山西省艾滋病防治政策分析

阐述了艾滋病在山西省流行的现状,探讨了艾滋病引发的社会问题,分析了艾滋病防治条例、四免一关怀政策以及艾滋病自愿咨询与检测制度的执行情况以及在执行过程中所存在的主要问题,研究了山西省艾滋病防治工作相关基金的来源和使用情况,针对山西省在艾滋病防治工作中存在的问题,提出了艾滋病防治工作与社区工作相结合的建议.     

基层艾滋病防治常态化的国际经验对我国的启示

目前我国艾滋病疫情形势依然严峻,艾滋病防治工作难度日益增大,面临着前所未有的挑战。除艾滋病本身的性质外,受艾滋病影响人群日益"特殊化"问题也日渐显露,成为制约我国艾滋病防治可持续发展的瓶颈。将艾滋病防治工作融入现行社会体制,是保障艾滋病防治工作可持续发展的关键,据此提出艾滋病防治工作的"常态化"概念以及基层艾滋病防治工作的常态化运行和管理机制。阐述了基层艾滋病防治工作常态化的意义,通过对国外基层艾滋病防治工作常态化成功经验的探讨,为完善我国基层艾滋病防治工作常态化体系提供借鉴。     

HIV母婴传播防治中的现存问题和对策

通过研究分析国内外艾滋病母婴传播的防治情况,了解HIV母婴传播防治中现存的一些的问题,并提出相应的应对措施,为今后HIV母婴传播防治工作中相关政策的制定以及我国如何建立预防艾滋病母婴传播的模式提供参考,以利于HIV母婴传播防治工作的顺利开展和有效进行.     

对建立我国艾滋病防治督导与评估体系的思考

随着我国艾滋病防治工作的持续深入,定期对艾滋病防治工作进行督导与评估越来越重要.但是,到目前为止,我国尚未建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系.通过对建立国家艾滋病防治督导评估体系的必要性、可行性及存在的问题进行分析,围绕如何构建一个统一、综合、有效的督导评估体系提出政策建议.     

HIV母婴传播防治中的现存问题和对策

通过研究分析国内外艾滋病母婴传播的防治情况,了解HIV母婴传播防治中现存的一些的问题,并提出相应的应对措施,为今后HIV母婴传播防治工作中相关政策的制定以及我国如何建立预防艾滋病母婴传播的模式提供参考,以利于HIV母婴传播防治工作的顺利开展和有效进行。     

对建立我国艾滋病防治督导与评估体系的思考

随着我国艾滋病防治工作的持续深入,定期对艾滋病防治工作进行督导与评估越来越重要。但是,到目前为止,我国尚未建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系。通过对建立国家艾滋病防治督导评估体系的必要性、可行性及存在的问题进行分析,围绕如何构建一个统一、综合、有效的督导评估体系提出政策建议。     

自我与他者之间:艾滋病患者的“双重”歧视问题——基于云南L艾滋病防治中心的实证调查

艾滋病歧视是全球面临的共性问题。对云南L艾滋病防治中心进行实证调查,结果显示,艾滋病患者所承受的歧视不仅来自他者,还来自患者自身。他者的歧视是艾滋病歧视的根源,艾滋病患者的自我歧视进一步加固了艾滋病歧视。艾滋病歧视还存在差异性,这种差异共存于艾滋病患者的自我歧视和他者歧视之中。调查结果同时显示,感染途径和性别分别是与艾滋病歧视差异关联度最大的两个因素,在艾滋病歧视消除的研究与工作开展方面,必须重视艾滋病歧视的差异问题。     

论我国艾滋病防治工作中的政府职能

艾滋病是世界性的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。近年来,我国艾滋病的流行呈现快速上升趋势,流行范围广,局部地区疫情相当严重,疫情正在从高危人群向一般人群传播。政府的组织领导是做好我国艾滋病防治工作的根本保证,各级政府要强化政府的公共卫生职责,发挥政府的主导作用,动员足够的防治资源和力量,引导社会各方面力量的广泛参与,打一场防治艾滋病的“人民战争”,我们一定能够控制艾滋病的流行。     

