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Eye and hand movements can adapt to a variety of sensorimotor discordances. Studies on adaptation of movement directions suggest that the oculomotor and the hand motor system access the same adaptive mechanism related to the polarity of a discordance, because concurrent adaptations to opposite directed discordances strongly interfere. The authors scrutinized whether participants adapt their hand and eye movements to opposite directions (clockwise/counterclockwise) when both motor systems are alternatingly exposed to opposite directed double steps, and whether such adaptation is influenced by the allocation of effector to adaptation direction. The results showed that hand and eye movements adapted to opposite directions, but adaptation was biased to the counterclockwise direction. Aftereffects emerged nearly unbiased and independently for both motor systems. The authors conclude that the oculomotor and the hand motor system use independent mechanisms when they adapt to opposite polarities, although they interact during adaptation or concurrent performance. 相似文献
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Uta Sailer Thomas Eggert Jochen Ditterich Andreas Straube 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(1):23-32
The authors investigated whether and, if so, how velocity information is used to control predictive manual pointing movements and saccades. Participants (N = 6) intercepted an occluded moving target as if it were still visible. They kept their eyes fixated while the target moved. The target traveled over a fixed distance and changed its velocity on the way. The presentation time of the final velocity was varied. Both the eye and the hand overshot the slow target and undershot the fast target, particularly when the duration of the final velocity was short. Thus, responses were biased in the direction of the target's initial velocity. The error seemed to arise because participants did not take their latency into account when aiming at the target. Instead, they strategically aimed farther ahead when the target was fast. Amplitude was also more related to the position of velocity change than to final velocity duration. Both findings suggest that target velocity is not extrapolated but that individuals add an increment to the position of velocity change. 相似文献
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The authors used a stimulus-response compatibility paradigm to assess the effect of changing the estimated time to obstacle contact. A limb-selection cue was presented in different phases of gait to young (n = 5) and to older (n = 4) adults while they were moving toward a foam obstacle in the walking path. A downward saccade was initiated after the cue; the saccade typically occurred during the stance phase of the target limb (the foot cued to lead the step over the obstacle). The mean saccade-step latency after the cue was on the order of ?500 ms in both young and elderly participants. On reaching the obstacle, both groups generated an upward saccade approximately ?300 ms before target footlift in both groups. Saccades following the limb-selection cue appeared to direct the gaze toward footfall targets just beyond the obstacle, whereas saccades generated just before obstacle footlift moved the gaze to the forward-looking direction. The elderly had significantly longer saccade-trailing-footlift latencies and prolonged gaze-fixation times than did the younger adults. Transient disruptions in optical flow appeared to be necessary for successful obstacle-avoidance behavior when there was an unexpected change in the estimated time to obstacle contact. 相似文献
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Travis H. Turner Jenna B. Renfroe Amy Duppstadt-Delambo Vanessa K. Hinson 《Journal of motor behavior》2017,49(6):657-667
Speed and control of saccades are related to disease progression and cognitive functioning in Parkinson's disease (PD). Traditional eye-tracking complexities encumber application for individual evaluations and clinical trials. The authors examined psychometric properties of standalone tasks for reflexive prosaccade latency, volitional saccade initiation, and saccade inhibition (antisaccade) in a heterogeneous sample of 65 PD patients. Demographics had minimal impact on task performance. Thirty-day test–retest reliability estimates for behavioral tasks were acceptable and similar to traditional eye tracking. Behavioral tasks demonstrated concurrent validity with traditional eye-tracking measures; discriminant validity was less clear. Saccade initiation and inhibition discriminated PD patients with cognitive impairment. The present findings support further development and use of the behavioral tasks for assessing latency and control of saccades in PD. 相似文献
