共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
本研究采用2(空时距、实时距)×8(1秒~8秒)的实验设计,以224名大学生为被试,考察了不同类型、不同长度的时距估计特点,结果发现;(1)时距类型在时距估计中存在主效应,在本实验中,1秒~8秒条件下实时距估计比空时距准确;(2)时距长度在时距估计中存在主效应,时距估计所产生的误差随时距长度的增加而增大;(3)时距类型与时距长度之间存在交互作用,对实时距、空时距估计进行曲线估计及预测,发现两类时距估计呈现动态特征,1845052秒之前实时距估计比空时距准确,之后空时距估计比实时距准确,两类时距估计曲线的变化速度也呈交替上升趋势。 相似文献
2.
估计被遮挡的运动物体何时到达某一特定位置被称为碰撞时间估计,本研究利用遮挡范式,通过控制时间结构、物理速度及运动过程是否可见设计两个2(物理速度)×3(时间结构)实验来探究三者对碰撞时间估计的影响。结果:当时间结构一致时,不论物理速度快慢及是否存在视觉速度线索,被试的绩效都没有显著差异;当时间结构不一致时,不论物理速度快慢,存在视觉速度条件下被试的绝对偏差小于无视觉速度条件。结论:时间结构一致时,被试主要使用时间线索进行碰撞时间估计;时间结构不一致时,被试通过整合时间结构和视觉速度线索进行估计。 相似文献
3.
本研究考查了反映不同时速的时间隐喻句对时距判断的影响,结果发现时间隐喻表征对时距判断有导向功能,即将移动速度慢的喻体投射于时间时会带来对时距判断的高估,而将移动速度快的喻体投射于时间时会造成对时距判断的低估,这一结果表明语言也会是影响时距判断的因素之一,从而进一步佐证了时间认知的综合观。 相似文献
4.
Time perception performance was systematically investigated in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD). Specifically, the effects of manipulating modality (auditory and visual) and length of duration (200 and
1000 ms) were examined. Forty-six adolescents with ADHD and 44 controls were administered four duration discrimination tasks
and two control tasks, and a set of standardized measures. Participants with ADHD had higher thresholds than controls on all
of the duration discrimination tasks, with the largest effect size obtained on the visual 1000 ms duration discrimination
task. No group differences were observed on the control tasks. Visual–spatial memory was found to be a significant predictor
of visual and auditory duration discrimination at longer intervals (1000 ms) in the ADHD sample, whereas auditory verbal working
memory predicted auditory discrimination at longer intervals (1000 ms) in the control sample. These group differences suggest
impairments in basic timing mechanisms in ADHD. 相似文献
5.
The goal of the present study was to determine the combined effects of movement velocity and duration on motor programming. Subjects were submitted to a two-choice reaction time task that could be completed by aiming movements differing in the mean velocity at which they were to be produced as well as by their movement time. The results of the present study indicate that, in each pair of responses used, the responses having the higher mean velocity were initiated faster that those having the lower mean velocity. Contrary to Spijkers' (1989) study, the different movement time pairings did not modify the effect of movement velocity on response programming time. Moreover, the same pattern of results was observed whether or not the subjects were permitted to visually guide their ongoing movement. Thus, Spijkers' proposition, that the type of control one may use to guide an aiming movement needs to be determined before movement initiation can take place, was not confirmed. 相似文献
6.
用两个实验考查了时距估计中刺激物的动态变化效应。结果发现,刺激物的运动、速度和旋转角度显著地影响着被试的时间判断,刺激物速度的时距延长效应对于较长时距(18s-24s)来说更加明显;运动刺激与较短、较准确的时距判断相关联;旋转角度的减少使得被试低估时距,而旋转角度的增加使得时距估计呈高估倾向。被试在时间估计过程中表现出长时距低估和短时距高估现象,本研究得到的时间估计转换点是11.4s,此点与先前的有关研究基本一致。 相似文献
7.
