宁卫生资源配置不公平的主要成因.     

注意资源对正常人消极情绪偏向的影响

本研究以正常人为研究对象,分别采用词汇判断任务和后掩蔽范式,以两个行为实验考察了阈上/阈下两种情况下,注意资源的多少对消极情绪偏向的影响.结果发现,在阈上条件下,只有当注意资源缺乏时,才能出现消极情绪偏向;在阈下条件下,无论注意资源多少,都没有出现消极情绪偏向.表明消极情绪偏向在正常人中的出现不是"无条件的",而是受到注意资源多少的影响.     

Dealing with Dynamic Decision Problems when Knowledge of the Environment Is Limited: An Approach Based on Goal Systems

We experimentally analyzed decision procedures for dealing with a dynamic decision‐making problem in which only qualitative information about the deterministic dynamics of the environment was available to participants. A participant's task was to maximize long‐term profit in a computer‐simulated monopoly market featuring delays and inertia. The design enabled a goal‐system‐based procedure, whereby a participant could select one or several short‐term variables to be controlled (goal variables) and chose target values (aspiration levels) for each of them over a total of 50 periods. We report results based on a sample of 63 participants on the formation of goal systems and the process of aspiration adaptation. Our main findings are, first, that more frequently selecting goal systems that adequately reflect the causal structure of the underlying model is positively correlated with long‐term profit; second, that goal persistence, a measure of a participant's tendency to stick to the current goal system, is positively correlated with long‐term profit; and third, that aspiration levels tend to be adapted in strong agreement with certain basic principles of a benchmark model of aspiration adaptation. Our study thus suggests and provides empirical foundation for an approach to dealing with complex dynamic decision problems based on neither optimization nor learning. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

国内循证医学人才资源分布研究

目的了解国内循证医学人才资源分布情况.方法采用描述性统计分析方法,对循证医学文献进行调查,统计分析区域分布、著者单位分布、著者分布.结果循证医学文献区域分布遍布全国26个省市,分布极不均衡,其中四川省著者最多,几乎占了1/3;四川大学循证医学文献产出最多,接近总产出的1/3;高产著者中多数著者均为四川大学华西医院著者.结论国内循证医学人才资源分布严重失衡,不利于国内循证医学研究的全面开展和循证医学水平的普遍提高.     

人际认知中刻板印象激活和应用的影响因素剖析

刻板印象的激活和应用是自动化的这一观点在心理学中占据了将近40年,直到近几年的一些研究才对此提出了挑战,表明刻板印象是可控的,会受到知觉者的目的和意图等因素的影响。本文从知觉者的目的、自我增强的目的和避免偏见的动机三个角度详细分析了其对刻板印象激活和应用的影响。     

先秦诸子学说对中国现代能源资源战略的启示

当代中国在经济发展的压力之下,用牺牲自然资源来获取经济增长,这无疑是最简捷的途径,但资源的有限性则约束了利用资源的质量、数量以及时空范围。中国先秦时代,诸子百家的许多论断就闪现了对资源合理利用的认识,用这些理念反观当今科学发展观视角下的能源资源战略,仍具有鲜明的借鉴意义和历史价值。     

The role of career competencies in the Job Demands — Resources model

This study investigated the role of career competencies as a mediator in the Job Demands — Resources model. Structural equation modeling with data from 305 young employed persons aged 16–30 years showed that career competencies are positively related to job resources and work engagement, but not to job demands and emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, career competencies had a partially mediating effect on the relationship between job resources and work engagement, and job resources had a partially mediating effect on the relationship between career competencies and work engagement. These findings suggest that career competencies may act in a similar way as personal resources in fostering work engagement. Our results underline the importance of combining research on job design and career development, and suggest that career competencies may have a role in stimulating employee wellbeing. Career counselors and HR programs may benefit from this insight by simultaneously increasing job resources and career competencies to increase employee wellbeing.     

药物经济学在疾病管理中的应用

随着近年来慢性病患者的增多,慢性病防治成本的增加,各国政府急需一种方法来降低慢性病患者医疗保健费用,减少卫生资源的浪费;而疾病管理作为解决上述问题的一种有效模式,本文讲述了其定义以及其实施的动因。同时指出药物经济学作为疾病管理中有效的评价工具及其在改善卫生保健资源利用方面的重大作用,阐述了其定义和评价方法,及其在疾病管理中应用时的选取,然后描述了其应用过程中存在的问题及解决对策。     

《管子》人才思想及其现代解读

《管子》是我国古代著名的一部子书,其中蕴涵着丰富的人才思想。它提出了一整套关于人才的培养、选拔、任用和激励等方面的措施和思想。对其包含的人才思想进行现代解读,对于现代人力资源管理具有积极的借鉴意义。     

低浓度臭氧水与复方利多卡因对血液肿瘤口腔黏膜炎的疗效比较

比较低浓度臭氧水和复方利多卡因溶液漱口治疗血液肿瘤患者化疗所致口腔黏膜炎（OM）的临床疗效.将68例OM患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组采用0.5mg/L臭氧水漱口;对照组予以复方利多卡因溶液漱口,采用WHO分级标准每天评估OM的严重程度.结果试验组疗效优于对照组（P=0.001）,总有效率分别为97.0％和73.5％;试验组2级以上OM持续时间明显短于对照组（P=0.000）,分别为（4.30±2.37）天和（8.15±3.07）天;自漱口开始5天内,两组OM严重程度总体变化趋势差异有统计学意义（P=0.008）,第3天开始两组OM等级均逐渐减轻,对照组变化趋势较为平缓.本研究显示低浓度臭氧水漱口可以有效治疗血液肿瘤患者OM.