Social Status as a Predictor of At-Risk Children

The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of children's social status as a predictor of social and academic success in school. Behavioral and cognitive correlates of social status are described, and the research on intervention strategies is discussed. Procedures for assessing children's social status are reviewed with a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. Suggestions are made for the use of assessment and intervention procedures by classroom teachers. The author calls for a priority in the schools for promoting conditions that facilitate social acceptance of children.     

Die Therapeutenrotation

For seven years, the so-called “rotation of therapists”, has been a central part of OLITA, the outpatient longterm intensive therapy for alcoholics. Thus far, the participation of several equally responsible therapists in the treatment of a patient has rarely been seen as a defined therapeutic approach. The present work discusses whether the “rotation of therapists” has any essential influence on the success of OLITA. It considers both, potential advantages and disadvantages for patients and therapists and tries to identify conditions under which this approach appears to promote therapeutic interactions. Following an overview of the present knowledge regarding the therapeutic interaction in addiction therapy, a method is described which may be seen as the precedent of the “rotation of therapists”, the multiple psychotherapy. Finally, the practical procedure in OLITA is outlined as well as its theoretical background. New areas of application for the “rotation of therapists” are discussed.     

The MicroAce: An inexpensive computer controller

A $200 computer system is described that can act as a laboratory controller. Advantages and disadvantages of the system are discussed.     

Group round]

The traditional clinical round as a means of communication, information and teaching has considerable disadvantages; therefore a procedure is proposed after 5-years testing called "group round" as a supplementary procedure. It spares the time of the physician, enables the orientation in the individual patient and moreover the observation of interaction between the patients themselves and between patients and personal staff and facilitates teaching. The less experienced physician gets an easier approach to group psychotherapy, essential effects of which become effective in the procedure. The breaking of professional secrecy can be avoided.     

Generation of random-dot stereogratings

Stereogratings are an extension of periodic stimulation to the Cyclopean domain. A program for the generation of random-dot stereogratings is described, with discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the program.     

The Georgia family Q-sort: an observational measure of family functioning

The development of a new observational measure of family functioning using a Q-sort methodology is described. The Q-sort is one way of obtaining observer measures of family that complements both microcoding and global ratings of family processes. Evidence for construct validity is presented along with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the Q-sort approach to family observation.     

Psychological evaluation by means of an on-line computer

The use of an on-line microcomputer-based testing system in a private clinical psychology practice is described. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Information about procedures and fees are presented.     

A Paraprofessional Training Model Based on the Employment Service Training Unit Concept

A paraprofessional inservice training model is presented which is based on the Employment Service Training Unit (ESTU) concept. The model encourages the use of professional staff in the local work setting as a viable source for training paraprofessional staff members. The advantages and disadvantages of current training programs are described, with the ESTU model presented as an alternative for a more effective paraprofessional training program.     

Technical improvements to the projection tachistoscope

Three disadvantages of the usual projection tachistoscope are discussed. Because of low mechanical precision, stimulus alignment is difficult. Because of rather low focal distances of the projection lenses, the stimuli provide visual angles that are often larger than desired, and the photographic shutters are noisy, are relatively inert, and have a limited service life. A new construction is described that avoids these disadvantages with a modified configuration of commercial elements: stable and precise mounting of the single channels, a double-lens projection system, and a noiseless, fast mechanical shutter based on a limited-rotation motor.     

Using the FORTH language in real-time computer applications

The FORTH computer language is described, with emphasis on aspects relevant to its use in the real-time control of psychological experiments via microcomputers. Among FORTH’s advantages are speed, compactness, and flexibility. Potential disadvantages include unusual syntax and lack of file-oriented disk access. Two sample FORTH-based systems are described.     

A general measure of organization in free recall for variable unit size and internal sequential consistency

A general procedure that can be applied to any type of free recall data for the quantitative measurement of subjective organization intertrial repetitions (ITRs) is described. The procedure makes it possible to examine any unit size with any type of internal consistency criterion. The application of this procedure and the corresponding expected value formula to four distinct data measurement cases is described, and several applied subjective organization measures are discussed. In addition, the relationship of clustering as a special case of subjective organization is demonstrated.     

