清末北京首家官立医院

1902年,北京发生霍乱,死亡无数.为了救助贫民和乞丐,清政府成立临时的医疗机构--北京官医局.1903年,北京官医局变成常设医疗机构--医院.北京官医局是北京的首家官立医院,1901年实行新政后,清政府开始改良医学,重要措施之一即是设立官办医院,后来逐渐成为民众医疗的主体.     

昔日蒙受耻辱 今朝扬眉吐气

今年7月1日,中国政府将对香港恢复行使主权。香港回归是1997年我国的大事,是我国现代史的大事,举世瞩目。全国人民正在翘首以待这重要时刻的来临。1842年和1860年英国胁迫清政府先后签订不平等条约《南京条约》和《北京条约》,香港被英国占领。1894年,中日甲午战争之后,帝国主义列强再次瓜分中国,已经占领香港岛及南九龙的英帝国,乘机强迫清政府于     

京郊南口基督教会的历史与现状概述

正随着鸦片战争爆发,帝国主义强迫清政府签订了一系列不平等条约,为基督教传入中国打开了大门。北京作为中国的首都,其重要的地理位置和政治地位,决定了各国基督教必将争相涌入。与中国的沿海城市地区相比,基督教传入北京的时间相对较晚,是在鸦片战争结束20年后。以1861年英国伦敦会传教士雒魏林进入北京为开端,各国的基督教差会逐步来到北京并建立教堂。(1)据统计,到1943年,北京基督教有教堂52处,教牧人     

医疗机构应守住初心,让伦理引领发展

医疗机构承载着救死扶伤、防病治病的重任,寄托着民众维护生命健康的希望。医疗机构伦理是实现医学目的,践行医院宗旨,实现医师专业精神的基础和保障。医疗机构伦理建设和医院的经营发展并不是非此即彼的矛盾对立关系。在趋利化导向严重损害了医疗机构的社会形象的情况下,医疗机构应始终坚持人道主义的行善宗旨和不以谋利为目的的伦理本色,秉承全心全意为民众健康服务的核心价值观,坚持公益性办院方向,用得道多助、开放共赢的思维模式推动医疗机构良性发展。     

一个神父与一家眼科医院

2014年10月18日,历经110年的邢台眼科医院,作为河北省眼科医院正式揭牌运营。百余年来,该院从享誉北方的著名教会医院,逐步发展成为大型眼专科医疗机构,并成为国内一流的眼科医疗中心之一。人所不知的是,该医院前身为天主教会主办的顺德府仁慈医院。一位波兰籍神父宣蔚仁为这所医院的发展及壮大做出了积极的贡献。     

北京市回民医院介绍

今天当你走到牛街南口外的时候,首先映入眼簾的是一个象花园样的境地:一幢玲瓏的楼房、它的四面伸展出一片寬阔的綠化地带,四周圍以木栏作短墙,每逢百花盛开的季节,园里紅綠争艳,花香四溢,建筑物象是蹲在百花丛中,这里就是回民医院的所在了。北京回民医院是为回民群众服务的一个卫生保健事业,同时也是为首都信奉伊斯兰教的各族人民設立的医疗机构。因此,从它服务对象來看,这个医院是有着某些与其他医院不同的特点的。     

法国传教士与中法黄埔条约

1840—1842年的第一次鸦片战争,是英帝国主义者为了扩充市场、寻找殖民地而向古老的封建中国所进行的侵略战争。英国对中国威逼的结果,不但使清政府订立了中国近代史上第一个丧权辱国的不平等条约——中英南京条约,也替美国和法国侵略者开辟了乘机勒索的道路,使清政府被迫先后订立了中美望厦条约和中法黄埔条约。这些不平等条约是套在中国人民脖颈上一层紧一层的枷锁。法国巴黎外方传教会从1663年创立之日起,除了传扬天主圣     

医疗机构处理弃婴问题的法律研究

近年来,婴儿被遗弃在医疗机构的事件频频发生,然而由于法律的不完善使得医疗机构在处理这些弃婴时非常棘手。从剖析婴儿被弃医院的原因和医疗机构处理弃婴存在的困难入手,阐述现有法律关于弃婴的规定存在的缺陷和完善弃婴法律制度的措施。     

