假说逻辑思维素质的培养

随着社会科技的发展和疾病谱的巨大变化,人类健康面临许多困惑和无奈,在此背景下加速医学研究显得日益迫切,发展医学假说就具有了重大的现实意义和迫切需求性,作为高等医学教育有必要探索培养假说逻辑思维素质的有效路径,以满足发展医学事业的需要.     

论医学人文与医患关系——读“钟南山痛批‘医学人文沦落’”有感

在当今日新月异的科技时代,医疗技术发展突飞猛进,但是“医乃仁术”的本质属性始终不会改变.人文医学发展的滞后必然会成为约束医学科学整体化趋势的瓶颈.因此,在医患关系紧张的今天,重构医学的人文内涵,重塑医学的人文精神,重振医学的人文风采显得尤为重要和迫切.     

中国现代医学美学与美容学学科进展和展望

中国现代医学美学与美容学学科进展和展望中华医学会医学美学与美容学学会张其亮,孙少宣科学技术的发展、新的医学模式的建立,人民物质文化生活水平的提高,社会人群对美的追求越来越迫切,医学美学和美容学这门新的交叉学科就是在这一形势下应运而生,并逐渐发展起来的...     

医学的转型与医学整合

防控慢性病迫切需要医学的转型.当代医学需要实现的转型是全面的,其中包括医学目标、医学观、医学方法学、医学服务手段和服务体制的转型;实现医学转型的关键是推进医学整合,而以临床医学的整合及临床医学与预防医学的整合最为重要和迫切.     

影像学在弱视发病机制研究中的应用

弱视作为常见的儿童眼病,其发病机制至今仍未完全清楚.近年来神经功能影像学工具和技术不断更新和发展,将其应用于弱视发病机制的研究,为弱视发病机制的中枢神经系统假说提供了有利证据.临床的需求是科技创新的原动力,科技的进步和多学科的合作推动了医学的发展.     

关于医学整合的几点认识

医学整合对医学发展整体趋势的回应;医学专业学科的整合,临床与预防、公共卫生的整合,保健服务与全民健康促进的整合,医学教育与保健服务的整合,医学人文与医学的整合,是当前是最为迫切的整合;构建新的保健服务体系,实现保健服务的公平,是医学整合的核心;医学整合是创新,也是革命.     

关于医学整合的几点认识

医学整合对医学发展整体趋势的回应;医学专业学科的整合,临床与预防、公共卫生的整合,保健服务与全民健康促进的整合,医学教育与保健服务的整合,医学人文与医学的整合,是当前是最为迫切的整合;构建新的保健服务体系,实现保健服务的公平,是医学整合的核心;医学整合是创新,也是革命。     

心、脑科学与医学人道主义价值观

当今,心、脑科学的研究进展及成果极大支持了科学的医学人道主价值观应当以正确认识、把握、运用脑模式科学假说为基础的观点.试从意识的本质、医学人道价值观的机制、与价值相关的医者心灵的自我控制和意志自由等三个方面探讨心、脑科学同医学实践中的医学人道价值观的关系.     

浅谈医学科研思维的逻辑性

医学科研思维过程中最重要的就是医学假说的提出、验证,推理和遵守逻辑思维的过程。它以抽象的概念、判断、推理为思维形式,通过分析、综合、比较、分类等多种逻辑思维方法进行操作,以达到它的最终目的。逻辑思维能力对于医学科研工作者是至关重要的,医学科研工作者应该不断加强逻辑修养,不断提升科研思维水准。     

浅析肿瘤胚胎性起源假说

假说的检验是一个历史的辩证的发展过程.1829年,Lobstein和Recamier提出了肿瘤的胚胎性起源的概念.经过了近2个世纪,应该重新认识和评价该假说.论述了现有肿瘤起源假说,肿瘤胚胎性起源假说的提出、发展、证据和意义,以及给予我们的启示.     

The effects of quantity,complexity, and attentional demand on children’s time perception

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of quantity, complexity, and attentional demand on children’s time perception. The appropriateness for children of two models of time perception founded primarily on adult research was examined. These models were the attentional hypothesis and the storage size hypothesis. Ninety-six children, 32 each of 6, 9, and 12 years, observed two and four displays of simple and complex shapes under conditions of higher (matching) or lower (looking) attentional demand. In accord with the attentional model, an inverse relationship was found between attentional demand and children’s time perception. However, in accord with the storage size model, a positive relation was found between quantity and children’s time perception. A developmental trend was also found: younger children were more susceptible to the quantity effect, and older children were more susceptible to the attentional demand effect. Results generalize adult findings to younger children, but the pattern of results is not easily explained solely by either model. Further refinements of either model, or development of a new model that can integrate the two separate findings, appears warranted.     