口腔颌面部脉管畸形两种非手术治疗方案比较

在治疗口腔颌面部脉管畸形的众多治疗方法中,激光治疗和瘤腔内药物注射是两种最为常用而且有效的非手术治疗手段。本文通过结合两者各自的优缺点,利用比较治疗学相关原理和方法,从治疗方法、治疗效果、治疗费用等方面对两者进行比较,以便获得一些启发,为临床治疗提供一定的借鉴。     

Minimization of a class of matrix trace functions by means of refined majorization

A procedure is described for minimizing a class of matrix trace functions. The procedure is a refinement of an earlier procedure for minimizing the class of matrix trace functions using majorization. It contains a recently proposed algorithm by Koschat and Swayne for weighted Procrustes rotation as a special case. A number of trial analyses demonstrate that the refined majorization procedure is more efficient than the earlier majorization-based procedure. The research of H. A. L. Kiers has been made possible by a fellowship from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.     

The objective definition of simple structure in linear factor analysis

Requirements for an objective definition of simple structure are investigated and a number of proposed objective criteria are evaluated. A distinction is drawn between exploratory factorial studies and confirmatory factorial studies, with the conclusion drawn that objective definition of simple structure depends on study design as well as on objective criteria. A proposed definition of simple structure is described in terms of linear constellations. This definition lacks only a statistical test to compare with possible chance results. A computational procedure is also described for searching for linear constellations. This procedure is very laborious and might best be accomplished on high-speed automatic computers. There is no guarantee that the procedure will find all linear constellations, but it probably would yield satisfactory results for well-designed studies.     

A Strategy for Reducing and Analyzing Ordered Choice Data

A major barrier to use of new measurement methodologies in behavioral research has been the difficulties encountered in collecting individual judgements. Balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) procedures offer enormous flexibility in the way judgmental data may be collected. The advantages and disadvantages of BIBDs are clarified and their use is demonstrated with an empirical example. A procedure for reducing data of this type to analyzable form is proposed and an analytical approach that is appropriate for the resulting data is illustrated.     

Ordered binary trees constructed through an application of Kendall's tau

A procedure is described for orienting the nodes of a binary tree to maximize the Kendall rank order correlation (tau) between node order and a given external criterion. The procedure is computationally efficient and is based on application of an ordered set of node tests.     

Überwachung mittels „elektronischer Fußfessel“

For forensic expert witnesses the introduction of electronic surveillance to the German penal code system raised new questions, such as the effects on relapse prevention. This paper presents international experiences about the effects of electronic tagging, especially on relapse prevention, and lists the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure. Also the recommendations for electronic tagging concerning a sexual offender who was repeatedly convicted and released after 10 years of imprisonment are described.     

A computational procedure for tau correlation

Thetau coefficient is defined, and a computational procedure for tied ranks is described. The procedure maintains continuous computational checks, saves labor, and particularly facilitates the use oftau with large samples. It is also shown howtau correlation may be applied toQ-sorts with any shape of forced distribution or with unforced distributions.The procedure described was developed in connection with research at the Counseling Center, University of Chicago. The research is supported by a grant (PHS M 903) from the National Institute of Mental Health, of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service.     

Single‐Case Experimental Designs for the Evaluation of Treatments for Self‐Injurious and Suicidal Behaviors

Single‐case experimental designs (SCEDs) provide a time‐ and cost‐effective alternative to randomized clinical trials and offer significant advantages in terms of internal and external validity. A brief history and primer on SCEDs is provided, specifically for use in suicide intervention research. Various SCED methodologies, such as AB, ABAB, multiple baseline, and changing criterion designs, are described. Advantages and disadvantages of their use specifically for intervention research for suicidal and self‐injurious behaviors are detailed.     

Finding relations between systems of entities: a multivariate approach

A procedure to find out the relationship between systems of entities is described. The crux of the approach depends on projecting the systems to be compared on the same arbitrary hyperspace so that any two systems of entities can be related. The procedure described applies to data presented in square or rectangular non-singular matrices and provides a procedure to determine multiple regression coefficients, multiple correlations, canonical correlations and the relationships between the inner product of the row vectors and of the column vectors of the matrices involved. The operations described apply to raw values, deviation or standard scores, and may help in interdisciplinary research, though the risks involved in the blind application of a mathematical abstract formulation should not be ignored.