论我国艾滋病防治工作中的政府职能

艾滋病是世界性的重大公共卫生问题和社会问题.近年来,我国艾滋病的流行呈现快速上升趋势,流行范围广,局部地区疫情相当严重,疫情正在从高危人群向一般人群传播.政府的组织领导是做好我国艾滋病防治工作的根本保证,各级政府要强化政府的公共卫生职责,发挥政府的主导作用,动员足够的防治资源和力量,引导社会各方面力量的广泛参与,打一场防治艾滋病的"人民战争",我们一定能够控制艾滋病的流行.     

领导干部防艾意识的调研报告

1998年中国政府在《中国预防控制艾滋病中长期规划》中将艾滋病防治的总目标确定为 :“建立政府领导、多部门合作和全社会参与的艾滋病性病预防和控制体系 ,在全社会普及艾滋病、性病防治知识 ,控制艾滋病的流行与传播”。在保障这一目标实现的诸因素中 ,最重要的是政府领导。如果政府的主要领导干部像《规划》中所预设的 :将“减轻艾滋病给人民健康及国民经济和社会发展带来的危害”作为自己的工作要务之一 ,多部门合作、全社会参与的有效控制艾滋病流行传播的机制就能形成。党和政府的主要领导干部对防治艾滋病及相关问题怎样看 ?2 0 0 1-…     

The Role of the Black Church in HIV Prevention: Exploring Barriers and Best Practices

Black people have the highest rate of HIV/AIDS infection in the USA, and they are less likely to access quality physical and mental healthcare. To address these disparities as outlined in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, there is a need for culturally congruent, innovative approaches to HIV/AIDS prevention. The first multi‐denominational national study of Black faith leaders was conducted utilizing focus groups that were held in 11 US cities. The 265 participants were faith leaders who reported involvement in such prevention practices as sponsoring HIV/AIDS workshops, integrating HIV/AIDS messaging in the worship service, hosting HIV/AIDS screenings, distributing written materials about HIV/AIDS through the bulletin or flyers, pastoral counselling, advocating for policies that provide quality healthcare to the community and disseminating HIV/AIDS prevention messages through new media such as the Church website. These findings, including attention to barriers to engagement, provide insight into innovative practices that can be integrated into faith‐based HIV/AIDS prevention programming. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HIV/AIDS prevention support resourcing with family and peers: University student perspectives

This study explored how students construct family and peers as resources for their HIV prevention. The participants were 20 education students from a South African technology education university (female = 60%, black = 85%; age range = 18 to 24). They completed a semi-structured interview on their access to family and peers talking about HIV/AIDS prevention in the context of perceived cultural influences. The data was thematically analysed using open-coding. Findings suggest that students shared information about HIV/AIDS prevention with peers, and less so with family. They perceived cultural taboos around sex talk to be a barrier to open discussion of HIV/ADS. Students may need to acquire strategies to negotiate HIV/AIDS prevention approaches with family in the context of culture.     

Empathy,Knowledge, and Personal Distress as Correlates of HIV‐/AIDS‐Related Stigmatization and Discrimination

This study investigated the influence of empathy, knowledge, and personal distress on HIV‐/AIDS‐related stigmatization and discrimination in a normal population (N = 346). Participants ranging in age from 18 to 69 years responded to a validated questionnaire. The results showed a significant main and joint influence of empathy, knowledge, and personal distress on stigmatization and discrimination. Stigmatization and discrimination are thus identified as great obstacles in the fight against and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Stakeholders in the HIV/AIDS arena should embark on mass education to increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS; also attitudinal change programs should be initiated, while health institutions should be effectively monitored to ensure best practices.     