医疗机构心理咨询与心理治疗开展情况及对策

为了全面了解医疗机构心理咨询与心理治疗工作的普及与开展情况,对江苏省医疗机构进行了抽样调查.结果显示医疗机构普遍开展了心理咨询与心理治疗,但地区及医院性质等发展不平衡;多数心理咨询机构没有设立专门的部门和科室;从业人员以兼职为主,且缺乏充分的系统培训.对医疗机构心理咨询与心理治疗的发展提出了建议.     

震动中外的“天津教案”

1860年,英法联军侵入北京,强迫清政府签订了“中法北京条约”。在这个不平等的条约里,规定了天津应辟为通商口岸,准许外国人来往居住和“传教自由”,并得派兵船停泊海口驻守。从此,帝国主义者向天津输入大批洋货,严重地破坏了天津的手工业经济。同时,他们经营的轮船运输,也使天津的航运事业,频于破产,大批工人     

论医院药品价格下调的影响

近几年,国家采取了一系列降低药品价格的政策。药品价格的调整是否从一定程度上减缓了“看病难,看病贵”的问题,是否达到了预期效果？本文将从医院、患者、医药公司和药店以及医药企业四方的角度对药品价格下调产生的影响进行探讨。     

浅析农村卫生保健改革的若干难点与起点

农村医疗单靠政府行政预算拨付进行运作管理,只能起到临时输血的功能.卫生健康水平的提高,一方面取决于经济收入水平的增长,另一方面则取决于政府公共财政支持力度和行政管理的有效性.资金是基础,制度是保证,政府需通过工具性的制度创新,减少国家对农民的制度排挤,充分发挥政府调控和监管作用,改善农村医疗面临的财政、技术、人员严重不足的问题.     

关于湖北磨盘山神权社会的考察

关于明清之际欧洲传教士在华活动的研究,学人一般把目光投向学术层面,研究的对象多是在中西文化交流中做出过重要贡献的传教士。事实上,传教士作为一个群体来到中国,其最终目的是传播基督福音,他们不仅在中国的京城及重要城市建立了传教会,还把影响扩展到偏远的乡村,因而当中国政府用武力实行禁教的时候,乡村教会成为传教士和基督徒的避难所。明清全国乡村天主教的发展以鄂北的磨盘山最为典型,本文将此作为特殊的个案进行讨论,希望从中找出中国乡村天主教发展的若干特点。通过调查研究,作者发现,乡村天主教在清朝禁教期间并没有绝迹,而是一直延续到近代社会。因而,基督教来华历史的四个时期的划分对于天主教来说似乎不太客观。     

An Overview of Genetic Counseling in Cuba

This brief report provides an overview of the history and current status of genetic services in Cuba. In 1971, the University of Medical Sciences of Havana began to train doctors in medical genetics according to the medicine development plan in Cuba. With the aim of introducing genetic services to the population, two main issues were identified: the impact of neural tube defects as a cause of infantile mortality, and a founder effect resulting in a high frequency of sickle cell anemia, which increased the mortality rate and impacted the quality of peoples' lives. The impact of consanguinity is variable; it depends on the isolation of the population, with rates of 1 to 11% in different regions for first and second cousin marriages. From 1981, the services of medical genetics began to expand to the entire country, according to a government directive, and the need to design a program for the specialty became evident. From 1995 to 2000, two Masters-level programs were designed by professors of the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medical Sciences of Havana, and authorized by the Ministry of Higher Education. One program in medical genetics was designed for physicians with other specialties, and the second program was designed to train professionals to become genetic counselors. The majority of graduates from the latter program are working at the primary level of healthcare     

A role for clinical psychology in health care and policy concerning the physical environment

Some persons adversely react to specific environments, while others are impervious or actually thrive. Medical attention often overlooks such sensitivities to the physical environment. Such sensitivities, including phobias and seasonal affectivity, fall within clinical psychology's purview. A theoretical/clinical approach called the Synchronous Systems Model, which defines and uses individual differences in people and in settings, could serve medical health care and policy. When specific people are matched appropriately with specific treatments within the most propitious settings, cost effectiveness and medical efficacy rise. Such documented accountability could make clinical psychologists central to triage of medical services as well as health care policy in these days of the shrinking health care dollar. The Synchronous Systems Model provides theory, supportive data, and clinical assessment devices to strengthen clinical psychology's role in medical settings.     

