梅洛-庞蒂与自然

自然课程与梅洛-庞蒂对本体论突破所做的修正相符合,因此发挥了重要的作用。他把对自然的追问深植于知觉现象学之后的思想运动中。在他看来,知觉现象学所通向的对语言表达的分析展现了意义作为建制(institution)的定义,梅洛-庞蒂将它理解为使表达自得(appropriation expressive)的开放系列肇始的东西。正是这种建制理论使对被感知事物的分析转向自然反思的方向:被感知事物是区别于被制定的事物(l institué)的自然事物。自然是"非构造的,非制定的",因此是表达的源泉。本文认为以下四个命题可以用来概括自然哲学:(1)"全体并不比部分更不真实";(2)存在一种否定的实在,因此在存在和虚无之间不存在二择一;(3)自然事件并不具有惟一的时空定域;(4)只有作为发生性的普遍性。     

Merleau-Ponty and Epistemology Engines

One of us coined the notion of an “epistemology engine.” The idea is that some particular technology in its workings and use is seen suggestively as a metaphor for the human subject and often for the production of knowledge itself. In this essay, we further develop the conceptand claim that Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological commitments, although suggestive, did not lead him to appreciate the epistemological value of materiality. We also take steps towards establishing how an understanding of this topic can provide the basis for reinterpreting the history of phenomenology.