中国社会科学院道家道教研究中心简介

中国社会科学院道家道教研究中心（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒｔｈｅＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＴａｏｉｓｍｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｓＳｏｃｉａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ）是以道家道教研究为主，以广义的中国传统文化及宗教研究为辅的学术团体。中心成员主要由社科院世界宗教研究...     

国际心理科学联合会的历史与现状

1　前言　　国际心理科学联合会 (ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＵｎｉｏｎｏｆＰｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉ ｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ ,以下简称国际心联 )年届 5 0。它于 195 1年在瑞典Ｓｔｏｃｋｈｏｌｍ第 13届国际心理学大会 (ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｇｒｅｓｓｏｆＰｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ ,ＩＣＰ)上成立。作为自发的、非政府的、非盈利的主要国际心理学组织 ,国际心联在国际上是心理学这门科学 (ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ)和这项职业 (ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎ)的代表 ,旨在促进心理科学 (包括生物 /社会、正常 /异常、基础 /应用各领域 )在全世界的发…     

当代欧美技术哲学研究回顾及未来趋向分析(上)

从 2 0世纪 70年代起至 90年代末 ,欧美技术哲学研究发生了很大的变化。在Ｆ .拉普(ＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈＲａｐｐ)、Ｃ .米切姆 (ＣａｒｌＭｉｔｃｈａｍ)、Ｔ .杜尔宾 (Ｔ .Ｄｕｒｂｉｎ)、Ｆ .费雷 (ＦｒｅｄｅｒｉｃｋＦｅｒｒｅ)、Ｃ .皮特 (ＪｏｓｅｐｈＣ .Ｐｉｔｔ)、Ｄ .伊戴 (ＤｏｎＩｈｄｅ)、Ｈ .林克 (ＨａｎｓＬｅｎｋ)等一批技术哲学家的倡导和带领下 ,技术哲学的研究工作日益深入到各个学科领域。自 1 975年美洲成立哲学与技术学会 (简称ＳＰＴ) 2 0余年来 ,欧美技术哲学研究出现一些新的特征 ,技术哲学在 2 1世纪的发展趋向…     

主观幸福感概述

研究主观幸福感（ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｗａｌｌ－ｂｅｉｎｇ，ＳＷＢ）有助于认识和改善人类的生活质量．本文旨在介绍ＳＷＢ的概念及有关的理论，重点探索属于主观范畴的人格因素（外向性（Ｅ）、神经质（Ｎ）、开放性（Ｏ）、有爱心（Ａ）、认真（Ｃ）），及属于客观范畴的生活事件（社会关系、收入、健康状况）对ＳＷＢ的影响．     

中国心理学会章程

中国心理学会章程（一九九七年十月二十一日中国心理学会第七届理事会第一次全体会议修订通过）第一章总则第一条中国心理学会（以下简称本会）,英文名称是ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＰｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｏｃｉｅｔｙ（简写ＣＰＳ）,是全国心理学工作者依法组成的、具有公...     

S-R相容性的最新理论研究

１引言刺激一反应相容性（ＳｔｉｍｕｌｕｓＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｅＣｏｍｐａｔｉ－ｂｉｌｉｔｙ,ＳＲＣ）是心理学的一个重要研究领域。本世纪五十年代,Ｆｉｔｔｓ等发表了ＳＲＣ的两篇经典文章,他们发现,在知觉刺激进行动作反应的任务中,操作成绩并不是由刺激信号或反应行为所单独决定的,刺激与反应之间的关系是影响结果的重要因素。他们把能产生较快较好结果的刺激与反应的匹配关系,称为相容。从此,心理学界开始了近半个世纪有关ＳＲＣ的研究。工程心理学首先将这一规律运用于人机系统的设计,使刺激信号的显示与操作器的安排尽可能达…     

右侧基底神经节损伤对言语记忆功能的影响

通过ＷＭＳＣＲ、ＭＭＳＥ和临床记忆障碍问卷发现一例单纯性右侧基底神经节损伤患者, 临床表现为单纯性记忆功能障碍, 无其它认知或精神障碍。采用自由回忆、再认两项任务观察了该患者和正常对照组的记忆功能, 结果发现该患者两项记忆任务明显受损, 认为该患者基底神经节损伤与记忆功能障碍有关。提出基底神经节可能参与或具有言语记忆加工过程。     

欧洲大陆法律心理学的主要研究领域

从现有资料来看,欧洲大陆国家的法律心理学研究主要集中在下列领域：１法律心理学的基本问题欧洲大陆国家的法律心理学家对法律心理学的基本问题进行了探讨,内容包括法律心理学的概念与发展历史,法律心理学的学科体系．法律心理学与法学、法律与实践活动的关系,法律心理学的作用,法律心理学方法论问题,法律心理学家的训练和职业资格等．就学科名称而言,除了法律心理学（ｌｅｇａｌ　ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ,ｐｓｙ－ｃｈｏｌｏｇｙｏｆｌａｗ）之外,还使用“心理学与法律”（ｐｓｙｃｈｏｌ－ｏｇｙａｎｄｌａｗ）、“法律与心理学”…     

