不同学段、年级学生对教师评价行为知觉的特点

学生对教师评价行为的知觉指学生对教师指向他们的评价行为的主观感受和体验,包括“明确目标”、“收集信息”、“反馈改进”、“关注过程”、“激励期望”和“沟通理解”等六个维度,前三个方面属于操作要素,后三个方面属于基础要素.本研究采用问卷法,选取小学四年级到初中三年级共746名学生作为研究对象,探讨了不同学段、年级学生对教师评价行为知觉的特点.研究结果表明:除了“激励期望”和“沟通理解”两个维度,小学生在其它维度上对教师评价行为的知觉优于初中生.小学生对教师评价行为的知觉不存在年级差异.初一学生在操作要素方面的知觉优于初二和初三学生,在基础要素方面优于初二学生.初二学生对教师评价行为的知觉出现明显的消极化倾向,在基础要素上初一和初三学生的知觉显现明显的反弹.本文对研究结果的教育意义进行了探讨.     

教师课堂教学中的自我表露对学生评价的影响

采用2×3的被试间设计研究课堂教学中教师的自我表露对学生评价的影响.被试分别以视频(录音)形式观看(收听)无表露、表露个人成长经历、表露工作的讲座片断,并对讲座中教师进行评价.结果表明:(1)表露个人经历在视频组和录音组都表现出评价上的优势.(2)热情——冷淡维度,表露工作情况视频比录音评价更高;稳重-轻浮维度,无表露情况视频比录音评价更高.(3)录音组中,高年级对表露和无表露组的评价差距与低年级无显著差异.     

青少年学生的自立人格

经过5个步骤编制出了人格特质词的《大学生问卷》、《高中生问卷》、《初中生问卷》和《青少年学生问卷》,分别对大学生、高中生和初中生进行调查和探索性因素分析。结果发现：①《大学生问卷》显示的自立人格包括主动性、开放性、人际责任、积极性和独立性五个维度;②《高中生问卷》显示的自立人格包括人际开放与责任性、灵活与独立性、主动性和行为责任四个维度;③《初中生问卷》显示的自立人格包括主动与行为责任、开放性、人际责任、积极性、灵活与独立性五个维度;④《青少年学生问卷》显示的自立人格包括灵活与独立性、责任性、主动性、人际开放四个维度。最后,对自立人格构念的合理性、自立人格中“开放性”与“责任性”维度的特点、青少年学生自立人格结构的一致性程度以及本研究在探索自立人格结构方面的优劣等问题进行了讨论     

神经质人格特征的研究现状

近年来,关于心身健康的问题成为人们讨论的热点,学者们认为人格特质与健康密不可分,"病由心生"成为大众普遍接受的观点。神经质是人格特质中的一个重要维度,作为一种消极情绪的代名词受到了众多学者关注。学者们从不同的角度来研究神经质问题,却鲜有对神经质这一人格特征进行较为系统地论述。研究旨在对神经质的研究现状、评估方法以及有效...     

大学教师教学效果评价维度结构及影响因素研究

本文用协方差结构模型方法,对大学教师教学效果的评价结构维度以及维度结构关系和影响因素进行分析。结果表明：(1)教学绩效评价具有七个维度;(2)七个维度之间具有一定的因果关系：知识宽度、人际和谐为外源影响变量,教学热情、师生互动、教学管理、功课量为中介变量,学习价值感为结果变量;(3)评价问卷具有跨专业、跨年级稳定性,并不受课程类别影响,说明评价问卷具有很高的信度。     

小学数学作业评价的新探索

新课程提倡评价目标的多元化,评价内容的多维度和评价方法的多样化。在实施新课程的过程中如何这些评价目标,是人们十分关注的问题。数学课程评价改革涉及多方面的问题,包括学生课堂评价的改革,数学作业评价的改革,学生学习评价的改革等。我重点阐述学生数学作业评价的新探索。小学数学作业评价是实施数学学习评价的重要组成部分,作业是学生获取、巩固、应用知识的一种手段,是课堂教学的延续,所以作业也是师生交流互动的又一种方式,评价是向学生反馈学习情况的一种形式,其目的是为了促进学生全面发展。长期以来,批改作业,评定成绩几乎有教师包办,呈现的评价方式,是填写单一的“优、良、中、差”等级,这样单一的等级评定,己成为广大学生的“家常便饭”,而学生对教师大量时间批改后的作业,只看成绩,并不加反思。这主要是因为学生错误地认为,作业是自己的事对错与否是老师的事,与自己不相干,没有形成积极的情感、态度、价值观,同时也没有形成平静与反思意识。因此,呈现小学数学作业评价方式,应充分关注学生的个体差异,发挥其导向、调控、激励等功能,促进学生全面、持续、和谐的发展。     

