Inventoried and observed stress in parent-child interactions

It has been hypothesized that parental stress results in poor parent-child interactions. However, this has not been adequately researched due to the difficulty in measuring and quantifying parenting stress and parent-child interaction quality. Two measures were employed in the present study to evaluate the parent-child relationship. The Marschak Interaction Method (MIM) was used to provide a context in which to assess the quality of parent-child interactions, and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) was used as a measure of stress in the family system. The present study (1) developed a standardized behavioral rating system for the MIM, (2) tested 46 parent-child dyads with the MIM and PSI, and (3) assessed which subscales of the PSI were the best predictors of parent-child behavior observed during the MIM. Parents reporting more stress on the PSI were rated as displaying significantly lower quality (more negative) parentchild interactions. In addition, parents’ socioeconomic status accounted for 65 % of the variance, and parental stress accounted for an additional 9% of the variance, in MIM behavior ratings.     

Career Saliency and Its Relation to Certain Needs,Interests, and Job Values

This study examined the concept of Career Saliency and its relation to certain needs, interests, and job values. 68 men and 118 women, juniors and seniors in college, were categorized into high, medium, and low saliency groups. Results indicated that the need for Heterosexuality, Achievement, and Endurance appear to be significant variables in determining Career Saliency. While the MF scores on the SVIB did not differentiate the groups, OL scores seem to be positively correlated to Career Saliency. Job values—Prestige, Steady Work, and Desire to Become Famous—differentiated the saliency groups in varying degrees. Sex differences on Career Saliency were found to be highly significant.     

Relationships Between Suicidal Behavior and Personality Types

This study examined the hypotheses that introversion in general and the introverted-intuitive-feeling-perceiving (INFP) type as measured by the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator are related to suicidal ideation and behaviors. Analyses of data from 330 university students found four interactive suicidal behavior risk models: introverted-perceiving (IP) (females); introverted-sensing-feeling (ISF) (males); introverted-intuitive-perceiving (INP) (males); extraverted-intuitive-judging (ENJ) (males). Study findings were interpreted in terms of implications for risk assessment and intervention.     

Relationships Between Attachment Security and Self-Construal Orientations

The authors report the results of two studies in which they explored the relationship of related and individuated self-construals, as suggested by the balanced integration—differentiation (BID) model (E. O. Imamo?lu, 2003), with (a) general attachment security in the first study (N = 168 Turkish university students) and (b) relationshipspecific attachment security with the family, peers, and romantic partners in the second study (N = 110 Turkish university students). Results indicated that attachment security tended to be associated with the relational self-orientation; however, when relatedness was complemented with individuation, there was a trend toward enhanced attachment security that reached significance when multiple measures of attachment across relationship contexts were considered. The authors discuss results with reference to their implications for attachment theory and the BID model.     

Transferences Toward the Co-Therapist Couple: Triadic Relationships and Selfobject Needs

This paper examines transferences toward the male/female co-therapists within a developmental context, using concepts from self psychology, intersubjectivity, and infant research. In addition, it proposes that some individuals have selfobject needs specifically related to the parental unit, so triadic relationships can influence one's development. Clinical examples elucidate the repetitive and selfobject dimensions of the transferences within the intersubjective field formed by the triad of a patient and the male and female co-therapists.     

The Relationships Between Codependency and Femininity and Masculinity

Feminist writers critical of the codependency model have argued that codependency refers to an overly strong conformity to the traditional feminine role. Canonical correlation analysis using data from 192 first-year university students found a moderate association between codependency and gender-role identification. The specific nature of this association varied with different aspects of codependency. External focus (approval seeking) was associated with high scores on the negative aspects of femininity and low scores on positive aspects of masculinity. Self-sacrificing was associated with high positive femininity and low negative masculinity. Women scored higher than men on one aspect of codependency: external focus. Although the data are broadly consistent with a feminist critique of codependency, the relationship between codependency and gender-role identification appears to be more complex than previously suggested.     

