La mémoire d’une pièce d’Euro

An experiment was done to determine how completely and accurrately French people remember the visual details of coins newly introduced in Europe, french Euro coins. The variables manipulated are the age of the subjects (20–29; 30–39; 40–49; 50–59 years old), delay after the introduction of the new coins (1 month, 4 months, 1 year), the type of coin (2 cents, 50 cents, 1 Euro) and the characteristics of the coins (operative versus figurative). Three main results emerged from this experiment. Firstly, performance was poor. Secondly, results are consistent with the idea that the visual details of an object are typically available from memory to the extent that they are useful in everyday life. Thirdly, recall performance does not depend on age, type of coin and delay of introduction of the new coins.     

Un cadre psychosocial d’intervention pour accompagner le développement et le déploiement d’une technologie nouvelle

This article presents a psychosocial intervention framework to support the development and deployment of a new technology. This methodology articulates the three phases necessary for the study of the representation of the use and its evolutions (i.e., the usual trajectory): acceptability, acceptance and appropriation. After an argumentative presentation of the methodological choices made, the article continues with the presentation of an example of accompaniment carried out within the framework of the IDViandes project aimed at the development of a traceability device for meat containers Of slaughter within the company SVA Jean-Rozé, subsidiary of the Intermarché group. This example argues in favor of the idea that the use of such a method makes it possible to optimize the successful accompaniment of the development of a technology and thus ensure its future diffusion.     

L’annonce d’un décès en milieu hospitalier

Announcing a death is always a delicate moment for close familial members but also for caregivers. Law gives some precisions about how this information must be delivered. Recently the state council judged that the lack of empathy from caregivers and the late of the death announcement can create a damage. This judgement gives more precisions about how a death announcement must be in a hospital. This topic is pretty similar with the information which must be given to close familial members about organ donation. This latter is definitely more exceptional and the procedure is a way more regulated. There are much rules which explain how this information must be delivered.     

La création d’animaux chimères porteurs d’organes humains

Generate a human organ in an animal in order to elaborate a stock of available organs for transplantation… This is not the scenario of a science fiction movie but the result of the hard work of some researchers convinced of the feasibility of this major innovation. If the interest of this discovery is undeniable, it generates also many ethical and legal questions.     

Les autorisations d’équipements lourds d’imagerie médicale : un désordre organisé

Medical imaging is essential for all medical specialties and it is natural that the government wants to create a real healthcare provision policy in this area. Medical imaging and particularly the “heavy” equipment are subject to a regulatory and legal framework. This framework results in respect of administrative authorization mechanism. These authorizations are a major tool for development of medical imaging on French territory. This mechanism is an important instrument of economic regulation in controlling health costs. However, the access to this kind of equipment raises various issues in governance and administration but also in matter of economic regulation, distribution of healthcare supply in medical imaging in health territories and respect of public health issues. The authorization mechanism raises questionings, not only at national and regional level in terms of unequal access, but also at European and international level. Indeed, France is among the last countries in the ranking of CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) equipment rates in comparison with many OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. Now, these authorizations will integrate much more the concepts of accessibility and quality of patient care. The legal and regulatory framework of these authorizations will have to evolve and to adapt to new technologies and practices, which today should be a source of significant cost savings.     

Réflexions d’un médecin expert et d’un juriste autour d’un exercice pratique de droit médical

We offer a reflection around a clinical case of nosocomial infection allowing us to address the difficulties faced by experts and lawyers and other jurists in matters of medical liability. This case is the result of an exercise proposed within the framework of the national DIU (interuniversity diploma) in medical accidents for which the two authors are responsible in Amiens and Bordeaux. The writing was enriched with the responses of the students. This clinical case makes it possible to approach the compensation for nosocomial infections, to compare the amicable procedure before the conciliation and compensation commission for medical accidents and the procedure before a judicial or administrative jurisdiction. Finally, the reflection focuses on patient information, especially protected adult, and access to the medical file. It is not a question here of detailing the medical care but of discussing medical responsibility and the rights of the patients.     