同事评价教师绩效的结构验证性因素分析

考察了教师绩效同事评价结果的因素结构。通过文献回顾、开放式调查、关键事件访谈和理论分析,提出了教师绩效的结构,通过验证性因素分析验证了同事评价教师绩效的结构。发现教师绩效包含6个维度,即职业道德、职务奉献、助人合作、教学效能、教学价值与师生互动,前3个维度组成关系绩效,其余维度组成任务绩效。关系绩效与任务绩效有较高的相关。     

提高教师课堂教学能力方法的实验研究

从教师课堂教学能力、教师能力自我概念、学生对教师课堂教学能力的评价及学生的思维品质等方面探讨了角色改变、摄象自我评价、现场指导三种方法对提高教师课堂教学能力的有效性、结果表明：角色改变、摄象自我评价、现场指导三种方法的合理结合是提高教师课堂教学能力的较好方法;教师课堂能力的不同维度其发展速度不同,依次为：认知能力、操作能力和监控能力;教师课堂教学能力的发展是受其自我概念发展水平影响的;教师课堂教学能力的提高促进了学生思维的深刻性、灵活性、独创性、批判性等思维品质的发展。     

谈以学生为主体理念下建构多元评价体系

传统的教学,对学生学习成绩的评价绝对是以教师为主的,教师对学生进行的这种评价,不仅是最权威的,而且似乎是天经地义的事情,几乎从来没有人对这种评价提出置疑,也很少有人去分析其存在的弊端。殊不知,由于教师精力的不足、各学科特点的不同、学生学习时间的多样化（课内与课外等）,仅仅由教师来评价学生的科学学习,难免会有了解不到、掌握不准确之处,将会导致这种评价的片面性。因此,各课的《课程标准》均倡导在对学生的科学学习成绩进行评价时,既要有教师和家长从外部对学生进行的评价,还要有学生对自己的学习情况进行的内部评价,以及学生相互之间的评价,使得学习评价主体呈现多元化趋势,可有效的防止以偏盖全。我们在科学课教学过程中,特别注重改变学习评价主体,建立多元化的科学评价体系,在调动学生学习积极性,提高教学效果方面收到了较为理想的成效。     

大学生人格特质与主观幸福感的关系:儒家心理资产的中介作用

以308名大学生为被试,以《大五人格问卷》、《儒家心理资产问卷》、《生活满意度量表》和《积极消极情感量表》为工具,考察人格特质、儒家心理资产与主观幸福感的关系。结果表明:(1)五种人格特质与儒家心理资产的八个维度存在不同程度的相关;(2)儒家心理资产八个维度与主观幸福感的不同指标相关不同;(3)爱人、务民、崇德、学等儒家心理资产维度在人格特质与主观幸福感总分之间起部分中介作用。本研究是对《论语》管理智慧实证化的创新性尝试。     

小学生人格测评结构的验证性因素分析

该文以自然语言的方式,采用大范围开放式问卷(n=1885)、理论分析等方法编制小学生人格发展教师评定问卷,并通过探索性因素分析(n=628)、验证性因素分析(n=1316)得出小学生人格测评结构包括认真自控、智能特征、情绪性、亲社会性四个维度11个特质。问卷具有较好的信度和效度。     

Dissimilarity and attraction: when difference makes a difference.

Students in 93 university classes described themselves and their instructors on personality tests measuring traits relevant (ascendancy and personal relations) and irrelevant (sociability and cautiousness) to teaching skill. Dissimilarity (instructor being higher than student) on relevant trait dimensions was hypothesized to be instrumental for student satisfaction with an instructor's role performance. When students were classified as similar or dissimilar to their instructors on the personality dimensions, those most attracted to their instructors were those dissimilar on relevant (but not irrelevant) traits. The dissimilarity finding was not an artifact of differences in skill of instructor nor of differences in students' perceptions of their instructors' traits. A three-dimensional system was devised to specify when similarity and dissimilarity should promote attraction.     