Ben Sidaway 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(2):120-130
Three experiments are reported that test the hypothesis that under certain conditions programming time is a function of the directional accuracy demand of a response, directional accuracy being quantified by the minimal angle subtended at the point of movement initiation by the circular targets within the response. Subjects in three simple reaction time experiments were required to tap a single target or a series of circular targets as rapidly as possible with a hand-held stylus. Experiments 1 and 3 showed that the subtended angle (SA) of a response can have a more powerful effect on programming time, as indexed by reaction time and premotor time, than the number of movement parts in the response. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that the locus of the directional accuracy effect was SA and not target size or movement distance. In all three experiments, response SA was a better predictor of programming time than was number of movement parts, target size, movement distance, movement time, and average movement velocity. The findings support the notion that constraints placed upon movement initiation by the directional accuracy demand of the task can play an important role in determining the length of the programming process. 相似文献
8.
Katherine S. Choe 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(2):117-136
The concepts of the memory and attentional models were examined in children's and adults’ time perception in a long duration. One hundred twenty-one children in preschool through Grade 2 and 29 adults for Study 1 and 93 second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade students and 40 adults for Study 2 judged durations of tasks that varied in interest levels and cognitive demands. In Study 1, children overestimated but adults underestimated the movie that they found to be interesting. However, in Study 2, both children and adults consistently overestimated the duration of puzzles they found to be interesting. In a long duration, the findings were more in line with the memory model than with the attention model. A qualitative change also emerged in middle childhood in the way children kept track of time; this difference may influence the developing perception of long duration in children's representation. Implications of the findings are further discussed in examining the perception of long duration. 相似文献
9.
为了探索人格与反馈对时间估计的影响,本研究采用非时间任务和预期式时距估计的方法对个人自立高分组与低分组共40名被试进行了研究。结果发现:(1)虽然差异不显著,但是在两次时距估计中个人自立高分组的时距估计绝对错误量均小于低分组;(2)个人自立高分组的时距估计绝对错误量变化幅度显著小于低分组;(3)个人自立高分组在两次时距估计绝对错误量上的相关明显大于低分组;(4)有反馈组的时距估计绝对错误量显著小于无反馈组。据此可以认为:(1)由个人自立导致的时间估计的个体差异表现在时间估计的误差变异度和准确性两个方面。高个人自立者的时间估计误差的变异度更小,同时可能倾向于更准确地进行时距估计。(2)反馈有助于提高时间估计的准确性。(3)“绝对错误量变化幅度”和“时距估计绝对错误量的相关”是两个值得在今后的研究中应用的指标。 相似文献
10.
Lawrence Greenfield Douglas Fountain 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2000,22(4):353-364
Data for 422 methadone treatment clients in the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study (NTIES) were analyzed. Clients maintained continuously in methadone treatment for longer than 12 months and clients who leftbetween 3–12 months were compared with clients treated for less than 3 months. Additionally, clients treated for 3–12 months who had short follow-up periods (6-month average) were compared with 3–12-month clients with long follow-up periods (11-month average). Positive treatment outcomes includinglower drug use, reduced risk of viral infectionand sexually transmitted disease (through needle sharing and multiple sex partners), and less criminality wereassociated with both longer duration treatment and shorter follow-up periods. The findings suggested that continuous methadone treatment of 12 or more months is optimal, whereas stays of less than3 months may be ineffective. Furthermore, stays of 3–12 months are likelyto be beneficial over a relatively short time span, for example 6 months. 相似文献
11.
The experiment examined the effects of movement time (MT) and distance on the timing of electromyographic (EMG) activity from an agonist and antagonist muscle during rapid, discrete elbow movements in the horizontal plane. According to impulse-timing theory (Wallace, 1981) MT, not distance moved, should have a pronounced effect on the timing of EMG activity (duration of initial agonist and antagonist burst and time to onset of initial antagonist burst). The levels of MT were 100 and 160 msec and the levels of distance were 27° and 45° of elbow flexion. In general support of impulse-timing theory, the results of the three EMG timing measures showed that MT had a more pronounced effect on these measures than distance. In addition, the timing of EMG activity in relation to total MT remained fairly consistent across the four MT-distance conditions. 相似文献
12.
13.