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自主控制眼跳是眼跳类型之一。自主控制眼跳实验范式为研究各种脑损伤,神经疾病和精神失调提供了一种新的研究手段,为研究眼跳的神经机制以及反应抑制、空间工作记忆等高级认知功能提供了重要的方法。文章介绍了自主控制眼跳的两种实验范式:反向眼跳和记忆导向眼跳,阐述了自主控制眼跳的神经机制及其实验范式的应用,指出自主控制眼跳实验范式为评定精神分裂症等脑功能失调病人的神经功能状态提供了重要的信息,为研究各种脑功能失调和精神疾病提供了重要的研究方法。今后的研究趋势是眼跳研究与神经成像技术和临床观察相结合 相似文献
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对三、六年级22名学障儿童和22名按年龄、性别和受教育水平匹配的正常儿童在内外源提示下的注意表现进行了眼动研究。结果表明:当内源性提示有效性比例较低时,学障和正常儿童的提示效度效应均不明显;当提示目标间隔时间较长时,外源性提示有效性对各组被试的反应时无显著影响;在内外源性提示下,六年级儿童的绩效好于三年级;学障儿童在反应时间、加工速度上和正常儿童没有显著差异,但在加工广度和策略上不如正常儿童。这些结果表明学障儿童的注意定向和相关的认知加工能力与正常儿童有所差异。 相似文献
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This study investigated the influence of hemispheric specialization of function on the motor performance of the hands. Right-handed (n=17), ambidextral (n=21), and ambisinistral (n=12) subjects performed Fitts' (1954) reciprocal tapping task under two conditions with each hand. Conditions had the same index of difficulty but differed in movement precision. The left hand of righthanders was superior in the condition requiring the greatest amount of preprogramming. Conversely, the right hand was not superior in the condition having the greatest demand for feedback control. For ambidextrals, left-hand superiority in the relatively preprogrammed condition was also revealed. Ambisinistrals showed no significant difference between conditions with either hand. The results partially support the hypothesis that the motor performance of the hands mirrors the dominant processing mode of their contralateral hemisphere. Failure to find supportive evidence in ambisinistrals is consistent with the contention that they lack hemispheric specialization of function. 相似文献
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In the present study, 2 related hypotheses were tested: first, that vision is used in a feedforward control mode during precision stepping onto visual targets and, second, that the oculomotor and locomotor control centers interact to produce coordinated eye and leg movements during that task. Participants' (N = 4) eye movements and step cycle transition events were monitored while they performed a task requiring precise foot placement at every step onto irregularly placed stepping stones under conditions in which the availability of visual information was either restricted or intermittently removed altogether. Accurate saccades, followed by accurate steps, to the next footfall target were almost always made even when the information had been invisible for as long as 500 ms. Despite delays in footlift caused by the temporary removal (and subsequent reinstatement) of visual information, the mean interval between the start of the eye movement and the start of the swing toward a target did not vary significantly (p > .05). In contrast, the mean interval between saccade onset away from a target and a foot landing on that target (stance onset) did vary significantly (p < .05) under the different experimental conditions. Those results support the stated hypotheses. 相似文献
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《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(6):561-569
ABSTRACT Hand movements may be anticipatorily planned to reach an immediate target and at the same time facilitate movements to subsequent targets. Researchers have proposed that in anticipatory planning, information about subsequent targets needs to be processed to engage in the planning of the next movement. To test this hypothesis, the authors varied the information 48 participants had about to-be-executed two-step hand and finger movement sequences prior to a choice reaction signal. Movements were initialized faster if participants had advance information about the second target of the sequence than if participants had no advance information at all. The results imply that movement segments to late targets in a movement sequence may be at least partially planned, even if information about earlier targets is not yet available. 相似文献
