Hermann von Helmholtz and the empiricist vision.

The philosophical convictions of Hermann von Helmholtz and the empiricist psychology he developed have been extensively discussed in historical literature. This literature has not usually emphasized the tacti assumptions about human physiology that underlaid these convictions nor the way in which Helmholtz's epistemology served as a methodological directive in his research. Helmholtz assumed nerve transmission between sense organs and the mind to be a passive process. Distortion in stimulus patterns occurs physically in the sense organs, which can therefore be treated through mechanical analogies. Stimuli become converted to the perceptions of consciousness through mental processes that are essentially analogous to conscious, inductive inference and that are therefore susceptible, in principle, to introspective investigation. This view of mental function reflected Helmholtz's intellectual debt to German idealism, especially to the philosophical views of J.G. Fichte.     

Beleuchtung von anwendungen der logistik in werken von Rudolf Carnap

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zum Stand der forensischen und forensisch-psychiatrischen Nachsorge in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Daten aus der sog. Pfingstabfrage 2013)

In 2007 forensic aftercare was integrated into the German Penal Code as part of legal supervision. Since then a large and growing number of patients have been supervised by forensic psychiatric aftercare units throughout Germany. Due to the federal system in Germany the system of forensic aftercare has developed differently in the 16 federal states. The number of patients looked after varies widely and the implementation of several legal norms also differs from state to state. This article gives an overview of the situation of forensic aftercare in the different German federal states and presents some specific characteristics of the development.     

Der Einsatz von Hausaufgaben in der Psychotherapie

Homework is not only an essential part of cognitive-behavioral treatment but is also used in a variety of other therapy approaches. Its positive relation to therapy outcome has been proved. In consequence, patients’ compliance with homework assignments is an important therapeutic goal. In the last years, numerous papers focused on recommendations for enhancing acceptance and completion of homework assignments. The present article provides an overview about existing recommendations. Proposals are summarized and opposed to empirical studies on single homework procedures and their influence on homework compliance. Due to a lack of empirical data, the effectiveness of most recommendations could not yet be proved. General problems in homework study design and possible directions of further research addressing homework use are discussed.     

Goethes und Schopenhauers Stellung in der Geschichte der Lehre von den Gesichtsempfindungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Kombination von Settings und Verfahren in der Psychotherapie

Literature research and own clinical experiences confirm the significance of a combined use of settings and methods in the area of inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy. For inpatient treatment, the combined use of methods, such as individual psychotherapy, group therapy, creative therapies, and sport, are an essential part of the treatment. In outpatient treatment, the regulations of the German insurance do not permit such combinations. Nevertheless, they occur and are often proactively initiated by the patients. The various combined use of psychotherapy and psychotropics is very well studied, but also the combination of settings, i.e. supplementary inpatient treatment, day treatment, and outpatient treatment have to be considered. While administering their therapies, psychotherapists should keep in mind possibly concurrently ongoing treatments as well as former therapies and their effects on the patients. With the exception of combinations with psychotropic treatment, there exist almost no empirical data in this important field.     

Zur Bedeutung von Gruppenleitern in der gruppenpsychotherapeutischen Weiterbildung

Training in group therapy is fundamentally based on self-experience in groups. The importance of the model character of the group leader's role has hardly been subject to empirical research in spite of its highly qualified and specialized requirements. In order to ensure process quality in group therapy training, the effects of the leader's model on the reported learning effects of 413 members in 35 short-term Process (self-awareness) and so-called Special Interest (thematically focused) groups of the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) were investigated. The first two sessions out of four were investigated by process questionnaires focusing on self-experience, experience of the group atmosphere and subjective impressions of the group leaders' performances. These process variables were later correlated with the overall learning impression after all four sessions. It turned out that particularly those group leaders' styles and attitudes had a strong positive correlation with favourable learning effects, that were decisive and charismatic instead of vague and that group leaders who were experienced by group members as predominantly indecisive, vague and less charismatic were in spite of the fact of being seen as competent and skillful produced weak learning effects. Results are discussed in the light of the need of neophyte group therapists to identify with a leader model promising to provide authority and sovereignity even prior to competence and empathy given the anticipatory fear regarding possible critical group dynamics in future therapy groups.     

从概念到理念:黑格尔概念论的逻辑展开

黑格尔的逻辑学绝不是无现实意义的诡辩,它不仅具有古希腊辩证法的思想来源,而且将之提升为一种现代逻辑,可被视为自身规定的奠基性哲学方案,并且为现代自由概念建立了基础。逻辑学包括存在论、本质论和概念论三部分,三者皆具有举足轻重的地位,但概念论才是黑格尔逻辑学的重心和最深层的领域,可以说是逻辑真理的策源地,有必要在当代哲学语境下重新解读。文章首先考察作为逻辑学核心与密码的"概念自身",然后重构概念论中从概念通向理念的逻辑理路,最后探讨作为主观性与客观性绝对统一之理念的逻辑结构及其向自然领域的过渡,以此来革新研究界对黑格尔概念论的诠释。     

Die Wahrnehmung von Bewegungen in der Gegend des blinden Flecks

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 9 Abbildungen im Text.     

Excursions in Rorschachlandia: Surveying the scientific and philosophical landscape of Hermann Rorschach's Psychodiagnostics

This article examines the milieu of Hermann Rorschach's Psychodiagnostics (1921/2021) under development between 1911 and his death in 1922 and explores new evidence about the direction Rorschach's test might have taken after publication of Psychodiagnostics. This includes direct and indirect influences from turn of the century continental philosophy and science and innovative colleagues in the Swiss psychiatric and psychoanalytic societies. The availability of newly translated scholarship, including the correspondence between Ludwig Binswanger and Hermann Rorschach following the 1921 publication of Psychodiagnostics, Binswanger's posthumous 1923 commentary in the International Journal of Psychoanalysis, and recent new translation of Psychodiagnostics, permits a fresh appraisal of the milieu and foundations of Rorschach's development. Understanding these sources and influences opens new vistas in reappraising the nature of Rorschach's “test theory” which Rorschach considered undeveloped at the time of his death. This paper presents new evidence that, under the influence of Rorschach's close colleague, Ludwig Binswanger, the Geisteswissenschaften and phenomenology might have figured prominently in future developments. The paper concludes that Rorschach, preoccupied with considerations of kinesthetic subjectivity in his innovative conceptualization of human movement responses, was a nascent phenomenologist whose untimely death cut short further developments in his theory of the test.