农村社会养老保险实施状况分析

中国作为一个人口大国,21世纪将面临“老龄化”更大危机,迫切需要解决的一个问题就是老年人的养老问题,在农村这种情况尤为突出。老年人迅速增多、农村家庭的组合方式改变、经济形势的变化等等都将农村的养老问题摆在了我们面前。于是,选择一个适合中国农村的养老方式对农村的现代化和进步有着十分重要的意义。     

AI智能技术在空巢老人厨房环境设计中的实践路径

在这个人口老龄化的时代,居家养老成为整个社会关注的问题。随着时代的不断发展,AI智能技术开始走进每一个普通家庭。AI智能技术为居家养老提供了一个新模式,保障了老年人,特别是空巢老人的生活质量。在居家养老的环境设计中,厨房作为建筑结构中的重要组成部分,在人们日常空间活动中占据重要地位,厨房环境设计的科学性能够直接影响人们的生活质量。本文以空巢老人的需求为基础,对智能化厨房环境设计进行分析,结合生活实例探讨AI智能技术在空巢老人厨房环境设计应用的有效措施,力求建立一个安全、舒适、简单的厨房环境,为提高空巢老人生活质量奠定基础。     

人性化居住养老环境设计探究

目前世界老年人口接近7亿,部分国家人口老龄化日趋严重,而我国虽是人口大国,拥有近13亿的人口,是世界上的人口大国。前几十年出台的计划生育政策控制人口的快速增长,可喜的是控制了我国人口的快速增长,减轻了经济发展的负担,但是弊端也日益显露,就是我国人口老龄化越来越严重,农村有很多的空巢老人,或者是老人抚养孙子孙女,等等。可见老年人的生活条件、社交、医疗、居住等方面不容乐观,他们需要轻松的生活,隐私居住环境的设计和规划方面,要将老年人的心理、生理、习惯等因素考虑在内,创造一个温馨、快乐、闲适的生活环境,设计出人性化居住养老空间,减轻子女和社会的负担,增进社会的稳定和谐。     

论弘扬传统道德文化对我国独生子女家庭养老的意义

所谓独生子女家庭养老,主要是以独生子女家庭为主要载体的一种居家养老方式。目前,存在于我国社会的养老模式有很多,比如家庭养老、社会养老、以房养老、异地养老、旅游养老等等。其中主要的养老方式是家庭养老和社会养老这两种模式。而在家庭养老和社会养老两种模式中,以家庭养老更为普遍和传统,也为多数的老人和家庭所普遍接受。我国从1979年严格实行计划生育政策以来,独生子女家庭已经成为社会最主要和普遍的家庭模式。经过三十多年的发展,国家逐渐步人老龄化社会。并且人口老龄化形势在21世纪的中国将愈加严重。在这样的条件下,研究独生子女家庭养老的保障问题,特别是研究传统道德文化对解决这一问题的意义,是非常必要的。     

为空巢老人祈祷

正你的父母正在"空巢"吗?你的晚年也会"空巢"吗?一份新闻报道的副标题让我深思……报道引用民政部的相关数据指出,目前我国城乡空巢家庭达到70%,农村空巢老人数量6000万;2021年-2035年,中国将出现第二个老年人口增长高峰,年均将增加1100多万人。农村青壮年劳动力外出务工、经商、上学造成大量家庭空巢,城市青壮年外出上学、就业以及异城居住和同城分别居住情况也十分普遍。空巢家庭已是21世纪我国城市,甚至是许多农村地区老年人家庭的主要模式。     

我国养老存在的问题及发展社区养老的必然性

目前,我国老年人口已占总人口的10%,正在步入"老年型"国家。人口老龄化给我国经济、政治、社会、文化发展带来深刻影响,也给养老工作带来了巨大挑战。随着我国人口老龄化的加速发展,养老出现了"未富先老""骤然老化"等特点,要解决好养老问题,就要依据我国国情,发展与之相符的的养老服务模式。社区养老作为一种相对新兴的养老模式,既保证了传统家庭养老继续为老年人服务的特点,又能为老年人提供机构养老的专业服务,它将成为养老的一种新选择。     

试论《管子》的养老思想

《管子》是我国古代一部重要的典籍。它内容丰富,博大精深,涉及经济、政治、哲学、军事、社会保障等诸多学科,在养老方面也有诸多的阐述。梳理《管子》养老思想中的孝道传统,研究其推行的“爱亲善养,思敬奉教”的家庭养老模式和社会养老保障制度,总结其实施养老政策过程中的政治智慧,对解决我们今天的养老问题可以提供有益的启示和借鉴。     

