Anatomy Responses in the Rorschach Test

Investigated medical and psychological help-seeking attitudes and behaviors as a function of liberal-conservative attitudes toward women. Subjects participated in a structured interview concerning their attitudes toward and experiences with physicians and psychotherapists, and completed the Attitudes toward Women Scale. Compared to conservatives, liberals readily seek mental health services, stay in psychotherapy longer, and have relatively negative attitudes toward physicians in general. Conservatives endorse positive attitudes toward seeking psychological help but are less likely to visit a psychotherapist for psychological problems and more likely to have a physician available to consult about medical problems. The study suggests differential help-seeking tendencies among liberals and conservatives for medical and psychological problems, and affirms the utility of the Attitudes toward Women Scale in predicting such tendencies.     

Rorschach Responses as an Index of Narcissism

A two-part study was conducted to investigate the uniqueness and interpretive meaning-fulness of Rorschach reflection responses. In Part I, 80 Rorschach protocols were collected from overt homosexuals, character disorders, depressed patients recently suicidal, and a control group of college students. Homosexuals and sociopaths gave significantly more reflection and C and CF responses than did either of the other two groups. In Part 2 of the investigation two groups of 40 subjects each were selected from a population of college students and industrial workers on the basis of their score on a sentence completion test, especially devised to focus on the self. The high narcissism group gave a significantly greater number of reflection responses, pair type responses, and C and CF responses than did the low narcissism group.     

Rorschach Content Responses of East Indian Psychiatric Patients

The Rorschach protocols of 228 resident and outpatients of a psychiatric institute in India were examined for content differences on the basis of differential diagnosis. Ss were of both sexes, between 18 and 55 years and East Indian. Different categories of patients tended to select content of a specific nature. Only clinical impressions are reported but they are compared and contrasted with the existing literature on Rorschach content. They point up the long neglected significance of content variables for diagnosis and the study of personality.     

Intra-Protocol Plate Failures: An Investigation of Rorschach Card Meaning

Thirty-three Ss were found who had IQs of average or better, but who nevertheless exhibited exactly two failures on the Rorschach. Analysis of the pairs of card rejections revealed a disproportionate number of card IX failures and a clustering among plates IV, VI, VII and IX.     

Responses of Comparable White and Negro Adults to the Rorschach Test

Five groups of 20 Ss each, ranging from seven years to college age, were asked to solve a series of problems involving change-making and coin equivalences. Results indicated that the number of Ss able to make change without the use of written calculations increased as a consequence of chronological age, with the greatest increase occurring between 11 and 13 years of age. In addition, it was found that although children at all levels knew the various coin equivalences, younger children used primarily dimes and pennies in making change, whereas older children used all of the coins available. This was interpreted to mean that coin equivalences are probably learned as specific stimulus-response pairs, and that in making change younger children use untransformed base 10 units, such as pennies and dimes, largely because the computational demands placed by change-making operations force them to minimize the number of noncomputational transformations used.     

Relation of Creativity and Sex to Rorschach M Responses

In an attempt to relate the Rorschach M productivity with sex, creativity and test-identified psychosexual orientation of the respondent, the M responses of female and male normal, creative male and female, “non-masculine” male and “non-feminine” female Ss [N = 140] were analyzed. It was revealed that (a) high M productivity was associated with creativity, feminity in males, and with the female sex, (b) sex-differences in the creative Ss, as well as masculinity in females was not associated with statistically significant differences in M productivity. These findings were accounted for mainly in terms of differential sex-role demands and the female sex's effort to overcome indirectly the socio-cultural restrictions.     

Responses of schizophrenics and nonpatients to a tachistoscopic presentation of the Rorschach

Three groups of 36 subjects each, two of nonpsychiatric subjects and one of first admission schizophrenics, were administered the Rorschach tachistoscopically. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups to permit a variation in exposure times for the blots. Intervals of 200ms, 400ms, and 600ms were used; however, the differences in exposure times did not produce significant differences within any of the groups. Thus, the data were compared by groups. The results indicate no significant differences across the groups for accuracy of from (X + %). The schizophrenic group did give significantly more Special Scores related to cognitive slippage. They also gave a much higher proportion of pure form responses and substantially more card rejections than either of the nonpsychiatric groups. The results are discussed in the context of research on information processing and the early operations in the Rorschach response process.     