日本的STS研究纪略

20 0 0年 8月 1日到 9月 30日 ,根据中国社会科学院与日本学术振兴会 (ＪａｐａｎＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｆｏｒｔｈｅＰｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ)的学术交流备忘录 ,我作为日本东京大学尖端科学技术研究中心(ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ)的客座研究员对日本进行了为期两个月的学术访问。并与日本学者就中日的ＳＴＳ研究进行了广泛的交流 ,现将此次访问的情况做一概述 ,供国内同仁参考。一、日本的ＳＴＳ研究机构日本的ＳＴＳ机构主要是“三会一中心”。三个协会性质的…     

中学生的道德判断推理水平、同伴关系和亲社会行为关系的研究

1　问题的提出　　亲社会行为是指个体发出的 ,有助于别人、集体和社会的行为。亲社会行为是九十年代国内外发展心理学研究的一个热点 ,现在对它的研究已从单一取向转向了多元取向。在亲社会行为与同伴关系方面 :Ｎｅｗｃｏｍｂ ,Ｂｕｋｏｗｓｋｉ＆Ｐａｔ ｔｅｅ在跨文化研究中发现亲社会行为与同伴接受性具有一致性的联系。Ｂｏｉｖｉｎ ,Ｄｏｄｇｅ＆Ｃｏｉｎ研究得出亲社会行为和同伴的地位在相互作用多的群体中的关系是显著的 ,在相互作用少的群体中没有显著性。ＤａｍｅｌＨａｒｔ在 1997年也发现亲社会行为与儿童的同伴关系相关。国…     

PSYCHOLOGY AND HEALTH: CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE

Psychology as both a science and a profession has been closely identified with other disciplines in the broad field of health since the turn of the century. Recent advances in health care have reinforced the growing belief that the promotion of health and the prevention and treatment of illness can be greatly enhanced by incorporating the scientific findings and modern technology of psychology into everyday practices. Outlining the contributions of psychology to health care throughout the world is the primary purpose of this report. In this brief survey, only some of the most timely and relevant issues can be mentioned, together with examples of current work in the field. The reader interested in pursuing these psychological contributions more thoroughly is encouraged to review pertinent references from the citations at the end of this report. After an introductory overview, special attention is given to each of the major areas within the broad field of health care where psychological applications have been particularly useful.     

Neuroscience and Ethics: Intersections

This essay will address the ethical issues that have emerged in the first considerations of the newly emerging stem cell technology. Many of us in the field of bioethics were deliberating related issues as we first learned of the new science and confronted the ethical issues it raised. In this essay, I will draw on the work of colleagues who were asked to reflect on early stages of the research (members of the IRBs, the Geron Ethicist Advisory Board, and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission) as the field debated the issues of consent, moral status, use of animal tissues, abortion, use of fetal tissue, and the nature and goals of entrepreneurial research. In this new capacity, ethicists weighed the problem of privacy, the role of justice considerations, and the issues of the marketplace in science. At this point, it is clear that far more issues remain unresolved than are settled, that there is largely unexplored territory ahead, and that the single most important task that faces us as a field is a steady call for ongoing conversation and public debate.     

Stem cell research: a target article collection: Part I--Jordan's banks,a view from the first years of human embryonic stem cell research

This essay will address the ethical issues that have emerged in the first considerations of the newly emerging stem cell technology. Many of us in the field of bioethics were deliberating related issues as we first learned of the new science and confronted the ethical issues it raised. In this essay, I will draw on the work of colleagues who were asked to reflect on the early stages of the research (members of the IRBs, the Geron Ethicist Advisory Board, and the National Bioethics Advisory Commission) as the field debated the issues of consent, moral status, use of animal tissues, abortion, use of fetal tissue, and the nature and goals of entrepreneurial research. In this new capacity, ethicists weighed the problem of privacy, the role of justice considerations, and the issues of the marketplace in science. At this point, it is clear that far more issues remain unresolved than are settled, that there is largely unexplored territory ahead, and that the single most important task that faces us as a field is a steady call for ongoing conversation and public debate.     

Nanoethics—A Collaboration Across Disciplines

The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is expanding rapidly, promising great benefits for society in the form of better medicine, more efficient energy production, new types of materials, etc. Naturally, in order for the science and technology to live up to these promises, it is important to continue scientific research and development, but equally important is the ethical dimension. Giving attention to the social, ethical and legal aspects of the field, among others, will help in developing a fully responsible—and thereby capable—science and technology. Nanoethics has emerged as a field concerned with such ethical issues related to nanoscience and nanotechnology. Even though this field is relatively new, a significant amount of literature has already been published. This paper focuses on three of the major issues which are discussed in the literature of nanoethics, and also points to a certain bias in this literature. Each quite different in nature, these issues are: (1) The naming and (2) the timing of and approach to the field, as well as (3) the issue of safety. As will be seen, these issues are almost exclusively discussed by ethicists, (throughout the article, the term’ethicist’ is used in a broad definition covering philosophers, social and political scientists as well as philosophers of science) thus having no direct influence on the work being carried out by scientists. One can argue, therefore, that this bias creates a distortion of the ethical debate, making it insufficient and misleading. Ultimately, this bias is caused by the lack of communication and collaboration between ethicists on the one hand, and nanoscientists on the other. Thus, an argument is made for the different disciplines to begin collaborating, so as to more effectively and responsibly develop the field of nanoscience.     

