Die Geistige Forderung und die Geschichtliche Wirklichkeit

Sans résumé     

Psychotherapie in Westdeutschland nach 1945

Protagonists during the formation of post-World War II medical psychotherapy (e.g. Ernst Speer, Berthold Kihn) had been involved in Nazi selection and ??hereditary health?? policies and continued to express related attitudes and views in the post-war period. To contextualize and analyze these findings, the broader institutional structures and dynamics in psychotherapy before and after 1945 are described. It is argued that for gaining attention, acceptance and resources, psychotherapy and psychiatry are much more dependent on the specific political and economic contexts than somatic medical disciplines, due to the focus on experiences and behavior of human beings. This is related to the fact that such political and economic contexts are themselves bound to anthropological conceptions and norms of behavior. In a further step three paradigms of dealing with the Nazi past are identified for post-World War II psychotherapy and psychiatry: the isolation paradigm, the continuity paradigm and the localizing-complex paradigm.     

Dyadische Planungsintervention nach Prostatektomie

Background

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in men. One treatment for localized prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy. Patients and partners have to deal with stressors associated with the diagnosis, the surgery and its consequences (e.g. incontinence). Dyadic planning prepares for the coping process with illness consequences in order to enhance self-regulation and reduce anxiety. Dyadic planning means generating plans together with a partner specifying when, where and how the target person wants to initiate a health behavior.

Patients and methods

In this longitudinal randomized controlled trial (RCT) 112 prostatectomy patients and their spouses were invited to participate in a dyadic planning intervention. Participants were randomly allocated to a dyadic pelvic floor exercise (pfe) planning group or one of three control groups (i.e., individual pfe planning, dyadic or individual nutrition planning). Patients and partners received questionnaires at baseline, 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery.

Results

Patients in the dyadic pfe planning group reported higher dyadic pfe planning 2 weeks after surgery than patients in the nutrition planning groups. No such differential effects were found in partners. Additionally, there were no group differences in patient reports on anxiety 6 months after surgery, whereas partners in the dyadic pfe planning group reported lower anxiety levels compared to partners in the individual pfe planning group. Self-reported pfe planning did not, however, mediate the effects of the intervention on partners?? anxiety.

Conclusion

Economical dyadic planning interventions may not only support change of health-relevant behaviour in target persons but also emotional adjustment of their partners.     

Zur Komplextheorie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Epidemiologie des Drogenkonsumes in Deutschland

This review is about the epidemiology of drug-consumption in the Federal Republic of Germany including its associated medical and criminological problems referring to the latest official statistics of 2007 and 2008.     

Zur Induktionsfrage:

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

论约纳斯在《奥斯威辛之后的上帝观念》中的上帝观

奥斯威辛之后,传统的上帝观念受到了严峻的挑战,汉斯.约纳斯在《奥斯威辛之后的上帝观念》的报告中系统地阐释了奥斯威辛之后他的上帝观念。面对信仰和苦难的悖论,约纳斯积极回应,从恶的责任者的角度出发,阐明了他的"受难的上帝"、"生成的上帝"、"担忧的上帝"和"不是一个全能的上帝"之原因和价值,部分维护了上帝的属性,呼吁人类对社会的责任。     

Der Weg der Psychoanalyse nach Japan

The establishment of psychoanalysis in Japan was a consequence of opening the country to the influence of the western world by the Meiji restitution of 1868. Thus western psychological thought was also spread to Japan. On this basis, psychoanalysis developed through personal contacts and experiences of individuals and infiltrated into intellectual circles and finally into psychiatry. The establishment of two psychoanalytical societies, one for analysts and one where also lay people had access led to a specific and unique organizational structure. The ??Japanese way?? of psychoanalysis is on the one hand characterized by the confrontation with Buddhism and on the other by specific applications which reflect a certain reserve in the Japanese society to the ??standard procedure?? of psychoanalytic therapy. In this way psychoanalysis in Japan implants a diversity into the international discourse which opposes the current trend towards general homogenization.     

Zur Induktions-Maschine:

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Zur Dynamik der Interaktion in der Supervision

The manifold functions of a supervisor in following the course of complex processes together with the trainee, are: ? to keep the goals of the supervision in view, ? to establish a teaching alliance and to support the wish and ambitions of the candidate to learn, ? to build a platform for the complex interactions with the trainee with regard to the dynamics of the training situation and keeping in mind the institutional influences, ? to lay down the setting for the work, ? to explore and to reflect how transference and counter-transference influence the interaction between patient and analyst as well as between trainee and supervisor, ? to examine these interactions together focussing continuously on the interaction between candidate and patient, and to encourage the candidate to do the same on his own, ? to continuously formulate hypotheses about the core conflict, the transference phenomena and resistance of the patient, ? to explore and reflect on the cooperative work.     

Zur Analyse des Bumerang-Effektes

Zusammenfassung In zwei Experimenten wurde mit Hilfe unterschiedlicher sozialer Attitüden und Werthaltungen jeweils die Hypothese geprüft, daß sich Einstellungen nach einstellungskonträrer Agitation in Richtung dieser Agitation oder aber nicht und in Gegenrichtung zur Agitation ändern, je nachdem ob sie weniger oder mehr in allgemeineren Werthaltungen verankert sind. Im Rahmen einer um die Konzeption der Verankerung erweiterten Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz können damit besser als bisher sogenannte Bumerang-Effekte bei Änderungen von Attitüden erklärt werden.

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Summary In two experiments we tested the following hypothesis concerning social attitudes and value orientations: Attitudes will be changed after counter-attitudinal agitation in the direction of this agitation or in opposite direction depending on their degree of being anchored in general value orientations. With the theory of cognitive dissonance, supplemented by the conception of anchoring, we are now able to explain better than before the so-called boomerang-effects which appear with attitude changes.