遣除语言的遮蔽——文殊与不二法门

“不二法门”的来历与文殊有密不可分的关系。后来它又演化为一个成语,经常被人站在不同角度使用。《维摩诘经》中生动地展现了维摩诘与文殊以及众菩萨之间共议“不二法门”的精彩场景。一《维摩诘经》是大乘佛教的一部著名经典。本经旨在阐说维摩所证之不可思议解脱法门,故又名《不可思议解脱经》,共十四品。其主要线索是维摩以众生病故我病示疾,佛欲派舍利弗等十大弟子和弥勒等四大菩萨前往慰问,但他们皆因曾受到维摩呵斥而表示难胜此任,推脱不去;最后佛遣文殊代为探病。文殊尽管深知“彼上人者,难为酬对,深达实相,善说法要,辩才无滞,智慧…     

《维摩诘经讲经文》中的文殊信仰——以贞松堂藏本及国图藏《文殊问疾》为考察中心

敦煌遗书中现存8篇《维摩诘经讲经文》,皆演绎鸠摩罗什所译《维摩诘所说经》,其中演绎《文殊问疾品》的共有两篇:罗振玉贞松堂藏本《维摩诘经讲经文·文殊问疾(第一卷)》及国家图书馆藏BD15245号(新1445)《维摩诘经讲经文·文殊问疾(第二卷)》.本文从这两卷讲经文之间的关联、写作年代以及其尊崇文殊的文化现象等方面进行了考察,认为:这两卷讲经文内容大致相接,属于同一大部维摩诘讲经文内前后相接的两卷,产生于中唐时期.与原始经文相比,这两卷讲经文都呈现出尊崇文殊的特点,这与当时唐代敦煌地区民间盛行的文殊信仰有直接关系,记载文殊降诞时有“十般瑞相”之说的《文殊吉祥经》是其源头,它影响到维摩诘讲唱文学的构成元素.     

唐五代佛寺壁画里的文殊

唐五代时期佛寺壁画里的文殊形象,常和普贤相对而出,也常见于对“维摩示疾文殊来问”这一情形的描绘中,在寺绘里文殊菩萨常坐骑于狮子之上；同时,文殊形象也有五髻文殊、千钵文殊、五台山文殊变相等形式.通过比观典籍文字的记载和今存的文物壁画,可以发现二者是相互印证、一致的.     

从“辩才无碍”到“默然无言”——唐宋维摩诘像的内在精神转变

唐宋时期,维摩诘像的绘制盛行不衰,诸多名家都有过绘制维摩诘像的记载。而同一题材同一内容绘制的技法不同,其蕴藏的内在精神也存在着转变,题材和主题完全一致,人物动态也相去不远,但却展示了绝然不同的精神面貌。他们各自有其深刻的社会时代的心理原因。＂辩才无碍＂表现了唐人的精神气质;＂默然无言＂揭示了宋人的内心情愫。     

王维、白居易与佛诗

王维、白居易与佛诗在唐朝诗人中，王维、白居易等，堪称佛诗的广大教化主。其中王维与禅宗惠能的嫡传弟子神会、华严宗僧人道光，都曾有过密切的交往，并向他们请教佛法。由于王维从小便信佛，所以还特意以《维摩诘经》中维摩诘居士的＂摩诘＂，作为自己的字。我们这里且...     

《维摩诘经》中文殊的来去之辨

《维摩诘经》是一部广为流传的大乘经典,通过维摩诘与文殊等共论佛法,彰显大乘空义。然而,与维摩诘所受重视程度相比,以往对该经中的文殊研究则少之又少,极不相称。通过聚焦维摩诘与文殊初见时的来去之辨,试图在比较梵汉文本间差异的基础上,联系相关平行文本与历代注疏,分析文殊的相关思想与形象。认为罗什、玄奘译本使得原本维摩诘的普通问候多了一层无相的玄理,文殊的回应延续这一思想,继续深入阐发。对话中的语句与思想与《中论》《金刚经》相关内容有极大地相似性,而这一思想在后世的注疏中也呈现不同的诠释和倾向,并勾勒出文殊在思想、境界上与维摩诘相应相称的形象。     

智顗对病的诠释:因中实病与果上权病北大核心CSSCI

如何看待疾病,如何看待佛菩萨与众生不同的疾病?智顗认为两者有所区别也有所联系。众生之疾病是实病,有诸多成疾之因,而菩萨之疾病是权病,是菩萨大悲心起,因众生实病而于应身显现权病,其目的在于兴教说法,利益众生,消除疾病。权病无形无相,离身离心,不可思议,其所以可能治愈众生实病,在于菩萨以三教慰喻,三观调伏三土有疾菩萨之实病,而有疾菩萨现权病亦以三教、三观对治三土众生之实病。众生实疾除灭,菩萨权病亦灭。智顗极为注重修行,当修行实践中生起疾病时,他认为应该借由十乘观法来观修病患境,禅修所起之病应以六治十法来灭除。实病与权病,一者思议,一者不思议。     

智顗对病的诠释:因中实病与果上权病

如何看待疾病,如何看待佛菩萨与众生不同的疾病?智顗认为两者有所区别也有所联系。众生之疾病是实病,有诸多成疾之因,而菩萨之疾病是权病,是菩萨大悲心起,因众生实病而于应身显现权病,其目的在于兴教说法,利益众生,消除疾病。权病无形无相,离身离心,不可思议,其所以可能治愈众生实病,在于菩萨以三教慰喻,三观调伏三土有疾菩萨之实病,而有疾菩萨现权病亦以三教、三观对治三土众生之实病。众生实疾除灭,菩萨权病亦灭。智顗极为注重修行,当修行实践中生起疾病时,他认为应该借由十乘观法来观修病患境,禅修所起之病应以六治十法来灭除。实病与权病,一者思议,一者不思议。     

香积厨

初到五祖寺时,天近中午。在林阴道上漫无目的地走,忽然闻到一股淡淡的、沉静的暗香,从林丛间袭来。原来已经走近了寺院的厨房——香积厨。香积厨是一个清雅的名字,源自《维摩诘所说经》。维摩诘居士病了,佛陀派弟子们去探病,维摩诘居士借机宣讲大乘佛法。     

《论语》考辨一则

<正> 《论语·为政》载: 孟武伯问孝。子曰:“父母唯其疾之忧。”“疾”,当然作“病”解。问题是谁忧谁之疾。王充、高诱等人都以为是孝子忧父母之疾;马融则以为是父母忧儿子之疾。现代学者杨伯峻认为“两说皆可通”,而采用了马融之说,“做爹娘的只是为孝子的疾病发愁。”     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.