中国心理学会临床与咨询心理学专业机构和专业人员注册标准

中国心理学会2007年2月1注册原则和政策1.01《中国心理学会临床与咨询心理学专业机构和专业人员注册标准》(以下简称“本标准”)是中国心理学会根据中华人民共和国民政部《社会团体登记管理条例》和其他国家相关法律、法规,授权中国心理学会临床与咨询心理学专业机构与专业人员注册标准制定工作组(以下简称“制定工作组”)在广泛征集有关专业人士的意见后制定的临床心理学与咨询心理学专业资格注册标准。1.02本标准中关于临床心理学与咨询心理学专业机构和专业人员的定义如下:临床心理学与咨询心理学专业机构:指隶属于各级各类政府机构、学…     

Auditory registration without learning

In 3 studies, the authors explore how repeated exposure to a spoken word affects memory for perceptual attributes associated with the word (such as a talker's voice or a word's plurality). Subjects heard a list of words; particular words were repeated differing numbers of times. At test, subjects estimated the frequency of each word, with instructions to give frequency judgments of "zero" to words with changed attributes. The experiments demonstrate that memory for perceptual attributes improves very little after the first few repetitions, although word memory continues to improve. The experiments extend the registration without learning effect (D. L. Hintzman, T. Curran, & B. Oppy, 1992) to auditory words, to complex attributes (voice), and to conditions of low and high stimulus variability (two or many voices).     

Pre‐registration: Why and How

In this article, we (1) discuss the reasons why pre‐registration is a good idea, both for the field and individual researchers, (2) respond to arguments against pre‐registration, (3) describe how to best write and review a pre‐registration, and (4) comment on pre‐registration’s rapidly accelerating popularity. Along the way, we describe the (big) problem that pre‐registration can solve (i.e., false positives caused by p‐hacking), while also offering viable solutions to the problems that pre‐registration cannot solve (e.g., hidden confounds or fraud). Pre‐registration does not guarantee that every published finding will be true, but without it you can safely bet that many more will be false. It is time for our field to embrace pre‐registration, while taking steps to ensure that it is done right.     

Electroencephalographic registration of low concentrations of isoamyl acetate

Previous research has demonstrated electroencephalogram (EEG) changes in response to low-odor concentrations, resulting in near-chance detection. Such findings have been taken as evidence for olfaction without awareness. We replicated and extended previous work by examining EEG responses to water-water control, 0.0001, 0. 001, 0.01, and 1 ppm isoamyl acetate (IAA) in water paired with water only. Detection was above chance (>50%) for.001 and above, and alpha decreased only to those concentrations, suggesting that EEG changes corresponded to IAA awareness. However, when correct trial EEGs were compared to incorrect trial EEGs during.001 ppm, right posterior/central alpha decreased during incorrect trials and alpha decreased more globally (including frontal sites) during correct trials. These data may not reflect awareness or unawareness per se. Instead, results are discussed regarding activation of perceptual systems in the posterior region during incorrect trials and the activation of frontal action systems during a subset of correct trials.     

Increasing organ donor registration rates by providing an immediate and complete registration opportunity: an experimental assessment of the IIFF model

The IIFF model of organ donation holds that the simultaneous presence of four factors directly influence donor registration: (1) immediate and complete registration opportunity (ICRO), (2) information, (3) focused engagement, and (4) favorable activation. Two field experiments examined the impact of an ICRO on organ donation registration. In Study 1, participants were at town halls where they knew organ donation was to be discussed. Registration cards were distributed and then collected at the end of the session in half of the town halls. For the other half, participants were asked to mail in completed cards. In three US cities, participants given an ICRO registered at a significantly greater rate (z?=?4.865, p?相似文献   

Cognitive self-management requires the phenomenal registration of intrinsic state properties

Philosophical Studies - Cognition is not, and could not possibly be, entirely representational in character. There is also a phenomenal form of cognitive expression that registers the intrinsic...     

Texture gradient registration and the development of slant perception.

The processes underlying the development of slant perception were investigated by manipulating the degree of texture element variability. Subjects at four grade levels were required to make judgments of physical slant of surfaces with three levels of variability. Absolute error of judgment decreased with age, but texture variability had no effect at any grade level. The results suggest that there is no improvement in the ability to extract gradient information. Rather, improvement in the consistency of judgment reflects a developmental change in the relationship between stimulus information and judgment.     

Timing accuracy of mouse response registration on the IBM microcomputer family

Data and theoretical estimates reported by Segalowitz and Graves (1990) and Crosbie (1990) regarding delays of serial Microsoft mouse response registration are corrected and extended. Empirically measured mouse responses clearly confirm a theoretical minimum delay time of 22.5 msec for Microsoft-compatible serial mouse devices. Timing accuracy of key actions for the serial, bus, and PS/2 mouse devices are presented.     