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Readers' Eye Movements Distinguish Anomalies of Form and Content 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Evidence is presented that eye-movement patterns during reading distinguish costs associated with the syntactic processing of sentences from costs associated with relating sentence meaning to real world probabilities. Participants (N = 30) read matching sets of sentences that differed by a single word, making the sentence syntactically anomalous (but understandable), pragmatically anomalous, or non-anomalous. Syntactic and pragmatic anomaly each caused perturbations in eye movements. Subsequent to the anomaly, the patterns diverged. Syntactic anomaly generated many regressions initially, with rapid return to baseline. Pragmatic anomaly resulted in lengthened reading times, followed by a gradual increase in regressions that reached a maximum at the end of the sentence. Evidence of rapid sensitivity to pragmatic information supports the use of timing data in resolving the debate over the autonomy of linguistic processing. The divergent patterns of eye movements support indications from neurocognitive studies of a principled distinction between syntactic and pragmatic processing procedures within the language processing mechanism. 相似文献
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返回抑制与情绪注意偏向是研究视觉注意的两个视角,二者的优先性一直存在争议。本研究采用线索—靶子范式,在靶子位置呈现情绪图片,结合眼动技术,对整体反应时进行分解,探讨情绪信息与实验任务相关条件下的返回抑制和情绪注意偏向。结果发现:返回抑制效应出现;情绪信息与实验任务的相关性影响了个体对情绪信息早期的注意捕获;有效线索对情绪信息的加工抑制有限,情绪信息的加工表现出了自动化倾向。 相似文献
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利用眼动分析技术,通过设置不同难度和分值的计算项目,探讨了在有时间压力下学习者的学习时间分配。结果发现:(1)在首次项目选择上,学习者优先选择学习率最高的项目;(2)在学习过程中,学习者的项目选择次序也是根据学习率由高到低。总之,在学习时间分配上,如果需要权衡难度与分值,学习者会考虑单位时间的获益,也就是以学习率为议程的主要依据。研究不仅利用眼动分析技术证实了基于议程的学习时间分配模型,而且进一步揭示了学习率是设置学习时间分配议程的重要依据。 相似文献
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David L. Wright Charles Black Jin-Hoon Park Charles H. Shea 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(3):273-285
In 3 experiments, the authors used a precuing protocol to examine the nature and cost of programming and the subsequent reprogramming of a movement's relative time and overall duration. Initial programming followed a fixed-order specification; knowledge of the necessary relative time was required before information regarding overall duration could be used in a manner that expedited response planning. In the case of reprogramming, however, when a modification had to be made in either the relative time or overall duration of the anticipated and already-prepared response, performers chose to completely reprogram the entire response. Complete reprogramming occurred even when the performer had correctly prepared the higher order relative-time component and only had to modify the overall duration of the movement. The data indicate that organizing movement timing before movement initiation is accomplished in a fundamentally different manner depending on whether the movement is being initially compiled or modified. 相似文献
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从读者重复学习新词时眼动行为经历的变化,揭示儿童和成人自然阅读中新词学习能力的差异。构造双字假词作为新词,将其嵌在五个语境中,记录儿童和成人阅读时的眼动轨迹。结果发现:随着新词学习次数的递增,儿童和成人在新词上的首次注视时间呈相同变化;在对新词的凝视时间和再注视概率上,成人在第二次阅读时就大幅下降,而小学生在第四次阅读时才开始下降。表明成人新词学习能力高于儿童体现在词汇加工的相对晚期阶段。 相似文献
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Aron S. Buchman Sue Leurgans Gerald L. Gottlieb Chi-Hung Chen Gil L. Almeida Daniel M. Corcos 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(4):391-399
In previous studies of rapid elbow movements in young healthy men, characteristic task-dependent changes in the patterns of muscle activation when movement speed or distance was varied have been reported. In the present study, the authors investigated whether age or gender is associated with changes in the patterns of muscle activity previously reported in young men. Arm movements of 10 healthy older and 10 healthy younger participants (5 men and 5 women in each group) were studied. Surface electromyograms (EMGs) from agonist (biceps) and antagonist (triceps) muscles, kinematic and kinetic parameters, as well as anthropometric and strength measures were recorded. All 4 groups of participants showed similar task- (distance or speed) dependent changes in biphasic EMG activity. Similar modulation of the initial rate of rise of the EMG, integrated agonist and antagonist EMG activity, as well as their relative timing were observed in all 4 groups. Those results suggest that older individuals of both genders retain the control strategies for elbow movements used by young individuals. Despite the qualitative similarities in the patterns of muscle activation, the men moved more quickly than the women, and younger participants moved more quickly than older participants. Those performance differences could not be explained in terms of differences in body size and strength alone. 相似文献
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采用边界范式,以60名小学生为被试,探讨了小学生不同词语类型的预视效应。结果表明:(1)五年级学生表现出更高的阅读效率;(2)预视类型的主效应显著,出现明显的预视效应;(3)不同词语类型的预视效应差异不显著;(4)未出现副中央凹-中央凹效应。研究结果支持阅读眼动的序列加工模型。 相似文献