AIDS‐Related Stigma in Individuals With Other Stigmatized Identities in the USA: A Review of Layered Stigmas

AIDS‐related stigmas have profound negative impacts on people living with and those affected by HIV/AIDS. While a considerable body of work examines AIDS‐related stigma, it is less clear how AIDS stigmas affect individuals in relation to other stigmatized identities, particularly ethnic minorities. This review examines the literature on AIDS‐related stigma among these groups. The limited available research indicates that AIDS stigmas can seriously interfere with HIV testing, treatment, and care. In addition, prevention studies conducted with incarcerated adolescents, a group characterized by stigmatized identities and high risks for HIV, indicate that interventions for this population do not address stigmatized identities and demonstrate limited effects on risk reduction outcomes. Research is needed to examine stigma in primary prevention of HIV with an at‐risk stigmatized group.     

Perceived Church-Based Needs and Assets for HIV/AIDS Prevention in an Urban Nigerian Community

Health intervention programs have the potential to use church-based assets to address a wide range of health issues. This study examined the assets Nigerian church members believed their churches needed, including the assets they thought they had to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. Eight hundred and thirty members from 83 churches completed a questionnaire designed from forum focus group data. Respondents were males and females aged 18 years old and above, with primary, secondary, university, or vocational education, and were more likely to be married than single (never married), separated, divorced, widowed or remarried. The data revealed that church members needed access to health promotion assets, including the expertise of members who are health professionals to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. We recommend an intensive HIV/AIDS prevention reorientation-training workshop for church leaders to ensure a sustainable plan to address HIV/AIDS prevention needs.     

HIV/AIDS and immigrant Cape Verdean women: Contextualized perspectives of Cape Verdean community advocates

This research explored Cape Verdean community advocates’ understandings of the structural and social realities that contribute to the increased HIV/AIDS risk of Northeastern U.S.-based immigrant Cape Verdean women. A community perspective informed the analysis of the multi-layered contextual barriers that these advocates identified as limiting the effectiveness of individual-level HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention models. Qualitative content analysis of interviews with nine community advocates revealed several thematic clusters including challenges to (1) perceived institutional and community realities; (2) traditional gender relations; and, (3) traditional ways of thinking. These findings challenge universalist cognitive-behavioral change models of HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention and are critically discussed to better understand the complex realities faced by Cape Verdean immigrant women. A liberatory community psychology perspective framed the research process and contributed to reconceptualizing HIV/AIDS risk as a community problem that requires interventions not simply at the individual and relational levels, but also at the structural level.     

Counseling to End an Epidemic: Revisiting the Ethics of HIV/AIDS

In the decades since HIV/AIDS was first identified, medical discoveries have advanced prevention and treatment, and shifting demographics have changed the face of the illness. Despite these changes, the counseling literature on HIV/AIDS and its ethical implications for counselors have remained limited and stagnant. Whereas past discussions have focused primarily on issues of confidentiality, this article addresses multiple ethical implications of HIV/AIDS to reflect current knowledge about the illness and its effects on clients.     

HIV/AIDS Awareness of In—School Adolescents in Nigeria: Implications for Adolescence Sexuality

This study investigated HIV/AIDS awareness of in-school adolescents in Nigeria to determine their risk for contracting HIV/AIDS. A total of 892 purposively selected adolescents (mean age = 16. 5 years; SD = 5. 2; males = 492; females = 400) participated in the study. The participants responded to the HIV/AIDS Awareness Inventory (HAAI). The questions on the survey included the following aspects: meaning of HIV/AIDS; prevalence; mode of transmission; consequences and prevention. Differences in gender, age, school location and father's educational background in understanding HIV risk were examined. A group means comparison procedure revealed a significant difference in HIV awareness by gender, age, school location and father's educational background. Female adolescents, the older adolescents, those living in urban centres and those whose fathers are literate had higher HIV/AIDS awareness than their counterparts from rural areas. Nigerian adolescents need education regarding HIV/AIDS awareness.     

特殊人群艾滋病行为干预的思考

艾滋病直接危害人类的健康,也对社会、政治、经济及人文伦理道德产生重大的负面影响。对艾滋病病人犯罪的监管问题,公安干警的职业暴露问题,都是目前司法实践中遇到的新课题。加强艾滋病患者违法监管,对特殊群体进行行为干预,是司法结构急待解决问题。