Perceived Job Image Among Police Officers in Singapore: Factorial Dimensions and Differential Effects

Abstract

The authors examined the perceived job image of police officers in Singapore and its differential effects on their work-related attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit). The authors obtained data from questionnaire surveys and focus-group interviews. Perceived job image consisted of 4 dimensions: (a) prestige, (b) integrity, (c) competence, and (d) nonroutine job nature. Results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested that the first 2 dimensions of the perceived job image construct were salient in affecting the police officers' work-related attitudes.     

State and Trait Correlates of Job Performance: A Tale of Two Perspectives

The relative importance of dispositional and situational influences on organizational behaviors has been widely debated within the organizational sciences. In the current research, we report the results of two field studies that, taken together, provide an opportunity to examine the relative contributions of psychological well-being, positive mood, and negative mood as predictors of job performance. In Study 1, bivariate correlational analyses demonstrated that psychological well-being and negative mood, but not positive mood, were related to job performance measured over the past year. Hierarchical regression analysis found that psychological well-being was positively related to job performance, even when controlling for positive and negative mood. These findings were replicated and extended in the second study. In particular, bivariate correlational analyses demonstrated that psychological well-being and negative mood were predictive of job performance at the present time. However, unlike Study 1, hierarchical regression analyses found that both psychological well-being and negative mood were predictive of performance, even after controlling for each other and positive mood.     

Type-A Behavior, Job Performance, and Well-Being in College Teachers

This study examined the relationship between Type-A behavior and job performance, and employee well-being among college teachers in Canada. Well-being was operationalized in terms of burnout, social support, work satisfaction, and turnover motivation. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire from 420 college teachers. Pearson correlation and moderated multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. Global Type-A behavior was not related to 3 measures of job performance: teaching hours, number of course preparations per semester and number of students. However, global Type-A behavior correlated positively with burnout and turnover motivation and negatively with perceived social support and work satisfaction. Two components of Type-A behavior (time pressure and hard driving/competitiveness) exhibited the same pattern of relationship with job performance and well-being variables as was found with the global measure of Type-A behavior. Moderated multiple regression did not support the role of gender as a moderator of Type-A behavior and job performance and well-being variables.     

中国大学生幸福评价的时间轨迹

幸福评价的时间轨迹是指人们对自己的过去、现在和将来的幸福评价的轨迹。从过去、现在和将来角度来研究幸福, 对于全面理解幸福本质具有重要的意义。本研究用两项研究探索了中国大学生的幸福评价的时间轨迹。研究1让130名大学生完成时间维度生活满意度量表, 结果发现, 中国大学生认为过去与现在的幸福没有显著区别, 将来比过去和现在都幸福, 即过去幸福=现在幸福 < 将来幸福, 这与西方的研究结果过去幸福 < 现在幸福 < 将来幸福的轨迹不同。研究2采用实验法, 让45名大学生对描述幸福和不幸福的形容词进行评定, 再次支持了中国大学生的这一幸福评价的时间轨迹。不幸福评价的时间轨迹呈现出过去不幸福=现在不幸福 > 将来不幸福的趋势。     

广州大学生主观幸福感研究

运用《国际大学调查》(ICS)问卷,对广州市200名大学生进行抽样调查,考察了广州市大学生的主观幸福感的基本状况,并对主观幸福感与各维度之间的相互关系作了分析。结果表明：(1)男女幸福感没有差异;(2)主观幸福感主要是由积极情感、消极情感和生活满意度决定;(3)外在准则对主观幸福感的影响是间接的;(4)个体的自我体验和主观幸福感、生活满意度、积极情感、外界准则等相关,但与外界准则的相关最大。     

中国大陆、香港和美国大学生主观幸福感比较

采用量表法对中国大陆、香港和美国三个地区的大学生被试的主观幸福感(SWB)进行了比较。差异检验表明,在总体SWB水平上,三个地区没有表现出显著差异,但在生活满意感、积极情感和消极情感维度上差异都显著。分层回归的结果发现,经济状况、社会关系和外在价值变量对三个地区大学生的生活满意感和积极情感都作出了增值贡献;外在准则变量对三个地区的消极情感作出了增值贡献。     

Having the will and finding the way: A review and meta-analysis of hope at work

Critics of the field of positive organizational psychology have expressed reservations with validity and utility of positive constructs, such as hope. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the existing research on hope at work and to determine the ‘true’ relationship between hope and work outcomes by meta-analyzing 133 effect sizes across 45 primary studies based on 11,139 employees. As predicted, we found that the overall corrected mean effect sizes between hope and work performance and employee well-being were positive and statistically significant. Gender and study location were significant moderators of these relationships, with women and US-based studies having stronger hope to work outcomes effects. Taken together, results demonstrate that positive psychology constructs, such as hope, play an important role in understanding and predicting employee behavior.     