Further evidence for an orientation constancy based upon registration of ocular position

Summary In four experiments Ss were exposed to wedge prisms or maintained an asymmetrical eye and head posture in order to induce a shift in the apparent direction of gaze. Systematic changes in the apparent orientation of a line target were obtained as inferred from an assumed algorithm relating optical input and registered direction of gaze.This research was supported by Grant MH13006 from the National Institute of Mental Health to the first author.The aid of Ms. Janine Pyrek and Ms. Lynne Shebilske is gratefully acknowledged.     

When encoding fails: Instructions,feedback, and registration without learning

Four experiments replicated and extended the registration-without-learning effect, in which there is little improvement in the ability to discriminate an old target (X) from a highly similar test item (Y) after the first few presentations of X, even though judgments of frequency continue to rise in an openended fashion. Forced-choice testing revealed the anomalous form of the learning curve for X-Y discrimination (faster and then slower than the exponential). Effects of several different learning instructions were compared, but these appeared to affect only the level of initial learning, and to do little to promote X-Y discrimination learning on later presentations. The opportunity for self-testing with feedback during study provided no benefits when responding was covert, but did when overt anticipation was required. The findings are discussed in relation to the roles of bottom-up and topdown processing in memory encoding, and to the importance of error-correcting feedback in further structural learning of materials, once the materials have become familiar.     

Attention for emotional facial expressions in dysphoria: an eye-movement registration study

Former research demonstrated that depression is associated with dysfunctional attentional processing of emotional information. Most studies examined this bias by registration of response latencies. The present study employed an ecologically valid measurement of attentive processing, using eye-movement registration. Dysphoric and non-dysphoric participants viewed slides presenting sad, angry, happy and neutral facial expressions. For each type of expression, three components of visual attention were analysed: the relative fixation frequency, fixation time and glance duration. Attentional biases were also investigated for inverted facial expressions to ensure that they were not related to eye-catching facial features. Results indicated that non-dysphoric individuals were characterised by longer fixating and dwelling on happy faces. Dysphoric individuals demonstrated a longer dwelling on sad and neutral faces. These results were not found for inverted facial expressions. The present findings are in line with the assumption that depression is associated with a prolonged attentional elaboration on negative information.     

Visual-field asymmetries in letter recognition: evidence for asymmetry in early visual registration

Two experiments on visual-field differences in tachistoscopic letter recognition are described. In the first, a bright pre-exposure field with a black fixation point was used, and the conventionally expected dominance of the right visual field was found. However, a large number of "blank" trials were observed, in which subjects completely failed to detect the presence of the flashed target. These "blanks" were themselves significantly asymmetric between visual fields, suggesting that asymmetry in early stimulus registration may play an unsuspected role in typical measures of cerebral asymmetry in recognition accuracy. This was confirmed in a second experiment in which use of dark pre-exposure fields eliminated "blanks" and led to higher over-all accuracy, with no visual-field differences. Implications for interpretation of laterality data with normal subjects are discussed.     

A quasi-experimental investigation of message appeal variations on organ donor registration rates.

OBJECTIVE: Approximately 6,000 Americans die every year awaiting an organ transplant. Health promotion interventions may alleviate the shortage of viable organs by increasing the number of registered organ donors. This study is the first to evaluate the differential effectiveness of various organ donor messages in naturalistic settings. DESIGN: A 4 (Appeal)x4 (Exemplar)x4 (Location) counterbalanced quasi-experimental design was implemented. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The behavioral outcome measure was the number of individuals who registered to be organ donors at computer kiosks. RESULTS: A number of significant main effects and interactions emerged. Most notably, of the 4 different appeals (counterargument, emotional, motivating action, dissonance), counterargument was by far the most efficacious, especially in academic-type settings (library, university, community college); the emotional appeal was most successful in hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study have implications for both organ donor investigations and health campaign research in general. Statistical interactions highlight the importance of evaluating multiple exemplars in multiple locations for each type of appeal when conducting health campaign research.     

The Need for Synergy in Academic Policies: An Introduction to the Dialogue on Pre‐registration

There has been much debate on the need for preregistering experimental studies. Opinions differ with some people believing that “pre‐registration should be required—for us to believe the results of papers,” and others believing that “pre‐registration makes no difference to science and just adds work.” This research dialogue brings differing viewpoints together, in an open academic dialogue. Two target articles and two commentaries discuss what pre‐registration does for replicability of studies, and what cost it adds on authors and reviewers. Additionally, in my introduction to the research dialogue, I deliberate on the need for synergy between our journals, review teams, authors, and institutions, in order for any new policies on pre‐registration to be successfully adopted.