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The Role of the Humanities and Social Sciences in Nanotechnology Research and Development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mette Ebbesen 《Nanoethics》2008,2(1):1-13
The experience with genetically modified foods has been prominent in motivating science, industry and regulatory bodies to
address the social and ethical dimensions of nanotechnology. The overall objective is to gain the general public’s acceptance
of nanotechnology in order not to provoke a consumer boycott as it happened with genetically modified foods. It is stated
implicitly in reports on nanotechnology research and development that this acceptance depends on the public’s confidence in
the technology and that the confidence is created on the basis of information, education, openness and debate about scientific
and technological developments. Hence, it is assumed that informing and educating the public will create trust, which will
consequently lead to an acceptance of nanotechnology. Thus, the humanities and social sciences are seen as tools to achieve
public acceptance.
In this paper, the author argues that this is a narrow apprehension of the role of the humanities and social sciences. The
humanities and social sciences have a critical function asking fundamental questions and informing the public about these
reflections. This may lead to scepticism, however, the motivation for addressing the social and ethical dimensions of nanotechnology
should not be public acceptance but informed judgement. The author illustrates this critical function by discussing the role,
motivation and contribution of ethics as an example. Lastly, the author shows that a possible strategy for incorporating the
humanities and the social sciences into nanotechnology research and development is Real-Time Technology Assessment, where
the purpose is to integrate natural science and engineering investigations with ethical, legal and social science from the
outset.
相似文献
Mette EbbesenEmail: |
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Despite significant ethical advances in recent years, including professional developments in ethical review and codification, research deception continues to be a pervasive practice and contentious focus of debate in the behavioral sciences. Given the disciplines' generally stated ethical standards regarding the use of deceptive procedures, researchers have little practical guidance as to their ethical acceptability in specific research contexts. We use social contract theory to identify the conditions under which deception may or may not be morally permissible and formulate practical recommendations to guide researchers on the ethical employment of deception in behavioral science research. 相似文献
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理论的建构与验证:来自社会认同研究的经验(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
科学研究的核心在于理论的建构与验证。基于社会认同和群际关系研究的经验,本文提出了建构与验证心理学理论的四步方法:1)选择现象——观察我们身边及周围世界所发生的事件;2)寻找关键共性——厘定不同事件间的共同成份;3)抽象化(理论化)——提取关键共性中潜存的基本心理过程,并将其与已有的或者最新的理论相联系;4)验证假设——利用实验反复地验证理论。以上四个步骤引导着研究者针对现实生活中的社会事件展开科学研究。文章将以等级身份、身份霸权和桥梁身份等研究为例阐明上述方法,同时也提出在社会和人格心理学领域开展系统性研究的准则。 相似文献
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Gennady S. Batygin 《Studies in East European Thought》2004,56(1):7-54
This is a contribution to thesociology and social epistemology of knowledgeproduction in Russian social sciences today. Inthe initial section, the epistemic status andsocial function of Soviet social scientificdiscourse are characterized in terms of textualforms and their modes of (re-)production. Theremaining sections detail the course of therestructuration of social scientific discoursesince the fall of the Soviet Union and draw onextant empirical sources, in particular studiesof bibliographical rubrics, thematicrepertoires, and current textual formsthroughout the public sphere and the academicestablishment in Russia. An underlying concernis the shifting status of the intellectual inthe wider socio-cultural context as reflectedin language usage and its textualembodiments. 相似文献
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John E. Carr Eugene K. Emory Anthony Errichetti Suzanne Bennett Johnson Elena Reyes 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(1):33-39
The Institute of Medicine has reviewed and made recommendations concerning current teaching approaches, content, and barriers
to the incorporation of behavioral/social sciences in medical school curricula (Cuff & Vanselow, 2004). This paper discusses
those recommendations, the history of medical education reform, the barriers to and evolution of behavioral/social sciences’
inclusion, and the implications for psychology’s future role in academic medicine. Psychological concepts and technology permeate
medical practice, but little progress has been made in integrating psychological and biological sciences. Looking to its basic
science domains (e.g. cognition, learning, development, neuroscience), psychology can take scientific leadership in illuminating
the mechanisms by which behavioral/social processes interact with biological functions in health, thereby providing the empirical
basis for a truly integrated bio-behavioral curriculum.
