Das Image von Psychologen, Psychotherapeuten und Psychiatern in der Öffentlichkeit

This is a systematic review of studies about the public image of or attitudes toward mental health professionals, particularly psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychotherapists (including psychoanalysts) on the basis of computerized medical and psychological databases (PsycLIT, Pub Med, Google Scholar) and their cross-references with 43 new articles. It is an update of an older meta-content analysis of the same topic (N= 60 primary studies) which analyzed studies, published between 1948 and 1995. Data about their perceived social status, field of activity and clinical expertise, their sex/gender and physical appearance, personality and social interaction (especially those between therapists and clients), their work setting and about differential effects are presented. It becomes obvious that there exists a “shrink”-stereotype, which refers equally to psychologists, psychotherapists and psychiatrists, and which differs from the stereotype of physicians. The appearance of the “shrink” stereotype is male and psychoanalytically influenced (looking as Sigmund Freud in the setting “couch”). The stereotypes of “shrink’s” personality are partially idealisations (warm, intelligent, understanding parental figures) and partially very negative images (the neurotic; the dangerous, manipulative abuser). Public image of “shrinks”, research deficits, methodological problems, and sex/gender issues are critically discussed.     

Andreas Großmann,Spur zum Heiligen: Kunst und Geschichte im Widerstreit zwischen Hegel und Heidegger

Continental Philosophy Review -     

Kierkegaard's anti-ecclesiology: the attack on ‘Christendom’, 1854–1855

Abstract

This article examines Kierkegaard's attack on the Danish state church in 1854–1855, beginning with Kierkegaard's rejection of Martensen's application of the term ‘witness to the truth’ to the recently deceased primate of the Danish church, J. P. Mynster. For Kierkegaard a witness to the truth is the person who emulates Christ's life of suffering and lives in poverty and abasement. It is an insult to the memory of the ‘glorious ones’ of the past to apply this term to the worldly, self-serving Mynster. The article goes on to consider Kierkegaard's conception of the heterogeneity of Christianity with the world, before considering Kierkegaard's rejection of the state church as a confusion of church and state which eliminates the Imitatio Christi essential for genuine Christian existence. The failure of the state church and its clergy to live according to the New Testament means that they are an abomination, and public worship is a blasphemous insult to God. The paper concludes by considering what lessons can be learned from Kierkegaard's radical anti-ecclesiology.     

Warum man Essentialist sein kann – eine logische Konstruktion im Schnittfeld von Sprache, Ontologie und Naturwissenschaft

Essentialism is, on the one hand, anchored with considerable firmness in a common sense picture of the world. On the other hand, it was dismissed for logico-philosophical reasons by a scientifically minded theorist like Quine. ``New essentialists' like Kripke did engage in very profitable theorizing on an essentialist basis, but made no significant effort to investigate the prospects of imparting to an essentialist metaphysics a solid foundation within a scientific world view. These foundational prospects are the concern of the article. – The investigation is guided by two ideas which are elaborated within a proof theoretical framework in the course of the article. First, being an essential F (where ``F' represents a predicate) is linked with a lifelong possession of the property signified by ``F' (but there is something more in it). Second, a special kind of necessity is involved in (true) predications of essential F-ness; it should be capable, like possibly all kinds of necessity, of being spelt out, in the final analysis, in terms of the provability of appropriate propositions in appropriate theoretical systems. In outlining the relevant axiomatic bases, the article draws on an early paper by E. Hirsch on individuation and essence.     

Zum Zusammenhang zwischen Vollzugslockerungen, Unterbringung im offenen Vollzug und Legalbewährung bei Sexualstraftätern

Early release, temporary absence, and minimum security confinement have been permitted less often in German prisons in recent years. There are several reasons and indications that sexual offenders are particularly affected by these developments. Prison files and recidivism data of 115 adult sexual offenders who had been in a Lower Saxony prison in the mid-1990s were analyzed for the current study to find out whether this group posed a specific risk when permitted temporary absence or minimum security confinement. It was also considered whether temporary absence and minimum security confinement were related to reduced recidivism after release. The average follow-up interval was 8.5 years. The following findings emerged: First, 50.9% were reconvicted for any offence, 21.3% with an aggressive offence, and only 7.4% were reconvicted with a sexual offence. Every fifth (19.4%) was sentenced to another prison term or had another probation term revoked. Second, rule-breaking and criminal activity by sex offenders during minimum confinement or temporary absence were very rare and of low severity. Third, sexual offenders in minimum security confinement were less likely to recidivate than others on all measures of reoffending. With Cox regression analyses that controlled for important risk factors for recidivism it was found that minimum security confinement contributed to reduced general, but not to reduced sexual or aggressive reoffending. No relationship was found between level of temporary absence status (unaccompanied vs. accompanied) and recidivism. It is concluded that, contrary to public opinion and judicial practice, sexual offenders can be granted minimum security confinement and temporary absence if an adequate selection process is implemented.     

Kurze Bemerkungen,und Zitate, über Vergangenheit und Zukunft der Mathematik,So Wie Gino Loria (1862–1954) Versucht Hat Sich Dieselben Zu Denken

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Lüdecke C,Sachsse U,Faure H (2010) Sucht – Bindung – Trauma: Psychotherapie von Sucht und Traumafolgen im neurobiologischen Kontext

Buchbesprechungen

Lüdecke C, Sachsse U, Faure H (2010) Sucht – Bindung – Trauma: Psychotherapie von Sucht und Traumafolgen im neurobiologischen Kontext Schattauer, Stuttgart, 364 S., ISBN-13: 978-3794527465, EUR 49,95     

Heise, Th, Schuler, J (Hrsg.)¶Das transkulturelle Psychoforum¶Band 4¶Transkulturelle Psychotherapie: Hilfen im ärztlichen und therapeutischen Umgang mit ausländischen Mitbürgern

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

„Was ist Wissenschaft? Darstellung und Bestandsaufnahme der deutschen Wissenschaftsphilosophie“; Wissenschaftszentrum Bonn, 17–19. März 2008

Ohne Zusammenfassung