Simulation systems for cognitive psychology

Three views of the function of computer simulation in cognitive psychology are analyzed. The strong view that computer simulations will produce more rigorously specified theories is seen to be overstating the case. Two more pragmatic views are supported. One looks at computer method as a means of exploring or validating psychological theories. The other looks to computer simulation as a source of useful concepts. Several recent simulation efforts are presented as illustrations of these latter views. After establishing some perspective on the uses of simulation, the discussion turns to psychological simulation languages and to aspects of programming environments that facilitate simulation work. A new simulation language, PRISM, is described. PRISM’s design is intended as a response to some of the issues raised in this paper.     

Gender Issues in US Science and Technology Policy: Equality of What?

Fairness in evaluation processes for women in science and engineering is only one of a set of issues that need to be addressed to reach gender equality. This article uses concepts from Amartya Sen's work on inequality to frame gender issues in science and technology policy. Programs that focus on increasing the number of women in science and engineering careers have not generally addressed a broader set of circumstances that intersect with gender at various economic levels and stages of life. The agendas in research and innovation policies also need to reflect these issues, and fair allocation of resources within both science and technology needs to be on the agenda. Getting women into high-level positions is not enough. Articulating the full research and innovation agendas for women will require broader participatory processes.     

Neuroimaging as a New Tool in the Toolbox of Psychological Science

ABSTRACT— During the past quarter century, advances in imaging technology have helped transform scientific fields. As important as the data made available by these new technologies have been, equally important have been the guides provided by existing theories and the converging evidence provided by other methodologies. The field of psychological science is no exception. Neuroimaging is an important new tool in the toolbox of psychological science, but it is most productive when its use is guided by psychological theories and complemented by converging methodologies including (but not limited to) lesion, electrophysiological, computational, and behavioral studies. Based on this approach, the articles in this special issue specify neural mechanisms involved in perception, attention, categorization, memory, recognition, attitudes, social cognition, language, motor coordination, emotional regulation, executive function, decision making, and depression. Understanding the contributions of individual and functionally connected brain regions to these processes benefits psychological theory by suggesting functional representations and processes, constraining these processes, producing means of falsifying hypotheses, and generating new hypotheses. From this work, a view is emerging in which psychological processes represent emergent properties of a widely distributed set of component processes.     

Psychological Laws

John McDowell claims that the propositional attitudes, and our conceptual abilities in general, are not appropriate topics for inquiry of the sort that is done in natural science. He characterizes the natural sciences as making phenomena intelligible in terms of their place in the realm of laws of nature. He claims that this way of making phenomena intelligible contrasts crucially with essential features of our understanding of propositional attitudes and conceptual abilities. In this article I show that scientific work of the sort McDowell claims cannot be done is in fact being done, and that this work presents strong evidence that there are psychological laws. The research I discuss is that by the psychologist Norman H. Anderson and his colleagues. I also argue that the considerations McDowell presents in defense of his claims do not constitute a significant challenge to the research that Anderson and his colleagues have done. It will be noted in the article that Anderson's work is relevant not just to McDowell's writings, but also to several much discussed issues in philosophy of cognitive science: the above two issues of whether there can be a science of ordinary psychological phenomena, higher cognition, comparable to that of the natural sciences and whether such a science would present laws, and also the issue of whether in such a science, and its laws, notions of folk psychology would play crucial constitutive roles. Anderson's work presents strong grounds for affirmative answers to all of these questions.     

基于情绪认知评价理论的虚拟人情绪模型研究

情感计算是人工智能的前沿领域之一,建立具有情绪表现力的人机智能系统具有广泛的社会需求。本文分析了基于情绪认知评价理论的情绪建模方法,总结了典型的虚拟人情绪计算模型,归纳了情绪和感知的相关成果,梳理了虚拟人情绪表现方法。针对情绪建模所要深入研究的问题,分析现有研究中存在的不足,对虚拟人情绪模型研究的未来发展方向提出了建议,为进一步深入研究虚拟人情绪模型提供了参考。     

A Broader Perspective: Counseling Psychology’s Emphasis on Evidence

The process of identifying empirically supported treatments developed by the Division 12 of the American Psychological Association has been criticized from various perspectives. However, there are a number of alternative evidence-based models for using research findings to increase the efficacy of mental health services. In this article, the principles of empirically supported interventions developed and adopted by Division 17 (Society of Counseling Psychology) are presented. These principles (a) utilize a broad perspective of evidence, (b) consider a range of psychological interventions, (c) emphasize the quantitative aggregate of research evidence, (d) consider various levels of specificity, and (e) recognize philosophy of science issues that impinge on the types of conclusions that can be made.