This article is based upon a symposium, “IOM Report on Enhancing Behavioral & Social Science in Medical Education: Impact
and Opportunities for Psychology,” presented at the Annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington,
D.C., August 21, 2005. Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Chair; Elena Reyes, John E. Carr, and Anthony Errichetti, participants; Eugene
K. Emory, Discussant. 相似文献
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Valentina Rizzoli Paula Castro Arjuna Tuzzi Alberta Contarello 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(4):671-687
The European Journal of Social Psychology (EJSP), as the voice of the European Association of Social Psychology, aims to promote diversity and a distinctively ‘European’, more ‘social’, social psychology (SP). However, whether and how these objectives have been accomplished over time remains controversial. This article enters this debate, tracing the history of SP as depicted by EJSP publications, via two types of lexicometric analyses of all abstracts of the Journal (1971–2016). Themes, processes, methods, and their organisation in cycles and clusters over time, were identified and analysed. Regarding diversity, findings indicate that the publications reflect several of the new theoretical proposals that emerged over the years, but do not fully reflect the variety of perspectives and methods of the discipline. It further indicates that lately the ‘social’ is predominantly present in attention to pressing social issues, albeit the processes involved in them are mostly theorised at an individualistic level. This pattern suggests the importance of keeping open the quest for epistemological and methodological diversity, and of re-problematising what the ‘social’ in SP means. By contributing to mapping the history of SP, offering a more comprehensive and reflexive view for it, the present analyses also help in forging a stronger discipline. 相似文献
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Yoshikawa H 《American journal of community psychology》2006,38(1-2):31-34
Building on Maton, Perkins and Saegert’s framework on inter-disciplinary work related to community psychology, this article addresses two questions about community psychology in the context of the social, health and educational sciences: (1) What can community psychology learn from other disciplines? and (2) What can community psychology uniquely contribute to other disciplines? 相似文献
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The institutional contexts of research increasingly require researchers to anticipate their productivity and the uncertainties inherent in their research. This applies to both academic researchers and to researchers in start-up companies. This creates a specific kind of uncertainty, anticipatory uncertainty, that we define as the state of being uncertain as to whether research processes will be productive in a specific time frame and along situated definitions of good performance. In the life sciences, this anticipatory uncertainty is experienced and managed differently, depending on how research is organized and the cultural resources available in specific institutional contexts. In biotechnology companies, there is a readiness to embrace dynamic changes in both research strategies and the organization of work in response to new developments in the progress of the overall research agenda. In academia, the ability of research groups to react with similar flexibility seems significantly constrained by the individual attribution of research work and credit, and the correspondingly high level of individual anticipatory uncertainty. This raises questions about how far the current organization of academic research allows epistemic uncertainty to be embraced and corresponding risks to be taken, rather than safe questions to be pursued. 相似文献
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Thomas Davis 《Journal of Religious & Theological Information》2017,16(4):141-151
For over half a century now, the profession of social work has ignored calls to develop critical infrastructures for strengthening and expanding historical research in schools of social work. Since World War II, for example, doctoral dissertations involving significant historical research in schools of social work have become virtually extinct. The vanishing of these dissertations represents a simultaneous vanishing of social work's capacity to detect historical figures who are indigenous to and yet have remained undetected in social work history. As a result, and unintentionally, social work scholars have been seemingly unable to detect Louise de Marillac as the patron saint of social workers or Ellen Gates Starr as a popular folk saint among social workers in Catholic religious orders. The study includes the rare, post-mortem photograph of Ellen Gates Starr, dressed in the full habit of a Catholic Benedictine nun. 相似文献