现代口腔正畸学发展史及其启示

本文通过对现代口腔正畸学发展历程的探讨,阐明该学科的发展既要依赖于整体科学技术的进步与突破;也要求科学工作者具备有良好的人文关怀修养;更需要有能够促进本门学科发展的自由创新的学术平台;同时还要建立起多种学科的相互渗透与交叉发展的大科学思想.     

交叉科学时代与自然科学和社会科学的联盟

科学的发展经历了综合—分化—又综合的过程。当前,世界科学发展的总趋势是日益走向综合,准确地说,是走向“高度分化”与“高度综合”的统一。所谓“高度分化”,是指科学越分越细,新学科、新分支、新门类越来越多;而同时。不同学科分支之间的联系也越来越多,以各种不同方式相互交叉、渗透和融合,又呈现出“高度综合”的总趋势。学科交叉现象虽然早已有之。在自然科学中就早有物理化学、地质力学、生物化学、生物物理学等边缘科学产生,但近些     

文化哲学论纲

文化哲学论纲庄春波一、关于＂文化哲学＂问题的提出每一种科学都有其反思领域,可称之为该学科的＂元科学＂或＂科学哲学＂。这个领域上是哲学与科学之间的中介,对该学科而言具有不可替代的理论和方法论功能。在科学发展的某些阶段上,对元科学的需要之迫切性会突出出来...     

NBIC会聚技术对医学教育改革的启示

介绍了科技发展前沿领域“NBIC会聚技术”的含义和起源,并提出:关注科学统一与技术会聚的整体发展观,树立大医学教育的理念;顺应学科交叉融合的大趋势,积极推进医学院校办学模式改革;重视当代科技发展的大科学特征,正确定位医学教育培养目标;紧扣生命科学发展前沿,加强开放式课程体系建设。     

NBIC会聚技术对医学教育改革的启示

介绍了科技发展前沿领域"NBIC会聚技术"的含义和起源,并提出:关注科学统一与技术会聚的整体发展观,树立大医学教育的理念;顺应学科交叉融合的大趋势,积极推进医学院校办学模式改革;重视当代科技发展的大科学特征,正确定位医学教育培养目标;紧扣生命科学发展前沿,加强开放式课程体系建设.     

武寅出席中国无神论学会和《科学与无神论》杂志主管交接仪式

<正>(本刊讯)2010年2月9日,中国无神论学会和《科学与无神论》杂志,正式由世界宗教研究所移交给马克思主义研究院主管。据悉,当前科学无神论学科的发展正面临重要机遇:根据中国社科院党组发     

意向解释的自主性

就科学哲学的发展趋势而言,“科学哲学的各个领域都在寻找一种跨学科的结合”,这意味着,“第一,各个学科的本体界限在有原则地放宽;第二,各个学科的认识论疆域在有限度地扩张;第三,各个学科的方法论形式在有效地相互渗透。”(郭贵春,第4页)特别是随着科学哲学的方法论性从给定的学科性质中解构出来,方法论的大融合与大渗透已成为一种不可阻挡的趋向。在这样的背景下,更多的方法在科学研究中异军突起,在其科学地位重建的过程中,展示出它们独特的、具有启迪性的哲学魅力。心理意向分析方法便是在这一趋势中凸显出的一种具有普遍意义的科学研究…     

心理学能从自身的历史发展中学到什么？

本文在将心理学视为一门学科同时也是一种职业的前提下,超越各种具体条件和内容之上对心理学进行了总结。为此,考察了心理学在其发展中所体现的规律性,为了更好地表达,可以称之为从心理学历史所归纳出的“经验教训”。首先,从心理学作为一门科学的历史,可以总结出6条规律：1）心理学具有双重学科的地位。心理学既是一门科学,也是一门综合了生物学、社会学和文化学研究方法的“桥梁”学科;2）必须以实验学作为方法学的指南;3）基础研究和应用研究成果的整合利用;4）需要接受各方面的启发;5）全球化和本土化的相互补充;6）心理学在科学发展史中的学科力量。从将心理学视为一种职业来考察心理学发展史,还可以看到3条普遍的规律：1）职业化的快速发展;2）需要科学研究与实际应用之间的双向交流;3）跨学科专业知识的相互启发     

跨学科的发展和我们的对策——记两院部分专家座谈会

为促进交叉学科的发展,加强自然科学与社会科学的联盟,中国社会科学院和中国科学院的专家于1991年4月23日在社科院举行了一次小型座谈会,会议主要探讨了以下问题: 一、科学学科的发展趋势。社科院情报所的刘仲亨同志分析了中国社会科学院和省级社科院自80年代以来新设的50多个学科,其中有传统学科,也有传统学科的分支,还有全新     

从哲学的角度探讨广义流行病学概念发展

应用辩证逻辑、形式逻辑方法;借鉴诸多学科相关理论的新成果;结合流行病学发展历史与现状;探讨了流行病学概念新发展.研究结果表明;广义流行病学是一门揭示公众卫生问题的发生、发展与分布规律;分析问题与因素间关联的有无、性质及强度;研究应对策略、措施的有效性、安全性、经济性和可接受性;总结完善流行病学理论体系的科学.     