L’attitude défaitiste des responsables d’équipe : un frein à l’innovation?

The goal of this study is to investigate the role of defeatist attitude in regard to process innovation by considering the mediating role of group potency and the moderating effect of collective autonomy. Data was gathered from 101 work teams (381 members and 101 immediate supervisors) in a public safety organization located in Canada. Results show that group potency may have a mediating role in the relationship between defeatist attitude and process innovation. Moreover, results indicate that the relationship between group potency and process innovation is moderated by collective autonomy, such that this relationship is stronger when the level of collective autonomy is high.     

Validation d’une échelle d’évaluation multi-dimensionnelle de l’illusion de contrôle dans les jeux de hasard et d’argent (EEMDIC)

IntroductionThe illusion of control is widely accepted as a key factor in the gambling behaviors. A polysemic concept, its theoretical definition remains debatable, however, and the multitude of measures used to account for it makes it difficult to compare the results of research on it.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to clarify what the illusion of control is and to provide a measure that captures what it is.MethodBy considering the two valences, positive (focusing on gains) and negative (focusing on losses), relating to gambling cognitions, two subscales were thus subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the data collected from 482 participants (82.78% of women, M_age = 36.5, SD_age = 12.31).ResultsThe results reveal that a 4-factor solution (absolute luck/series law; skills, knowledge and strategies; superstitious rituals and behaviours; personal luck/misfortune) allows us to describe the sample data for each of the two subscales. Polynomial regressions with response surface analyses make the case for presenting the two subscales simultaneously (matrix format). These analyses also show that the illusion of control is linked to gambling habits through the interaction of positive and negative valences. In particular, individuals gamble more frequently when they simultaneously attribute more their winnings and less their losses to luck.ConclusionsThe usefulness of this new tool, which addresses the illusion of control by a direct measurement of its dimensions and an indirect measurement of its affective structure, is discussed both in terms of research and practice, since it would make it possible to orient care.     

Modulation de l’expression de l’identité professionnelle par l’utilisation d’appellations synonymes : « chômeur », « demandeur d’emploi » et « chercheur d’emploi »

The present research aimed to investigate whether and how terminology influences the expression of the self-concept, as well as that of the representation of others. More precisely, this paper explores, in the context of unemployment, how the words “unemployed person”, “job enquirer” and “jobseeker” can enhance the expression of the professional self concept and that of the representation of others. The Multistage Investigator of Social Identity method (IMIS; Zavalloni & Louis-Guérin, 1984) has been implemented to collect data from the French employment services. As expected, results provided evidence that the terminology used modulates professional identity expression; such that the words “unemployed person” and “job enquirer” lead individuals to unfavorably describe and perceive themselves. On the other hand, the designation “job seeker” helps them to put forward positive components of their professional self- concept and a less negative representation of others. These findings are discussed by stressing the relevance of using a terminology that does not stigmatize individuals and therefore avoids the disengagement from the job-seeking process.     

Facteurs d’invention,de dissémination et de diffusion d’une innovation : leçons d’une triple étude de cas

The aim of this article is to identify the factors facilitating the invention, dissemination and diffusion phases of the innovation process. An action-research was conducted in a hospital setting using mixed methods (participant observation, interviews and questionnaires). A triple case study illustrated the invention of a change management methodology, its dissemination using an interactive learning strategy and its diffusion within and outside the organization. Ten factors from various research traditions emerged. No model was able to explain all factors facilitating one phase. Phases of the innovation process were carried out dynamically, as a continuously reactivated process.     

Traduction et validation française du questionnaire d’acceptation et d’action (AAQ-II)

Avoidance of painful psychological experience has been chosen as the prime target by several new therapeutic approaches derived from cognitive and behavioral therapies. Attempts to suppress unpleasant emotional events lead to a loss of psychological flexibility strongly correlated with a significant number and variety of psychological disorders. These new therapeutic approaches attempt to increase acceptance in order to decrease this psychological rigidity. Among these approaches, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) measures psychological flexibility by mean of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), which presents good psychometric properties. A French version of the AAQ-II was evaluated in a group of 210 control subjects and 118 patients with anxiety disorders or depression. The French version of the AAQ-II presents good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.76–0.82). Its concurrent validity and construct validity appear strong. The questionnaire is reliable in test–retest evaluation. The one-factor structure of the French version of the AAQ-II reproduces the structure of the original version. These results ensure the use of the French version of the AAQ-II in research as well as in clinical practice.     