高校教师人格特质、工作特征与工作满意度的关系研究

采用高校教师工作特征问卷、人格特质问卷、工作满意度问卷对400名高校教师进行调查。结果发现：（1）高校教师工作特征与工作满意度存在显著的正相关,工作特征中的多样性与工作本身、人际关系达到中度相关;工作特征中的完整性与工作满意度、重要性与工作满意度的五个维度均达到中度相关;工作特征中的自主性与薪酬待遇、进修提升、人际关系呈中度相关;工作特征中的反馈性与工作本身、薪酬待遇、进修提升、人际关系呈中度相关。（2）高校教师人格特质与工作满意度存在显著的正相关,人格特质中的外向性维度与进修提升呈中度相关;与领导管理呈     

Stress and Student Job Design: Satisfaction, Well-Being, and Performance in University Students

It is imperative that the university environment be supportive and capable of nurturing optimal learning and performance in students. Using job design and work stress theories, the study assessed relationships between psychosocial work characteristics, well-being and satisfaction, and performance in a random sample survey of Australian university students (N = 176). Methodological improvements were a time lag between survey and performance measures, an objective measure of performance, and LISREL structural equation modeling. Results showed high levels of psychological distress and low levels of satisfaction, both linked to high demands combined with low control. In accord with the happy-productive student hypothesis, satisfaction mediated the impact of the work environment on performance. Reengineering the design of the student work environment may therefore improve performance outcomes (student grades) through enhancing satisfaction.     

教师工作满意感与工作绩效:职业倦怠的中介效用

本研究通过考察398名幼儿园和小学教师的工作满意感、职业倦怠和工作绩效状况,采用纵向研究方法,借助于结构方程模型建构,以揭示其工作满意感、职业倦怠与工作绩效三者之间的关系。结果表明,(1)工作满意感对工作绩效存在显著的影响;(2)工作满意感通过职业倦怠中情感耗竭维度的中介作用影响教师的工作绩效;(3)职业倦怠中人格解体维度和成就感低落维度对工作绩效没有显著影响。     

How animals contribute to subjective well-being: A comprehensive model of protective and risk factors

In this paper, we elaborate and test a comprehensive theoretical model of SWB of animal caregivers. This model includes risk factors such as restrictions in daily life, negative emotions, and financial strain, and protective factors such as a sense of purpose in life, positive emotions, and physical activities. The model was tested in a sample of caregivers of dogs, cats, and horses (N = 631). Higher levels of satisfaction of the need for autonomy, experiencing more positive emotions, and greater fulfillment of social roles through the animal were positively associated with SWB, whereas experiencing more negative emotions, greater financial strain due to the animal, and degree of attachment to the animal were negatively associated with SWB. The proposed model is suitable to explain differences in subjective well-being among animal caregivers and may be valid across different types of animal caregivers.     

A Follow-Up Study of a Reminiscence Intervention and Its Effects on Depressed Mood,Life Satisfaction,and Well-Being in the Elderly

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which a reminiscence intervention reduces depressed mood and improves life satisfaction and psychological well-being. 160 healthy elderly people participated in a 10-session intervention. An experimental design with pretest and posttest evaluations was applied, comparing a control group to an intervention group to evaluate the effects of the program. Follow-up measures were also taken to find out whether the intervention's positive effects lasted over time. Mixed Model ANOVAs showed significant increases in the time-group interaction, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being measures, and decreases in depressed mood, after treatment. The effects remained after three months in the case of life satisfaction and some dimensions of psychological well-being, but they were lower on depressed mood. This study provides additional support for the effectiveness of a reminiscence program as a useful intervention to improve the quality of life of older adults.     