家庭环境与高中生发展:自主的中介作用及其性别差异

从浙江省三所全日制高中选取348名高一到高三的学生为被试, 采用集体上机填答的方式实施问卷调查, 考察家庭环境对高中生发展的影响及作用机制, 探讨自主的中介作用及其性别差异。使用描述检验、相关分析和结构方程模型等方法, 结果发现:(1)男生的情感自主显著高于女生, 感知到的家庭亲密度水平显著低于女生;(2)家庭环境和自主与积极发展呈显著正相关, 与消极发展呈显著负相关, 积极发展与消极发展呈显著负相关;(3)家庭环境对积极发展有显著的正向预测作用, 对消极发展有显著的负向预测作用, 且对积极发展的预测作用显著高于消极发展;(4)总体上, 自主在家庭环境和高中生积极、消极发展的关系中起显著的中介作用;自主在家庭环境和积极发展间的中介作用在男生和女生样本中均达到显著水平, 而在家庭环境和消极发展间的中介作用在男生样本中为完全中介, 在女生样本中不显著。研究结果为从家庭角度促进高中生的积极发展、降低消极发展的可能性提供了依据。     

Neuroconstructivism

Neuroconstructivism is a theoretical framework focusing on the construction of representations in the developing brain. Cognitive development is explained as emerging from the experience-dependent development of neural structures supporting mental representations. Neural development occurs in the context of multiple interacting constraints acting on different levels, from the individual cell to the external environment of the developing child. Cognitive development can thus be understood as a trajectory originating from the constraints on the underlying neural structures. This perspective offers an integrated view of normal and abnormal development as well as of development and adult processing, and it stands apart from traditional cognitive approaches in taking seriously the constraints on cognition inherent to the substrate that delivers it.     

Improving Empathy in Children: Interactive Read-Aloud as a Counseling Intervention

ABSTRACT

The authors describe interactive read-alouds as an effective counseling strategy to improve empathy levels in school aged children. The importance of reading development and empathy development were considered as well. Results of the literature review indicate reading development is an essential building block in school aged children’s future academic development. Furthermore, empathy development in students was deemed important. A lesson plan was created to provide school counselors with a means of implementing the interactive read-aloud as a counseling strategy.     

A model of involvement in work-related learning and development activity: the effects of individual,situational, motivational,and age variables

Eight hundred employees from across the U.S. work force participated in a detailed 13-month longitudinal study of involvement in learning and development activities. A new model was posited and tested in which the hypothesized sequence was as follows: worker age --> individual and situational antecedents --> perceived benefits of participation and self-efficacy for development --> attitudes toward development --> intentions to participate --> participation. The results depict a person who is oriented toward employee development as having participated in development activities before, perceiving themselves as possessing qualities needed for learning, having social support for development at work and outside of work, being job involved, having insight into his or her career, and believing in the need for development, in his or her ability to develop skills and to receive intrinsic benefits from participating. Given the aging work force, a detailed treatment of age differences in development is presented. Implications for new ideas in practice and future research are discussed.     

高压氧医学与康复医学的协同发展

随着医学理论与实践的不断创新和发展,中国也正在努力寻求一种具有中国特色的现代医学发展模式.高压氧医学与康复医学都是新兴的边缘交叉性学科,具有广阔的发展潜能和空间;然而,两者在快速发展的同时也突显了一些问题,如：后续动力不足、发展方向不明确等.本文从哲学中联系与发展的角度出发,通过机制探讨及发展趋势的分析,试图寻找两者共同发展的结合点,为推动康复医学与高压氧医学在临床工作中的继续向前发展提供一种借鉴与参考.     

Going for Gold: Understanding Talent Development Through the Lived Experiences of US Female Olympians

Using qualitative methods design, this research examined the talent development process of US female Olympians. In addition, models of talent development in gifted women in other domains assisted in understanding the development of talent in elite female athletes. Interpretation of the experiences of the participants indicated that the models of talent development for gifted women contribute to an understanding of female athletic talent development. Yet, models presented in both sport and other professional domains do not capture all aspects of talent development as lived by the participants in this project. Within current models of talent development for athletes there is no discussion regarding what occurs after an athlete reaches the elite level of participation. A more fully integrated model of talent development must also include the contributions of athletic talent development toward development as fully actualized human beings. The participants in this research acknowledged significant development that occurred following their elite level of participation.     

Factors Influencing the Development of Psychology in China

The factors that have influenced the development of Chinese psychology are identified as: politics and ideologies, economic development, traditional culture, higher education, and human resources. This article focuses on the dynamics of the development of psychology as a discipline. Consideration is given to the process by which the discipline is facilitated or impeded in its development. Special emphasis is on those characteristics that are specifically relevant to the development of psychology in the Chinese social environment.     

论学习化社会建构的心理学基础——基于埃里克森的理论

埃里克森的人格发展理论认为人的发展是阶段性的,如果个体某个阶段没有发展好,还可以在后面的阶段进行补偿性发展,而且人格的形成是生理、心理和社会等因素交互作用的结果。因此,个体的发展需要在学习时间和学习资源这两个维度上进行扩展,也就说我们必须建立学习化社会。     

Going Somewhere: An Ecological and Experimental Approach to Development of Mobility

This article formulates a framework for understanding mobility and how it develops. Research is summarized as a foundation for a theoretical framework. Studies are briefly described that deal with development of detection of a surface of support adequate for traversal, development of the ability to maintain equilib- rium during stance and bipedal locomotion, and development of guided locomo- tion on a path to a destination in a cluttered environment. The informational basis for perceiving essential behavioral supports is examined. The concept of affordance as it relates to and is constrained by developing exploratory and action systems is stressed as an essential part of the theoretical framework for develop- ment. Mobility development is seen as best approached within a functional systems theory with components, both perceptual and motor, coming together in the course of development to permit emergence of new skills, such as crawling and walking, in the service of going somewhere.