La construction de compétences d’étudiants en soins infirmiers lors d’un apprentissage par simulation : étude au cours d’un exercice de prise en charge d’un arrêt cardiorespiratoire

Our study focuses on the professionalization process in nursing students. More specifically, it aims to understand how each step of simulation in nursing education contributes to skills development in nursing students. In total, forty-seven students participated in this study. All the learners were first year students and answered anonymously, at the four stages of the research process, to a questionnaire consisting of six questions to measure their opinion on the acquisition of skills during a learning session based on simulation. Each question was built on one of the six forms of knowledge defined by Le Boterf, 1997, Le Boterf, 2007, Le Boterf, 2011 in his theoretical model of competence. The results show that each stage of the simulation training significantly modifies the students’ opinion on the different forms of knowledge they have acquired. Moreover, the debriefing, that is an essential part of simulation learning, proves to be the most complex stage given the multiple psycho-cognitive and emotional processes involved.     

Restaurer les liens détruits. À propos d’un dispositif de soins dans un village victime d’un massacre collectif

The terrorism, such as Algeria knew it, is organized with main objective the destruction of the whole society. Indeed, through the committed atrocities, the attacks and the collective massacres it is the whole population that lives under the terror. The murders and the destruction of highly symbolic places such as houses, schools which represent in fact the “packaging” of a community are going to favor the destruction of the family links and the community links. The answer to face this situation can only be collective within the framework of a collective approach and of a practice of network.     

L’équipe paramédicale à l’hôpital psychiatrique : Retentissement actuel d’une évolution de deux décennies Analyse d’un entretien de supervision

At the advent of the reform of nursing education in France, this study attempts to give an overview of changes in the work practices of nurses and the employment of nurse’s aides in psychiatric wards of hospitals. Based on the assumption that interaction acts as an interface between the individual on one side and collective systems on the other, the authors approach this issue by analyzing a supervisory meeting of a caregiving team in a psychiatric hospital.     

Identification des facteurs de charge mentale de travail des conseillers en centre d’appels à l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs

This article offers a new perspective on the working conditions of teleworkers. Thus, the originality of this study lies in the use and operationalization of the ICA model (Galy, 2017) for the analysis of verbatims and the categorization of factors influencing the quality of work life, based on the realization of semi-structured interviews. The results, on the one hand, validate the reference model in a qualitative way and, on the other hand, show that the individual interpretation of each employee is necessary to be able to categorize the factors influencing each of the dimensions of mental workload. Thus, we propose to add a cognitive evaluation module to the theoretical model, in order to refine the conceptualization of mental workload.     

Comment favoriser l’anticipation positive d’un déménagement organisationnel chez des salariés ? Test d’un modèle psychosocio-environnemental

French academic research on organizational relocation is scarce. This study aimed to explore how positive attitudes can be developed before organizational relocation using a psycho-social environmental model. More specifically, this paper analyzes the impact of workplace attachment and socio-professional support on anticipated satisfaction with relocation and the mediating role of the agreement with the top management decision to move. We conducted an empirical study with a sample of 119 employees of an audiovisual company based in France. Results show that anticipated satisfaction with relocation was inhibited by workplace attachment and facilitated by socio-professional support. Moreover, agreement with the change decision to move mediated these relationships.     

Tables of d’ for detection and localization

A detection and localization (DAL) procedure (Hershman and Lichtenstein, 1967) is one in which at most one of k noisy observation intervals contains a signal. The observer must detect the signal (if present) and locate it in the proper interval. Tables are given for the extraction of d’ values from the percentage of correct responses made in such experiments.