婆罗门教神话和佛教神话比较研究

婆罗门教和佛教都起源于古代印度,它们在发展过程中,既互相斗争,又互相影响,其神话世界从一个侧面反映了二者之间相互斗争和相互影响的情况。作为正统的婆罗门教在印度人民心目中已有深刻影响,在此情况下,佛教要想求得发展,就不得不吸收婆罗门教成分,到密教时期,佛教与婆罗门教更趋一致。如果婆罗门教的神形象已很发达,佛教则直接继承;如果婆罗门教的某些神形象还不大发达,佛教则予以改造和发展。     

婆罗门教在中国传播之新证

婆罗门教是否传入过中国?学界颇多争议.本文从古代文献、碑铭、图画及现存文物遗址中,发现一些有价值的证据,证明婆罗门教曾经在中国传播过.虽然婆罗门教没有像佛教一样在中国大规模流传,但毕竟留下了不容忽视的影响.     

存在主义和婆罗门教、佛教哲学的几个相似点

存在主义的基本命题即“存在先于本质”必然导致唯我论,最终滑到信仰主义,在信仰主义这个问题上,存在主义和婆罗门教哲学、佛教哲学可以说是殊途同归,有不少相似之点。印度教哲学(婆罗门教哲学)和佛教哲学是在十八世纪传人欧洲的。叔本华的悲观主义明显地受到了印度哲学的影响,克尔凯郭尔也曾对婆罗门教哲学特别是佛教哲学发生过浓厚兴趣。二十世纪以后,印度哲学家辩喜和奥罗宾多进一步把婆罗门教的吠檀多思想传播到西     

早期佛教与婆罗门教的差异和融合及相关影响

早期佛教与婆罗门教之差异主要在于教义和宗教形态两个层面,前者关键在于对本体系空或有之歧见,并由此导致人之平等是否合理的不同认识；后者要点在于宗教骨干是一个松散的种姓,还是有严明戒律的僧团.由于在同一个文化地域的长期共存,两教有了相互吸收和融合,并致使佛教在印度的婆罗门教化和中国佛教包含着不少婆罗门教因子.     

佛教与婆罗门教善恶观念比较

佛教与婆罗门教是古代印度的两个主要宗教派别。它们的善恶观念是各自理论体系中的重要组成部分。两教的此类观念虽然有明显不同,但都与古代印度圣典吠陀和奥义书有渊源关系。佛教和婆罗门教各自的善恶观念都有不同层次的划分。在后来的发展中,两教的善恶观念有很大的趋同性,它们相互影响,彼此吸收对方思想。两教中的一些基本层次的善恶观念的内容有大量是相同的,较高层次的善恶观念虽有不同,但同样强调智慧解脱。这方面的思想对古代印度系统宗教哲学的形成起了促进作用,在世界文化发展史上占有重要地位。     

印度的婆罗门教、佛教与中国的儒家、道家

印度的婆罗门教和中国的儒家学说都有着维护社会秩序、延续既有文明、创造符号体系的建构功能 ;与此相对立 ,印度的佛家和中国的道家学说则以反向解构的姿态分别对婆罗门教和儒家学说在民族文化的建构过程中所导致的异化现象进行了深刻的批判。这种建构与解构的关系体现了追求文明与反抗异化、积极进取与消极无为、崇尚秩序与回归自然之间的辩证关系。作为这种逻辑关系的历史性发展 ,印度宗教文化从婆罗门教到佛教再到印度教的发展过程 ,与中国世俗文化中儒家和道家之间的彼此更迭 ,都形成着“否定之否定”式的阶段性变革。     

印度婆罗门教历久常新的“古儒库拉”教学模式

印度婆罗门教文化历久常新的原因是婆罗门教的寺院和教学机构归私人所有,受国家政权影响较小。传统的教学机构"古儒库拉"就是指"明师之家"。学生在"古儒库拉"中主要学习吠陀、祭祀和种姓法则,教学的方式是面对面的口耳相传。明师具有绝对的权威性,学生住在明师家中,并要做各种家务。当今印度仍有许多婆罗门孩子,从不上正规的中小学而是在"古儒库拉"中学习。可见"古儒库拉"面对现代化的冲击有较强的抵御能力。A     