特需医疗服务发展意向研究概述

我国特需医疗服务发展已近20年,尽管其在满足较高层次的医疗保健需求方面确实起到了积极的作用,但同时在特需医疗服务的内涵、服务内容和承担主体等问题上却始终存在着较大争议。本研究从剖析各位学者对上述问题的不同观点入手,对特需医疗服务的供需双方进行意向调查,在此基础上探讨我国特需医疗服务发展的基本思路,为促进我国特需医疗服务的良性发展提供决策的参考依据。     

Odor Memory and Aging

Although, odor memory is considered to be impervious to time, an unfortunate reality is that many older people lose some olfactorial abilities across the adult life span. This review examines the unique features of odor memory and detection in perspective of the aging adult. Memory for odors does not inherently diminish with age, but neither is it impervious to the effects of time. Many, if not most of the declines typically associated with age are the result of insult and injury, neuropathologies, pharmacological and nutritional imbalance, cognitive slowing, and diminished memorial capacity. Extent research has typically ignored major facets of efficient memory encoding and recall, especially context and experience. Among the most salient experimental factors in need of more research are lexicality effects, in which some stimuli are more easily remembered because of the ability to label or name them, either overtly or covertly. Another important experimental factor is context, typically relied on more by older persons to aid in both encoding and recall. Specific suggestions for research are discussed.     

人文课程建设与医学生人文素质培养

人文课程在医学教育中担负着培养医学生思想品德的重要任务。优秀的医学人才不仅需要较高的专业技术水平,更需要有饱含人文情感的人文素质,否则,就很难适应医学的发展及社会对医学人才的要求。因此,加强人文课程的建设,培养医学生的人文素质,使他们成为高素质的医学人才,是医学教育发展的必然和需要。     

面向21世纪医院管理的进展

２１世纪的医院管理的进展,是大家共同关心的热点问题。试图从以上方面分析这一问题：医学观念的更新,主要从调整医学目的和进行医疗需求评估实证医疗现实现;医疗服务的拓展,应从三方面着手;树立新的人才观念。     

Coping, negative affectivity, and the work environment: additive and interactive predictors of mental health

The present study tested the hypothesis that direct coping would moderate relations between work stress and mental health outcome, whereas suppression (a form of emotion-focused coping) would show an overall effect on outcome. Data on coping, perceived work demand and support, and affective symptoms were obtained from trainee teachers (N = 157). The results supported the hypothesis. Gender differences also were observed; men reported more use of suppression than did women. In addition, negative affectivity (NA) was examined as a confounding variable and as an index of reactivity in stress-outcome relations. NA acted to inflate associations between work perceptions and affective symptoms, but it was also a significant moderator variable; high NA subjects showed greater reactivity to work demand than did low NA subjects.     

Chronic illness and aggressive behaviour: A population-based study of 4-year-olds

The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that aggressive behaviour is explained by various medical conditions. The current study investigated this hypothesis in a population-based study of families with a 4-year-old child (n?=?1915). Maternal reports of child health and development were assessed and a paediatrician examined a subsample (n?=?263) with a chronic illness. Twice as many toddlers with a chronic physical disorder displayed aggressive behaviour when compared with toddlers without such disorders. All seven medical diagnostic categories included children with aggressive behaviour, but the highly prevalent condition of asthma contributed to more than a third of the cases with co-occurrence of chronic illness and aggressive behaviour. Neurological, sensory and skin/joint disorders accounted for another third. Subsequent analyses showed that poor language was an additional risk factor while attending day-care centres in groups with 5?–?15 children was a protective factor against aggressive behaviour.     

A role for clinical psychology in health care and policy concerning the physical environment

Some persons adversely react to specific environments, while others are impervious or actually thrive. Medical attention often overlooks such sensitivities to the physical environment. Such sensitivities, including phobias and seasonal affectivity, fall within clinical psychology's purview. A theoretical/clinical approach called the Synchronous Systems Model, which defines and uses individual differences in people and in settings, could serve medical health care and policy. When specific people are matched appropriately with specific treatments within the most propitious settings, cost effectiveness and medical efficacy rise. Such documented accountability could make clinical psychologists central to triage of medical services as well as health care policy in these days of the shrinking health care dollar. The Synchronous Systems Model provides theory, supportive data, and clinical assessment devices to strengthen clinical psychology's role in medical settings.     

The good-subject effect: investigating participant demand characteristics

Although researchers are often concerned with the presence of participant demand, few have directly examined effects of demand on participant behavior. Before beginning the present study, a confederate informed participants (N = 100) of the study's purported hypothesis. Participants then performed a laboratory task designed to evaluate the extent to which they would respond in ways that may confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis of the study. The authors found that participants tended to respond in ways that confirmed the hypothesis, yet this tendency depended on attitudes toward the experiment or experimenter and other individual differences. In addition, results suggested that suspicion probes may be ineffective in measuring participants' previous knowledge and suspicion. Findings indicate the need for more research and consideration of demand in the design of studies and analysis of data.     

Play fighting between kindling-prone (FAST) and kindling-resistant (SLOW) rats

Differences in the play behavior of 2 strains of rats suggest that different components of play fighting can be modified independently. The development of play fighting in cross-strain pairs of familiar and unfamiliar rats was examined to determine whether interacting with a non-congruent pair-mate would alter the pattern of play typical for each strain. In both strains, changes in play fighting were observed throughout development, but partner identity appeared to influence play fighting in different ways depending on age. These data suggest that some components of play may be more impervious to changes in social environment than other components.