空巢老人心理健康的现状及研究述评

空巢老人的心理健康引起了国内外研究者们的高度关注,逐渐成为一个热点课题.在综合国内外有关空巢老人心理健康的研究文献后发现,目前,学界对空巢老人的界定并不统一;从其心理健康现状来看,空巢综合症是空巢老人各种身心症状的主要体现,主要受社会支持、性别、婚姻状况、经济收入以及其他一些社会人口学因素的影响.虽然对空巢老人心理健康的研究已取得一些成就,但仍存在一些尚待解决的问题,未来研究应从统一空巢老人的涵义,完善研究方法,深入对其自身内部心理因素的探讨及加强跨文化的比较与借鉴等方面来开展.     

赡养与自理的均衡:农村留守老人家庭养老的代际伦理——以湖南省新田县SH镇的调查为例

农村留守老人的家庭养老已经成了一个无法回避的公共问题.我们通过问卷调查与个案访谈对农村留守老人的家庭养老所凸显的代际伦理问题进行了实证研究.大多数留守老人在经济上的自立性、生活照料上的自理性、与子女沟通的低频度表明传统的“赡养”方式发生了变化;但是,外出子女对留守老人普遍的经济支持,情感互诉的高支持度又说明传统的“孝道”观念仍然发挥作用,大多数家庭亲子关系良好,以“奉献”主导的代际伦理的非对称性在维系着家庭养老实践.如何弘扬传统养老美德并实现现代转型,建立个人、家庭、社会和国家相结合的多元养老保障体系迫在眉睫.     

完善我国社会养老服务体系的深层思考——基于江苏养老服务现状的考察分析

随着当今社会完全进入老年型人口发展阶段,养老问题日益凸显,尤其在家庭结构趋于核心化、政府职能转变以及市场失灵的状况下,养老需求与养老服务之间矛盾愈加突出。为满足不断增长的养老服务需求,进一步促进社会养老服务体系的形成与发展,养老服务应逐渐进入社会养老的公共领域,加快将养老问题与养老服务推向社会化。本文从系统理论与增权理论的视角,深入考察完善社会养老服务体系对于改善养老问题和推动社会养老服务事业发展的社会意义和价值。     

Changes in the Family System and in Its Beliefs About Control,Trust, and Vulnerability Related to Economic Extortive Kidnapping

Abstract

This article reports some results of a study on the effects of economic extortive kidnapping (EEK) on the family system, and on family beliefs about control over one's life, trust in others, and vulnerability to kidnapping. Eighteen families having one of their relatives in captivity and 54 who had their relative released were interviewed. During captivity, family communication and affective involvement improved. However, the negotiation made family relationships more prone to conflict. After release, family relationships became more empathetic; family communication and affective involvement improved, but the loss of trust in their surroundings and the fear of becoming victims again, led families to feel safe only in their own home and to perceive social context as threatening.     

家庭抗逆力理论在风险应对领域的应用：演变、价值及挑战

家庭抗逆力理论是近年来风险应对研究领域中被引最高的理论之一。该理论的提出源自McCubbin等人对军人家庭应对战争危机的观察与思考,得益于早期学者对家庭压力和家庭系统理论的探究。经数次修订后,该理论经历了由静态特征到动态变化的发展过程,形成了一个具有较广泛内涵与外延的理论体系。其早期应用集中于创伤修复、家庭压力应对等主题,之后涉及复原力等更丰富的研究议题,已成为临床干预工作的实践导引和COVID-19大流行以来国家和社会、家庭和个体层面“危机事件—适应能力”关系的重要解释机制。其应用面临来自元理论研究、方法学及跨文化与社会变迁观点的挑战。未来研究应明晰概念与整合模型、使用混合方法与制定评估指标体系、强化家庭抗逆力理论的本土化研究与构建中国特色家庭抗逆力理论体系。     

A qualitative examination of the work–family interface: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

Within the work–family literature little is known about the work–family challenges and opportunities faced by families that have one or more children with autism spectrum disorder. However, it has been consistently demonstrated that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder are at a higher risk of experiencing a host of negative outcomes. Using a qualitative design, within grounded theory, the present study sheds light on the needs, experiences, and challenges that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder face and also offers insight into ways to expand the scope of work–family research in this area. The present research provides evidence of how the family domain can greatly impact experiences and decisions made in the work domain for families with special needs. The present research adds to the small but growing literature examining the interplay between home and work life for families with special needs and demonstrates that this is an important research domain in need of additional conceptual and empirical consideration.     