阅读障碍学生创造力特征的研究

本研究采用问卷测量的方法,对76名阅读障碍学生的创造力特征以及教师对其创造力评价的客观性进行了研究,结果表明:(1)阅读障碍学生的创造力总分与正常学生并无显著差异,但阅读障碍学生创造力的独特性和抽象性成绩显著优于正常学生。(2)对阅读障碍学生而言,流畅性、精细性和创造力总分存在性别差异;创造力总分亦存在年级差异;独特性与创造力总分在年级与性别因素上均存在交互作用。(3)不同学科教师对正常学生的创造力评价显著高于阅读障碍学生,他们对正常学生的创造力评价基本客观,对阅读障碍学生创造力的评价则与测验成绩呈显著负相关。     

In Search of Temperament and Personality Predictors of Creativity: A Test of a Mediation Model

Temperament and personality traits constitute inherent and learned personal characteristics that are crucial for creative behaviors among high ability students. This study investigated the relationships of temperament dimensions and the Big Five personality traits to creativity among 406 honors college students. First, the associations of creativity with temperament and personality were investigated separately. Second, it was sought to document if the selected measures of personality and temperament are distinguishable despite their interdependence. Finally, a mediational role for personality traits in channeling the effect of temperament on creativity was hypothesized. In the mediation model, all four temperament dimensions (orienting sensitivity, effortful control, extraversion/surgency, negative affect) had direct or indirect relationships with creativity. Two personality traits (openness, neuroticism) were found to be significant mediators in these relationships. The findings were discussed in terms of their relevance to the high-ability college students and to the temperament, personality, and creativity literature in general.     

Happiness Inducing Behaviors in Everyday Life: An Empirical Assessment of “The How of Happiness”

The frequency of Happiness Inducing Behaviors (HIB) was assessed in a survey of 903 university students; measures of Big Five personality traits and happiness were also obtained. Students reported engaging in many HIBs about 1–3 times per week. Analysis of HIB yielded three factors: Positive/Proactive Behaviors; Spiritual Behaviors; and Physical Health Behaviors. Positive/Proactive behaviors predicted significant additional variance in happiness beyond the variance predictable from Big Five personality traits. Mediation analysis suggested that effects of Big Five traits on happiness may be mediated to varying degrees by engagement in Positive/Proactive Behaviors and Physical Health Behaviors. Additional analyses examined possible moderation of the association between HIB and happiness by gender and Big Five traits; the strength of association between behavior and happiness did not differ between women and men, or across people with different scores on Big Five traits. This study provides additional evidence that naturally occurring behaviors are predictive of happiness in everyday life and confirms earlier findings about the degree to which behaviors mediate effects of Big Five traits on happiness.     

Personality and interests as predictors of educational streaming and achievement

In this study Holland's RIASEC Model of vocational personalities and the Five-Factor Model of personality are used (i) to assess individual differences among study majors and (ii) to predict educational achievement. A sample of 934 last-year students who enrolled in different academic majors filled out Dutch/Flemish adaptations of the NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1992) and the Self-Directed Search (Holland, 1977; 1979). The results show that both models are useful to describe differences among different majors. Conscientiousness proves to be a general predictor of grades and study career. For the other Big Five dimensions, except for Agreeableness, major and/or gender specific relationships with educational outcomes are observed. Holland's interest dimensions are not related to educational achievement, except for some moderate gender or major specific correlations with the Investigative and the Artistic scales. Suggestions for future research regarding educational streaming and counselling are discussed.     

Trait emotional intelligence and its links to university performance: An examination

This study aimed at investigating the relationships between academic performance (AP) and cognitive ability, personality traits, and trait emotional intelligence (trait EI or trait emotional self-efficacy) in a sample of 323 (113 female) university students in Cyprus. The study also explored differences across university majors (i.e., computer sciences, business and management, electrical engineering, tourism and marketing, law and accounting, and psychology) in trait EI profiles. Trait EI predicted AP over and above cognitive ability and established personality traits. In addition, there were differences across university majors in trait EI scores; psychology students scored higher on trait EI than computer science, electrical engineering, and business and management students. Implications for studying trait EI in the context of higher education are discussed.     

大学生自我价值感与人格特质的相关研究

用黄希庭等编制的《青少年自我价值感量表》与王登峰等编制的《中国人人格量表》对大学一、二年级486名学生的测试结果表明:(1)大学生的自我价值感与人格特质存在高度的相关;(2)自我价值感的所有维度与人格特质中的自我指向特点呈显著正相关;(3)自我价值感的大多数维度与外向性、善良、才干、人际关系和处世态度呈显著正相关,其中处世态度和外向性对自我价值感的绝大多数维度都有良好的预测效果;(4)自我价值感的大多数维度与行事风格和情绪性呈显著负相关。