Children's Expression of Like-Dislike and Their Responses to Color in the Rorschach

In a study of retarded readers the Rorschach was administered to 24 children, average age 11.0, average WISC IQ 95.0. Of the 24 subjects, 18 chose a color card as their “most liked card” and 17 specifically mentioned color as their reason for doing so. Yet 11 of them had not used color as a Main or Additional Determinant for the card in question. It is concluded that the absence of color responses does not denote the absence of conscious responsiveness to color in a child.     

Sex-Typed Responses in the Rorschach Protocols of Children With Gender Identity Disorder

A coding system was developed to measure sex-typed responses in the Rorschach protocols of children with gender identity disorder (n = 79). Their responses were compared to that of sibling (n = 25), psychiatric (n = 26), and normal (n = 28) controls. Results show that children with gender identity disorder gave significantly more cross-sex responses than same-sex responses, whereas the psychiatric and normal controls gave significantly more same-sex responses than cross-sex responses. The siblings did not differ in the number of same-sex and cross-sex responses. Results are discussed with regard to various assessment issues in the study of children with gender identity disorder.     

Adjustment for the Total Number of Responses in Calculating the Rorschach Apperception Type

In order to adjust for total responses (R) on the Rorschach, apperception (location) scores arc expressed as percentages of R. An alternative procedure is recommended in which adjustments are the differences between obtained scores and those predicted from the regression of the scores on R. Standardization Ss were 200 male and female normals, ages 20 to 40. Percentages of these Ss falling within certain ranges of adjusted scores are given. Caution is recommended in making inferences about apperception types obtained by extrapolating beyond the range of R in the standardization group. Preliminary results obtained by applying these adjustments to disturbed adult and children's groups suggest that the distributions of adjusted scores tend to approximate the score distribution of the standardization group.     

An Effect on Rorschach M Responses of a Boy's Relationship with his Mother

Summary: This paper is concerned with testing the hypothesis that children who have good relationships with their parents will more often give M responses to the Rorschach than will children whose relationships with their parents are not good. The sample consisted of 20 boys who were divided into two groups according to the number of their M responses. Their relations with their parents were tested by the Family Relations Test, The results supported only the hypothesis with regard to the boys, relationships with their mothers. This seems to indicate that the ability to make M responses develops at an early age when the relationship with mother is of overwhelming importance.     

Effects of Environmental Stimulation on the M,FM, and m Responses in the Rorschach

The Rorschach was administered twice to 20 young male subjects in its usual clinical form with an interval of about a year between tests. The second administration was carried out on board ship under conditions of a severe storm, which is assumed to have provided marked movement stimulation. The difference between the tests was analyzed for variation in the total number of responses, and number of human movement, animal movement, and inanimate movement responses. It was hypothesised that since M and FM responses reflect basic personality characteristics or attitudes, no change in their appearance should occur even under severe environmental stimulation. The m response, however, was expected to reflect the individual's response to stress and therefore to change under the experimental conditions. The results showed no change in the M and FM responses, but a large and significant increase in the m responses. All three hypotheses were thus confirmed.     

On the Relationship between Aggressive Imagery and Thought Disturbance in Rorschach Responses

Two studies were conducted to test the general hypothesis that the expression of aggression in fantasy to one stimulus reduces the probability of occurrence of aggression fantasy to a following stimulus. In both studies the results were contrary to the hypothesis, i.e., probability of an aggression fantasy response did not change to later stimuli. Further, intensity of aggression response increased as a function of the ordinal position of the fantasy eliciting stimulus and the fantasy of aggression pull of a given stimulus was significantly influenced by the sequence of preceding stimuli. Discrepancies between these results and those of other studies are discussed in terms of aroused versus base levels of aggression drive.     

Perceptual Robustness of the Nonrelationship Between Psychopathology and Popular Responses on the Hand Test and the Rorschach

A Hand Test Popular response is developed using 106 normal subjects and Rorschach's traditional "one-in-three" criterion. Six popular responses were derived. Neither the newly established Hand Test Popular response nor the Korschach Popular discriminated psychosis from nonpsychosis. but as expected, Rorschach X+% and Rorschach WSum6 were significant, and the Hand Test Bizarre (BIZ) score approached significance. Both the Rorschach Popular and the newly developed Hand Test Popular await further elucidation.     

Significance of a Preponderance of Human Movement Responses on the Rorschach in Children Below Age Ten

Abstract

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