A new 3-stage model based on neuroimaging evidence is proposed by Chein and Schneider (2012). Each stage is associated with different brain regions, and draws on cognitive abilities: the first stage on creativity, the second on selective attention, and the third on automatic processing. The purpose of the present study was to scrutinize the validity of this model for 1 popular learning paradigm, visuomotor adaptation. Participants completed tests for creativity, selective attention and automated processing before attending in a pointing task with adaptation to a 60° rotation of visual feedback. To examine the relationship between cognitive abilities and motor learning at different times of practice, associations between cognitive and adaptation scores were calculated repeatedly throughout adaptation. The authors found no benefit of high creativity for adaptive performance. High levels of selective attention were positively associated with early adaptation, but hardly with late adaptation and de-adaptation. High levels of automated execution were beneficial for late adaptation, but hardly for early and de-adaptation. From this we conclude that Chein and Schneider's first learning stage is difficult to confirm by research on visuomotor adaptation, and that the other 2 learning stages rather relate to workaround strategies than to actual adaptive recalibration. 相似文献
14.
Stuart T. Klapp 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(2):135-150
Reaction time (RT) prior to speech articulation increased as a function of response complexity. The RT findings formed 2 patterns, each of which was a different Response Complexity × Paradigm (choice RT vs. simple RT) interaction. That result extends previous findings from manual button-pressing tasks (S. T. Klapp, 1995) to a different action modality. Two different types of response programming, INT and SEQ, are assumed in the interpretation. Whereas INT can be identified with response programming within a word, SEQ fits a different interpretation related to timing of onsets of speech units. A critical assumption is that a long response is represented as a sequence of chunks; that organization is subject to manipulation. New findings suggest some modifications of the previous theory. 相似文献
15.
采用移动窗口技术,探讨文本阅读中事件持续时间对情景模型更新的影响。实验1探讨不同的事件持续时间对情景模型更新进程的影响。结果发现,情景模型的更新受到事件持续时间的影响;实验2探讨在不同的事件持续时间条件下,情景模型的更新符合动态观还是静态观,结果支持了情景模型更新的动态观。该研究表明,事件持续时间与时间转换大小之间的关系对情景模型的更新起着重要的作用。同时,情景模型的更新符合动态观。 相似文献
16.
A review of 24 experiments investigated the factors that produce a subjective time dilation. The aim of this review was to investigate the magnitude of the obtained time dilation. The mean time duration judgment ratio of subjective time to objective time for the selected studies was 1.31, SD = .24. The analyses revealed that experimental studies investigating subjective time dilation tend to obtain small to moderate time dilation and that several factors can be manipulated in order to make a specific time interval appear longer than it is. Highlighting the factors that lead to a subjective time dilation has both research implications, by pointing to the underlying cognitive mechanisms of time perception, and practical implications, by indicating the factors that can be manipulated in order to control how we perceive time. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
20.
Yvon Brenière 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(3):215-220
The differential method consists of the analysis of the variation of gait parameters length, frequency, and velocity with respect to their mean values, respectively, ΔL = L — Lm , Δf = f — fm , and Δv = v – vm , where Lm , fm , and vm represent the mean values of those parameters. Assuming that the strategy of modulation of velocity implies that L and f are functions of v and that statistical analyses of ratios ΔL/Δv and Δf/Δv have established that there is a very significant linear correlation, close to 1, between those ratios, the mathematical procedure allows one to determine the equation of step length, L = a · f + b · v + K, where a and b are the slope and the intercept of the linear regression and K is close to Lm . The equation was experimentally tested on 140 gait sequences performed by 6 participants and for gait velocities ranging from 0.6 to 2.2 m/s and was found to be very representative of all individual values. The differential method provides another way of using the derivative of velocity, v = L·f, to characterize the strategy of velocity modulation, which then permits one to determine the linear equation of velocity, v = f · Lm + L · fm — Lm · fm , and to show that the respective parts played by each parameter in the progression velocity are approximately equal. The author establishes the uniqueness of the different linear adjustments and discusses the differential method's own modes of use, that is, interindividually or globally. 相似文献