从家庭因素入手防治青少年犯罪

随着社会的发展,青少年犯罪问题愈发严重,引起了全球各国的普遍关注。青少年犯罪不仅人数增多、涉及面广,且呈现出新的特点和趋势。青少年犯罪是一种复杂的社会现象,导致其的原因有很多,有家庭原因、学校原因、社会原因等。其中家庭是最重要的原因,其所处的独特地位是其他原因无法比拟的,其发挥着纽带和核心的作用。因此,完善家庭功能的社会化,保障青少年健康成长,是目前亟待解决的头等大事。     

青少年犯罪及其预防

本介绍了青少年犯罪的概念、犯罪率、犯罪原因以及青少年犯罪的理论，并对青少年犯罪的预防问题进行了阐述。     

青少年违法犯罪与法制教育

青少年犯罪自20世纪以来在世界范围内迅猛发展，不仅是个人和家庭的不幸，更是社会的不幸，已经成为严重的社会问题。本文在介绍美国和日本青少年犯罪现状的基础上，主要分析了我国青少年犯罪的特点和原因，并且针对导致青少年犯罪的原因提出了相应的对策，其中很重要的一点就是要加强青少年法制教育，以期能够减少、控制青少年违法犯罪的发生。     

青少年犯罪的原因探析与社会矫治

青少年犯罪在世界范围内已被列入与吸毒贩毒、环境污染并列的三大公害之一。近些年来,随着我国社会转型引发的社会结构变迁,青少年犯罪呈逐年增多的趋势。中国青少年犯罪研究会的统计资料表明,青少年犯罪总数已经占到全国刑事犯罪总数的70％以上,在我国2．2亿青少年中,平均每分钟发生一起刑事案件,青少年犯罪已经成为影响家庭和谐与社会稳定的重要因素。本文通过对青少年犯罪的原因探析,提出了转轨时期我国青少年犯罪的特点、趋势,在分析其产生原因的基础上,提出了青少年犯罪的社会矫治意见。     

危险的青少年“冲动犯罪”

美国心理学家约翰莱斯根据多年研究指出:15—25岁的青少年处于“青春冲动容易犯罪期”。了解青少年冲动犯罪期的特征及原因,采取对策措施,帮助他们度过这一“危险期”,就能有效地把消极因素转化为积极因素,促进青少年健康成长。 据一青少年犯罪研究会调查结果表明,青少年冲动犯罪主要有五个特征:一是“攻击性冲动”。产生报复他人、聚众闹事、寻衅斗殴、行凶     

浅谈家庭教育与青少年犯罪

美国是青少年犯罪最多的国家,青少年犯罪率高达百分之四、五。而在同样环境生活的美籍华人,犯罪率是最低的。洛杉机的教育心理学界提出问题:为什么唐人街的孩子学习成绩最好,犯罪率最低呢?造成这种情况可能有很多原因,其中之一就是中国比较重视孩子的家庭教育。     

青少年犯罪的社会心理分析

青少年犯罪已成为世界严重社会问题之一。进入20世纪90年代以来，我国青少年犯罪比例一直居高不下。青少年犯罪心理的形成是社会环境和青少年自身心理背景相互作用的结果。本将从社会因素和心理因素探讨青少年犯罪的成因。     

交往越轨同伴对青少年犯罪的影响

同伴交往和青少年犯罪之间的关系是青少年犯罪研究的一个核心问题。大量的实证研究结果支持学习理论所提出的与越轨同伴交往会促进青少年犯罪的观点。这种促进作用适用于不同类型、不同性别、不同年龄阶段、不同犯罪路径的青少年犯罪, 也适用于众多类型的青少年犯罪团体干预项目中的同伴交往。为深化对这一领域的认识, 未来研究需更多采用纵向研究、对比研究、实验研究等方法, 以不同文化背景中的青少年为对象, 深入考察这种影响的群体差异、内部机制以及干预措施。     

论青少年犯罪心理产生的社会因素

青少年违法犯罪心理的形成是社会环境影响和青少年自身心理发展相互作用的过程．青少年犯罪行为的预防研究，需要探讨当前我国青少年犯罪心理产生的主要社会因素，同时，在防止青少年犯罪问题上应加强社会心理学的消除及控制青少年犯罪方面的研究工作。     

从本我、自我、超我探讨青少年网络犯罪

青少年是祖国的未来,而青少年又正处在生理不断发育、心理不断成熟的特殊阶段,在这个阶段青少年充满求知欲,网络正好可以满足青少年的好奇心,而基于网络制度的不健全,青少年的自制力不足,现实中青少年网络犯罪的案例越来越多,文章将从弗洛伊德的人格理论来分析青少年网络犯罪的心理动机,从而找到减少青少年网络犯罪的方法。     

Effects of Racial Discrimination,Childhood Trauma,and Trauma Symptoms on Juvenile Delinquency in African American Incarcerated Youth

To understand racial disproportionality in juvenile delinquency, we studied relationships between 2 possible contributors: effects of manifestations of a structural factor (racism) and psychological consequences of trauma. Informed by Carter’s (2007) theory of race-based trauma, we explored the role of experiences of racial discrimination, childhood trauma, and trauma symptoms in juvenile delinquency through self-reported experiences of incarcerated African American youth. We found that childhood trauma, trauma symptoms, and racial discrimination experiences all significantly contributed to juvenile delinquency, but participants who experienced greater racial discrimination had higher posttraumatic stress symptoms and elevated delinquency rates. Considering the well-documented effects of trauma symptoms on juvenile delinquency, race-based trauma experiences might help us understand one aspect of racial disproportionality in juvenile delinquency.     