Affective Reactions to the Thought of “God”: Moderating Effects of Image of God

Recent understanding of subjective well-being suggests that it consists of global judgments of life satisfaction, hedonic experiences, and beliefs about facets of one’s life. Traditionally, life satisfaction judgments have been the outcome of interest in studies examining the relationship between religiosity and well-being. Two studies were conducted to look at the interactive effects of personal religious beliefs, namely God images, and environmental stimuli, particularly priming the thought of “God.” The first study examines hedonic experiences, which is one of the information sources when constructing a well-being judgment. A second study attempts to replicate the findings with life satisfaction ratings. Results of the first study showed that one’s image of God as a controlling or non-controlling entity moderated the affective response to being primed to think about God. In particular, those who had a high controlling image of God had a negative affective reaction to the God prime. Results of the second study replicated the pattern of results using life satisfaction ratings as the dependent variable.     

Guidelines with Strategies for Enhancement of Resilience and Psycho-Social Well-Being in Professional Nurses

There are currently no guidelines available for enhancement of resilience in professional nurses. This study aims to provide broad guidelines with specific strategies that may enhance resilience and psycho-social well-being in professional nurses. These guidelines are based findings from previous qualitative research on resilience in professional nurses in the public and private sector in South Africa. We used Kumpfer's (1999) theoretical model of resilience to frame the guidelines. Resilience among professional nurses appears to vary in manifestation across settings of practice.     

两种取向的工作满意度模型构建及实证研究

工作满意度一般被作为衡量员工工作中的幸福感的指标。幸福感的研究存在两种基本取向：享乐取向和完善取向。为验证两种取向的工作满意度结构,对485名MBA学生和864名企业员工进行了调查,探索性因素分析和进一步二阶探索性因素分析表明,工作满意度量表包含8个因素,这8个因素归于两个维度：享乐取向的满意度（包括享乐的工作结果、享乐的工作本身、享乐的人际关系、享乐的组织氛围）和完善取向的满意度（包括完善的工作结果、完善的工作本身、完善的人际关系、完善的组织氛围）。验证性因素分析支持两种取向工作满意度的结构模型。     

大学生目标内容与主观幸福感的关系：一个有调节的中介模型

基于自我决定理论考察了目标内容对主观幸福感的影响,以及基本心理需要、自尊在其中的作用。采用欲望指数量表、基本心理需要满足量表、自尊量表、正负情绪量表、生活满意度问卷对535名大学生进行了调查。结果显示：（1）目标内部性显著正向预测主观幸福感;（2）基本心理需要在目标内部性和主观幸福感之间起部分中介作用;（3）基本需要的中介作用受到自尊的调节。因此,目标内部性对主观幸福感的影响是一个有调节的中介效应。     

工作不安全感与幸福感、绩效的关系：自我效能感的作用

旨在探讨工作不安全感对员工工作幸福感和工作绩效(上级评定)的影响,以及一般自我效能感在其中的作用机制。研究采用问卷调查的方法,共收集到513个有效样本。数据分析采用层级回归分析的方法。研究结果发现：⑴工作不安全感对员工工作幸福感和工作绩效都有显著的消极影响;⑵一般自我效能感对工作不安全感与身体健康、心理健康之间关系具有显著的调节作用,但对工作满意度的调节作用不显著;⑶一般自我效能感对不安全感—工作绩效之间关系具有显著的调节作用。这就表明,在当今处于转型期的中国社会里,工作不安全感是影响员工工作幸福感和工作绩效的一个重要压力源,而一般自我效能感可以发挥有效的调节作用     

Job Stress and Employee Well-Being Among Airline Personnel in an Asian Developing Country

This study examined the relationship between job stress and employees' well-being in a developing country in Asia. Job stress was operationalized in terms of perceived experiences at jobs which were chronic in nature. Employee well-being was operationalized in terms of organizational commitment, job involvement, and job satisfaction. Data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire from 150 employees working in a national carrier in a developing country in Asia. Pearson correlation and moderated multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Job stress was significantly related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Moderated multiple regression did not support the role of gender as a moderator of the stress–outcome relationship.     

Intimacy and Psychosocial Adjustment in Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents

This study examined the association between 8 aspects of friend intimacy and 3 measures of psychosocial adjustment (self-esteem, deviant behavior, and purpose in life) among Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The respondents were 289 students between 16 and 19 years of age from a cross-sectional study in Hong Kong. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed (a) friend intimacy was positively associated with self-esteem and purpose in life, and (b) friend intimacy was negatively correlated with deviant behavior. Results indicated that friend intimacy is an important variable that affects some aspects of psychosocial adjustment. Moreover, results of multiple regression analyses indicated that different measures of friend intimacy are related to deviant behavior and purpose in life. Therefore, it is crucial to study the relationship between different aspects of friend intimacy and different aspects of psychosocial adjustment among adolescents.