The psychologist's role in assessing and facilitating patients' knowledge of advance directives in medical settings: A preliminary investigation

In a time of budgetary shortfalls in the medical industry, an aging population, and an increased emphasis on health care choices, psychologists are being called upon to administer advance medical directive programs to patients. This study reports preliminary findings from a program to assess and facilitate patients' knowledge of advance directives (ADs) by the Psychology Service at the Ann Arbor VA Medical Center. The participant pool included 243 male veteran patients admitted to medical and surgical wards at the hospital. The intervention included the use of a computer-generated prompt for consultation, which was sent to the psychology staff in response to a patient inquiry regarding ADs. It also involved an increased emphasis on the delivery of written material on ADs by the admissions clerks. The intervention appeared to result in a modest increase in patients' knowledge of advance directives. Suggestions are offered for areas that should be emphasized in future attempts to increase patients' knowledge and utilization of advance directives.     

医管、医患双重博弈研究

在中国,老百姓"看病难,看病贵"问题已饱受各方诟病多时,政府不断出台的政策却收效甚微。通过分析医疗机构、管制者和患者所面临的风险与收益、行为与选择、医疗机构与管制者之间的重复博弈,医疗机构与患者之间的一次性博弈,提出医疗机构与管制者、医疗机构与患者的双重博弈假说。指出了"药价虚高"的根源以及解决的可能途径。     

A Comparative Evaluation of Police Suicide Rate Validity

The authors assessed sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of official police suicide rates and compared them to municipal workers. Deaths officially classified as suicide, accidental, and undetermined were submitted to a panel of medical examiners for validation. Six cases originally in the accident and undetermined rubric were reclassified as suicide. Official police suicide rates had less sensitivity (83.3% compared to 92.3%) of actual suicides than municipal worker rates. Police suicide rates also showed a lower negative proportion than municipal worker rates (86.2% compared to 98.7%). A generalizable sensitivity proportion equation for assessing suicide rates in other police groups is presented.     

Subtle forms of racism in strategy documents concerning Roma inclusion

This paper explores the ways in which national governments address the social inclusion of disadvantaged and disenfranchised groups in official strategy documents of the state. Data for this study come from a corpus of four key government strategy papers concerning Roma inclusion published by the Romanian Government between 2001 and 2015. This paper specifically looks at the ways in which strategy documents frame the problem of “crime” in the context of Roma inclusion. Texts were analysed using a critical frame analysis approach complemented by insights from discursive research. The findings highlight that although generally government policy on the Roma adopts and promotes a progressive/liberal agenda that aligns with EU strategic goals, pronounced ambivalence towards Roma people and subtle forms of racism are still present and persist.     

Culture Marker Versus Authority Marker: How Do Language Attitudes Affect Political Trust?

Is public trust in government representatives (i.e., bureaucrats, police, public servants) affected by the language they use? The conventional theory holds that, in a multilingual society, people favor government representatives who speak the listeners' dialects because it indicates a shared cultural identity, that is, the “culture-marker” effect. This article offers an alternative mechanism in which people's attitudes can be affected by the government designating the official language as a marker of political authority. Listeners will then project their respect for the political authority to the government representatives who speak this marker language. This mechanism is named an “authority marker” effect. Using a set of adjusted matched-guise experiments in China, this study examines the culture-marker and authority-marker effects. The results support the authority-marker effect by showing that listeners have significantly more trust in the bureaucrats who speak the official language than in those who speak the dialects of the listeners. The study also finds that this is a unique effect for speakers when they represent the government. Without that political identity, listeners will still respond more positively to speakers of their own dialects.