基于性别平等的和谐家庭论

性别平等是实现和谐家庭与和谐社会的重要条件和特征.和谐家庭应是保障男女人格尊严、人生价值、权利地位、家庭责任及生存和发展机会的平等基础上的新型有序状态.男女平等基本国策在我国家庭领域基本得到贯彻,但是当今家庭仍然存在一些性别不平等现象.实现基于性别平等的家庭和谐的社会途径是提高女性家庭经济地位、建设先进性别文化和进一步推进社会性别主流化.     

共同养育研究及对儿童适应的影响

共同养育有别于个人养育, 在家庭系统中关注多个养育者共同抚养儿童的方式; 研究不同于婚姻关系、亲子关系的共同养育对儿童适应的独特贡献将有助于全面理解儿童在家庭生态系统中的成长过程。目前, 研究者们对共同养育的概念和内涵尚未有一致的界定, 共同养育的测量方法也未成体系。同时大量实证研究表明, 共同养育不仅直接影响儿童适应, 也通过亲子系统和婚姻关系系统间接影响儿童发展。未来的研究应结合中国社会文化背景下的特殊家庭类型如留守儿童家庭、离婚家庭、隔代养育家庭、服刑人员家庭的特点对共同养育的基本理论(如不同类型共同养育内部结构、评估体系等)问题以及对儿童适应影响的工作机制进行深入探讨。     

Understanding the Adoptive Family within the Context of Christian Hospitality

Abstract : Adoptive families can take many forms, yet there are similarities across adoptive family types that can be studied. Relevant research regarding the adoptive kinship network, openness and contact in adoption, family communication about adoption, adoption‐related curiosity and information‐seeking, and adoptive identity is reviewed. Christian hospitality is provided as a context within which adoptive families are formed and understood.     

Utilizing structural family therapy and systems theory in the business world

The structure of businesses and the structure of families are very similar, considering the fact that so many businesses are owned or operated by families. Structural family therapists who are knowledgeable in systems theory and have an adequate understanding of the underlying concepts of structural family theory (including hierarchy, boundaries, and coalitions) can translate their knowledge to the structure of businesses and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the similarities between the structures of families and businesses. In doing so, an application of structural family theory to the business world (employee assistance programs, business consultation, and family businesses) will be demonstrated.     

Single parenting: Interventions in the transitional stage

Following divorce or separation, many mother-headed families need to mourn losses, including reduced economic resources. They need to reestablish family rituals, confront such issues as time management and structural changes that can result in scapegoating or over-reliance on a parental child. Normalizing difficulties associated with parenting is important because single parents tend to internalize societal attribution of family difficulties to inadequate family structure rather than developmental stages, limited economic resources, and negative expectations about the capacity of women to head families.     

Innovations in Family Support: What Are We Learning?

As family support programs develop across the United States through grassroots efforts by families, state demonstration projects, and local initiatives, new opportunities have become available to examine the experiences of families with service delivery systems. In this study, the research team examined key principles of innovative family support and their effects on families with children at high risk for out-of-home placements. The research team used a multi-case study design with indepth participant observation and semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of families. The findings on agency implementation and the families' perspectives are described, together with implications for agency change in family support. The findings point to the need for a re-examination of the emerging approaches to family support innovations, including in the context of national policy reform and the agency-based, service delivery system.     

Grandparents as family stabilizers during economic hardship in Bulgaria

T he present study of three generations' families living together during a period of marked economic dislocation investigates whether supportive grandparents can ameliorate the negative effects of economic stress on parenting and on teen outcomes. The study focuses on harsh parenting and adolescent depression, which has been shown to be especially responsive to economic stress. Three hypotheses were investigated: (1) in extended families there is a link between economic adversity and adolescent depression that is mediated by harsh parenting; (2) grandparent support diminishes the relationship between economic pressure and harsh parenting; and (3) grandparent support diminishes the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Data were collected from a community sample of 62 extended families with an adolescent during a period of marked economic dislocation in Bulgaria. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents completed questionnaires about perceived economic pressure, parents' harsh parenting, and perceived support of grandparents. Adolescents also completed a measure of self‐reported depression. Additional interviews were conducted with every eligible family member about family relations. Results showed that even though there was significant economic stress reported by parents, adolescents reported moderate levels of depression and low levels of harsh parenting by mothers and fathers. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that whenever respondents experienced support by grandparents, it made a difference for family members. More specifically, despite economic stress, mothers who experienced the support of grandparents tended to exercise less harsh parenting practices than mothers who lacked such support. Furthermore, when grandparents were supportive, harsh parenting was not associated with adolescent depression. These findings are discussed in the light of existing studies of families under economic pressure with a special focus on extended family relations and the role of cultural context.