家庭因素与青少年犯罪的关系研究述评

随着犯罪理论（如社会控制理论、依恋理论、社会学习理论和问题行为理论）的不断发展,家庭因素与青少年犯罪关系的研究重点已由最初的家庭结构变量（如家庭完整性、家庭经济状况）逐渐扩展并聚焦在家庭功能变量（如家庭气氛、亲子依恋和亲子沟通等）和家庭成员行为变量（如教养方式、父母监控等）。近年来该研究领域开始深入探讨青少年认知过程在教养方式与青少年犯罪之间所起的中介作用,以及儿童青少年的人格、社区环境、神经生物学等变量与家庭因素的交互作用。最后本文总结了该领域研究的最新趋势和以往研究的不足     

An exploratory study of delinquency, criminal offenses, and juvenile status offenses via the cross-validation design

This article reports the results of an exploratory study of thirty variables that may have an effect on delinquency, criminal offenses, and juvenile status offenses. The study is based on secondary data, and the split-sample cross-validation procedure is used for analysis. Prediction equations were generated in Sample 1; Sample 2 was used for validation. In Sample 1, seven significant predictors of delinquency were found, five for criminal offenses, and five for juvenile status offenses. When these prediction equations were subjected to validation in Sample 2, the number of significant predictors was reduced from seven to four for delinquency, from five to four for criminal offenses, and from five to three for juvenile status offenses. The researchers interpreted these findings within the framework of the cross-validation procedure.     

Ethnic Differences in the Effect of Perceived Parenting on Juvenile Violent Delinquency of Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch Boys

This study considers ethnic differences in the effect of perceived parenting on juvenile delinquency in a sample of Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch boys, by focusing on several perceived maternal and paternal parenting variables. Research has since long acknowledged the association between parenting and juvenile delinquency. However, extent literature appears divided over whether or not the etiology of juvenile delinquency for ethnic minority youth is somehow distinct from standard criminological theories, or whether parenting is a culturally distinct source. Cross-cultural studies on the effect of parenting on juvenile delinquency show inconsistent findings. Furthermore, most studies focus on only one aspect of parenting resulting in limited information regarding the relative importance of various parenting aspects in the etiology of juvenile delinquency. Lastly, almost all work in this area has focused solely on maternal variables or combined maternal and paternal variables in a general categorization without considering the contribution of each parent separately. Overall, the results seem to suggest both specificity and generalizability in the effect of parenting on violent delinquency by ethnicity. Despite the mean level differences on perceived parenting variables and violent delinquency, and despite the moderate differences in the predictive relationships of the variables by ethnicity, the results suggest similarity in the patterns of associations as well. Given that both paternal and maternal parenting variables were significantly related to violent delinquency in Moroccan-Dutch boys in a manner similar to Dutch peers, it is important that social services and criminal justice offices provide prevention and intervention strategies for both fathers and mothers.     

Grundstrukturen der Jugenddelinquenz

The article is about extent, development and offence structures of juvenile delinquency. Delinquency of young intensive offenders, young migrants and young women as well as of groups of young offenders is described and some aspects to explain juvenile delinquency are discussed.     

Topografie der Jugenddelinquenz

The article shows that the registered juvenile delinquency has decreased in recent years. Serious violent crime partially exists, but this is only a small part of the overall juvenile delinquency. Forms of appearance of these violent crimes are outlined. With the help of a dark field study it is illustrated that there is a great variety of delinquency among young people. There are young people showing mostly law-abiding behavior, infrequent offenders and a group with a significant burden of crimes.     

Examination of the Relative Effects of Neighborhoods and Schools on Juvenile Delinquency: A Multilevel Cross-Classified Model Approach

The main purpose of the present study is to examine the relative effects of neighborhoods and schools on adolescents’ delinquency involvement. A multilevel cross-classified modeling approach, which has never been applied to the study of juvenile delinquency, was employed. Analyses of the first wave of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (ADD Health) data revealed that the effect of neighborhoods on delinquency is about two or three times larger than the effect of schools. Also, each of the social contexts has its own independent effect even after controlling for the other social context. These findings suggest that examination of the simultaneous effects of schools and neighborhoods applying a new analytical technique is important for a better understanding of the causes of juvenile delinquency.     

Juvenile deliquency in an Austrian sample of foster-children without a father substitute: review of the literature and some findings

‘SOS-Kinderdorf’ is a worldwide organization who offer new homes to children abandoned by their parents. Children live in family-like groups, headed by a ‘mother’, imitating natural family life as closely as possible. They lack ‘father’, however, which has been a frequent point of criticism with regard to empirical results on father absence. Some of these results are discussed and reviewed critically. Criminological studies have ascribed forms of juvenile delinquency to the childhood absence of a male model. It could be shown, however, that such results vary considerably depending mainly on the reason for father absence. It is doubted, therefore that generalizations may be made for SOS-Kinderdorf's type of one-parent family. Empirical results about juvenile delinquency in a sample of 163 male and female 14- to 18-yr-old former members of SOS-Kinderdorf families are reported, ‘observed’ over a 4-yr period and compared with data on juvenile delinquency for the same area and period of time. The former children from SOS-Kinderdorf are significantly less frequently delinquent than the controls as long as they stay in the institution but they show the reverse pattern after leaving.