When They Come in Crowds: Charity Appeals and Moral Fatigue

Abstract

The present research examined the effect of exposure to multiple charity appeals on a range of variables that are strongly predictive of moral behavior in two lab experiments. Using videos (Experiment 1; N?=?75) and posters (Experiment 2, N?=?62) from charitable organizations, the present findings demonstrate that exposure to multiple charity appeals (but not few charity appeals or exposure to multiple commercials) lead to moral fatigue, expressed in a breakdown of empathic accuracy, moral regard, and prosocial intent. Implications of this finding are discussed.     

The Role of Theory and Research in the Practice of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy: If You Build It,They Will Come

Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT), while empirically validated and highly efficacious, does not always have positive results for couples. One factor that may limit the efficacy of this intervention is the way in which therapists are trained to provide this type of therapy. More specifically, there is a need for therapists to gain a solid foundation in CBCT theory in order to maximize treatment results. This paper presents an argument for why an understanding of theory is necessary for therapists in treating couples. Then, this paper presents our training model and how we integrate theory into our training of both graduate student therapists and more experienced clinicians. We take the stance that “if you build it, they will come.”     

They that mourn

Summary Grief is a universal phenomenon. It most notably occurs following a loss by death, but may occur following any separation. It is a definite psychiatric syndrome with a characteristic onset, course, duration, and termination. The normal period of acute grief is from six to twelve weeks, and the normal grief reaction is completed within two years. The process by which the bereaved comes to accept the separation from the loved one and to readjust to the environment in which the deceased is missing is called the grief work. The more actively one engages in the grief work, the shorter the period of grief. The physican and the minister should help the bereaved to engage actively in the grief work; the principles of doing this are presented.     

They Need to be Different, They Feel Happier in Authentizotic Climates

The study shows how the perceptions of six authentizotic climate dimensions (spirit of camaraderie, trust and credibility of the leaders, open and frank communication with the leaders, opportunities for learning and personal development, fairness/justice, and work-family conciliation) interact with the need for uniqueness (NFU) in predicting affective well-being (AWB) at work. Participants are 342 individuals, all young graduate engineers participating in a course on ethics and deontology. Both the perceptions of authentizotic climates and the NFU predict unique variance of AWB. Perceptions of authentizotic climates (excepting work-family conciliation) interact with NFU in predicting AWB: (a) the relationship between perceptions of authentizotic climates and AWB is stronger when NFU is greater; (b) the relationship between NFU and AWB is stronger when perceptions of authentizotic climates are more positive.     

They Wear the Mask

Abstract

Interpersonal violence represents a serious health risk for African American male adolescents, especially those in urban environments. Given the nature of potentially high-stress inner-city contexts, perhaps it is not surprising that many young Black males engage in hypermasculine behavior, particularly aggression, to cope and earn respect from peers. Using theoretical frameworks that appreciate cultural, developmental, and gender differences, this study examines relationships between the hypervulnerable qualities of depression, rejection sensitivity, and fear and the hypermasculine outcome of aggression among young Black males in a remedial disciplinary context. Results suggested that depression and rejection sensitivity significantly correlated with anger- and aggression-related responses and can be argued to be potential exacerbators of aggression among these youth. Implications for anti-aggression intervention efforts with young Black males in urban contexts are discussed.     

When Russians Come to Therapy

In this article, a California-based Russian-speaking therapist, with experience working with Russian clients, both in Russia and with immigrants in the United States, shares her knowledge and experiences and introduces the culture and the specific traits and beliefs that the Russian clients brought with them to the United States. Dr. Shain, a psychotherapist who has had many years of experience working with Russian-speaking immigrant families at San Fernando Valley Community Mental Health Center, Inc, California, provides an extensive literature review and results of his research. Ms. Leipzig points out the importance of developing a flexible method while working with Russian clients and cites an experience of Daniel Panitz, a prominent New York clinician and program developer, whose efforts brought significant understanding in selecting therapeutic methods for Russian immigrant clients.     

Where Philosophical Intuitions Come From

Little is known about the aetiology of philosophical intuitions, in spite of their central role in analytic philosophy. This paper provides a psychological account of the intuitions that underlie philosophical practice, with a focus on intuitions that underlie the method of cases. I argue that many philosophical intuitions originate from spontaneous, early-developing, cognitive processes that also play a role in other cognitive domains. Additionally, they have a skilled, practiced, component. Philosophers are expert elicitors of intuitions in the dialectical context of professional philosophy. If this analysis is correct, this should lead to a reassessment of experimental philosophical studies of expertise.     

Ethnic Minority Psychologists: Whom They Mentor and Benefits They Derive From the Process

Ethnic minority psychologists were found to be prolific mentors of both ethnic minority and European American protégés. Mentoring benefits were not related to ethnic similarity.     

If We Build It,They Will Come: Exploring Policy and Practice Implications of Public Support for Couple and Relationship Education for Lower Income and Relationally Distressed Couples

Over the past decade, public funding for Couple and Relationship Education programs has expanded. As program administrators have been able to extend their reach to low‐income individuals and couples using this support, it has become apparent that greater numbers of relationally distressed couples are attending classes than previously anticipated. Because psychoeducational programs for couples have traditionally served less distressed couples, this dynamic highlights the need to examine the policy and practice implications of more distressed couples accessing these services. This paper reviews some of the most immediate issues, including screening for domestic violence and couple needs, pedagogical considerations, and the potential integration of therapy and education services. We also make suggestions for future research that can inform policy and practice efforts.     

Giving Wrongdoers What They Deserve

Retributivist approaches to the philosophy of punishment are usually based on certain claims related to moral desert. I focus on one such principle:

Censuring Principle (CP): There is a moral reason to censure guilty wrongdoers aversively.

Principles like CP are often supported by the construction of examples similar to Kant’s ‘desert island’. These are meant to show that there is a reason for state officials to punish deserving wrongdoers, even if none of the familiar goals of punishment, such as deterrence, will be achieved. When suitable variants of such examples are presented, however, it is evident that there cannot be much reason to punish such wrongdoers, even if there is some. The same problem besets claims that there is intrinsic value in the suffering of wrongdoers, or that wrongdoers deserve to suffer. All such claims are relatively weak normatively.