Conceptual Relationships Between Test Protocols and Clinical Report

A content analysis of 60 psychological reports was made and compared with the conceptual content of the TAT protocols and the sentence completion tests used as sources for the reports. The conceptual categories for each document were rank ordered by percentage of use, and comparisons among documents were made using rank order correlations. Results: (a) frequent conceptual content in any set of protocols was mirrored by relatively frequent use of the same content in the report; (b) the report writers did not show systematic bias; (c) conceptual content in TATs and sentence completion tests overlapped; (d) the intended use of the reports influenced their content; and (e) reports used significant amounts of information from the protocols.     

Relationships Between Dimensions of Impulsivity and Prospective Memory

Prospective memory refers to the ability to plan and execute future intentions. A burgeoning body of research indicates that a significant proportion of the variability in prospective memory performance can be accounted for by personality traits, with two recent studies revealing that the various dimensions of impulsivity measured by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale‐11 (BIS‐11) are related to prospective memory failures. The present study was conducted to examine which dimensions of impulsivity indexed by the BIS‐11 and UPPS‐P relate to prospective memory failures and which dimensions of impulsivity contribute unique variance in the prediction of prospective memory failures. A large sample (N = 662) of students completed the BIS‐11, UPPS‐P, Prospective Memory Questionnaire and a habitual prospective memory test. Consistent correlations between six of the seven measures of impulsivity and prospective memory failures were found. Regression analyses further revealed that lack of perseverance, emotional urgency and attentional impulsivity were reliable and unique predictors of prospective memory failures. Thus, difficulty remaining focused on tasks (especially long, boring or difficult tasks); lack of forethought, planning and distaste for challenging tasks; and tendencies to behave impulsively under conditions of strong affect relate most strongly to prospective memory failures. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology     

为何要构建人与自然的道德关系

本文分析了人与自然具有事实和价值的双重关系,并从生态学的理论背景进一步阐述人与自然的关系;在此基础上,分析批判了“人类中心主义”和“非人类中心主义”,论述了构建人与自然的道德关系的必要性和重要性。     

The Relationships Between First- and Second-Order Measures of Cultivation

In the research literature on the cultivation hypothesis, there are two types of measures: first order and second order. First-order measures require respondents to provide estimates of occurrences. Second-order measures assess respondents’ attitudes. This study seeks to determine whether this measurement distinction results in operationalizations that are independent or related to one another. It was found that the two are related to a weak degree at a general level, but stronger relationships are found on a contingent analysis. Subgroups defined by relevant situational variables and certain general variables (such as IQ and especially age) reveal significant differential patterns of relationships. Also, evidence was found of an asymmetric pattern on several topics where first-order estimates usually form a basis for second-order beliefs.     

Relationships Between Stress and Marital Satisfaction Among Dual-Earner Couples

No abstract available for this article.     

教师社会化策略与内容的关系

本研究将教师社会化视为教师的学习和适应过程,采用问卷调查法,以263名教师为被试.研究了教师社会化策略与教师社会化内容之间的关系,结果表明:①不同的教师社会化策略影响教师社会化内容的不同维度:学校社会化策略影响教师的学校知识和任务掌握;教师主动社会化策略影响教师工作层面的学习;家长配合影响教师任务掌握;同事帮带对教师社会化内容没有直接影响.②教师社会化策略与内容内部各维度间存在密切相关,教师社会化策略可以通过角色知识、学校知识和任务掌握的中介作用间接影响学校政治;同事帮带可以协同学校社会化策略间接影响学校知识.③学校和教师个体在教师社会化中占主导地位,角色知识是教师社会化内容的核心.     

Relationships Between Conscientiousness Sub-Factors and Constructive and Destructive Behavioral Intentions

This study examined the relationship between Conscientiousness, its sub-factors of Achievement and Dependability, and constructive and destructive behavioral intentions. In a sample of 270 undergraduate students, scores on personality measures were correlated with constructive and destructive behavioral tendencies as measured by responses to scenario situations. Results indicated that both Achievement and Dependability were negatively related to destructive behavioral intentions. As hypothesized, the relationship between Achievement and constructive behavioral intentions was significantly higher than the relationship between Dependability and constructive behavioral intentions. Contributions, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.