印度婆罗门教历久常新的“古儒库拉”教学模式北大核心CSSCI

印度婆罗门教文化历久常新的原因是婆罗门教的寺院和教学机构归私人所有,受国家政权影响较小。传统的教学机构"古儒库拉"就是指"明师之家"。学生在"古儒库拉"中主要学习吠陀、祭祀和种姓法则,教学的方式是面对面的口耳相传。明师具有绝对的权威性,学生住在明师家中,并要做各种家务。当今印度仍有许多婆罗门孩子,从不上正规的中小学而是在"古儒库拉"中学习。可见"古儒库拉"面对现代化的冲击有较强的抵御能力。     

中世纪南方式印度教神庙建筑与雕刻艺术

笈多王朝时期,婆罗门教在各君王的大力推崇下重新恢复活力,商羯罗改革后,婆罗门教发展为更为成熟的新婆罗门教(印度教),其宗教艺术随之蓬勃发展。神庙作为印度教精神文化的集中体现,在各地区开始大肆兴建。文章从文化的视角主要对南方式印度教神庙的建筑艺术和雕刻艺术进行概要的分析。     

神圣的容器--婆罗门教/印度教的身体观

身体的问题,与人的问题密切相关,在人的自我理解、交互理解与世界理解、终极理解中,身体都是不可或缺的维度.如何看待身体,如何把握身心关系,实可彰显出各大宗教的不同特质.对于婆罗门教/印度教传统来说,多层次的身体容器中含藏着神圣的种子,通过特殊的修炼技术达到身体的圣化,就能亲证"梵我合一"的神圣境界.这与中国古代身心思想颇可相互印证.从身体的角度去观照印度教传统,当能提供新的线索,展现新的面相.     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

经济全球化与东西方宗教

本文认为,由于科技的高度发展,信息网络技术的普及,经济全球化已成为不可逆转的发展趋势;而经济全球化必然带来东西方宗教的种种变化。作者从传统宗教的复兴、民族宗教的冲突、宗教与政治的结缘。宗教的普世化与本色化、新兴宗教的异军突起及东西方宗教的交流与融合等６个方面分析了当前东西方宗教的这种发展趋势。     

Spontaneity and Self-Consciousness in the Groundwork and the B-Critique

ABSTRACT

According to some influential readings of the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, the view presented there of the kind of spontaneity we are conscious of through theoretical reason and the significance of such self-consciousness is irremediably at odds with the Critical theory, and thus roundly and rightly rejected in the second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason. This paper argues, on the contrary, that the Groundwork can be read as articulating for the first time the account of self-consciousness and spontaneity that Kant goes on to develop in the B-Critique, especially the B-Transcendental Deduction.     

Pavlov and the Pavlovians in the laboratory

The general character of the Pavlovians and their role in the experimental investigation of conditioned reflexes is discussed. From 1897 to 1936, Ivan P. Pavlov had at least 146 co-workers and he was closely involved in their experimental work. The social background, nationality, and gender of the Pavlovians are described together with the daily routine in the laboratories. It is pointed out that, despite Pavlov's authoritarian style, the Pavlovians characterized him as the epitome of a scholar and an admirable human being. It is concluded that the work in the laboratories was truly a cooperative effort between Pavlov and his co-workers.     

Muslims and the media in the blogosphere

In the past two decades a virtual Ummah has evolved in cyberspace. While some of these websites are targeted specifically at Muslims, others attempt to provide outreach on Islam or counter Islamophobic bias. As noted by Jon Anderson, in his pioneering work on Islam in cyberspace, Muslims were among the first engineering students to create websites at the dawn of the Internet, before mainstream Islamic organizations posted official websites. There is a wealth of material by Muslims in English and Western languages, some of it archived for research. This article explores the methodological problems posed in studying the range of Islam-content blogs, from private individuals to religious scholars, as well as Muslim websites that feature comments from readers. The focus of the paper is an analysis of blogs about Islam or by Muslims that either act as watchdogs on the media or try to provide alternative views to the mainstream media of competing Muslim groups. Researching these blogs as a form of e-ethnography calls for a rethinking and refining of anthropological methodology as e-ethnography.