当前宗教公益慈善新特点新趋势 以广东为例

党的十八大以来,特别是全国宗教工作会议召开以及新修订《宗教事务条例》颁布后,宗教工作呈现新局面。本文以广东为例,探讨新形势下宗教公益慈善新情况新特点新趋势,分析存在问题和努力方向。一、广东省宗教公益慈善现状与新特点新趋势(一)宗教公益慈善事业继续保持良好的发展势头。     

Learning to Solve Compare Word Problems: The Effect of Example Format and Generating Self-Explanations

A series of 3 experiments was conducted to examine factors that influence learning to solve 2-step arithmetic word problems by studying worked examples. Experiment 1 compared studying worked examples with conventional problem solving. Third graders presented with worked examples showed superior test performance to those required to solve conventional problems. Experiments 2 and 3 contrasted split-attention and integrated worked examples and investigated the influence of generating self-explanations. Significant split-attention effects were observed. Children presented with integrated worked examples outperformed those presented with split-source examples. Self-explanations further elucidated the distinction between integrated and split-source worked examples, but there was no significant effect of asking learners to generate self-explanations. Implications for word-problem-solving instruction are discussed.     

混元体:道教精气神整体论的逻辑发展

精气神论是中国古代重要的哲学思想,它广泛存在于儒释道中医等中国传统文化各家各派中,而且经历了从先秦到清末整个中国思想史的时间跨度,贯穿古代思想的始末.即使进入近现代以来,精气神论依然在发展之中,表现出很强的生命力.本文拟从对混元体这一概念的考察入手,讨论道教关于精气神关系的思想,探索这一关系在中国道教哲学史上的发展脉络,试图揭示它所反映的人的整体观的理论内涵,并讨论其现代思想价值.     

The Effects of Electronic Word of Mouth on Product Judgment and Choice: The Moderating Role of the Sense of Virtual Community1

Electronic word‐of‐mouth (WOM) communication influences potential consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions toward a product. Since consumers frequently assess online information based on their relationships with communities, rather than with individuals, online communities themselves function as referents for assessing information quality. This study examines whether consumer perceptions toward virtual communities (i.e., sense of virtual community or SOVC) moderate the perceived influence of product comments on attitude and purchase intention. This study manipulated 2 scenarios involving positive comments and negative comments regarding a newly issued game product. Analytical results indicated that SOVC reinforced the influences of online comments on attitude and purchase intention. Thus, marketers should consider the role of virtual communities when implementing WOM strategy online.     

Cosmic Justice and Sanctioned Violence: The Huangdi Yinfujing and the Legitimacy of War in Religious Daoism

《黄帝阴符经》或《阴符经》是道教传统中一部极为主要的文本。虽然文本作者不详,而且篇幅短小、语义晦涩,但自唐代以来一直被当作奇书,引发多种注释与解读:内丹修炼抑或兵家谋略。本文以(唐)李荃注释本为主,阐述《阴符经》有关阴阳、生杀、机时、五贼、三盗等所涵盖的道家/道教的本体-宇宙观,并以此论述就有关暴力与战争议题所展示的道教伦理观。笔者认为,《阴符经》在重玄思辨中,强调道教"治身治国"的理念,其暗含的"义战"思想亦带有一定的黄老印记。     

元代宗教治理的经验与启示 以泉州为例

元代的中国(1271—1368)幅员辽阔,"北逾阴山,西极流沙,东尽辽左,南越海表。"在广袤的国土上,众多民族共同生活。伴随着"海上丝绸之路"等商路的兴盛,很多外国商人来到中国,在诸如泉州这样的大型商业都市定居、生活,这些被称为"蕃商"的外国人也带来了自己的宗教信仰和生活方式。     

Evaluating Word in Phrase: The Modulation Effect of Emotional Context on Word Comprehension

The present study aims to explore the influence of emotional context on word evaluation. Participants were asked to read an “adjective + noun” phrase, where the adjective could be a positive or negative word, and the noun could be a positive, neutral or negative word, and then to make an emotional evaluation on the emotional tone of the target noun based on a 9-point Likert scale. In a control condition, an isolated noun was presented with no context. Results showed that positive context made the evaluation of target words bias toward positive tone, while negative context shaped the evaluation of target words toward negative tone. The modulatory effect of negative context was greater than that of positive context in shaping evaluation of emotional words with opposite valence. Moreover, the modulatory effect of emotional context was constrained by the inherent meaning of target word. The present study demonstrated the flexibility as well as the relative stability of emotional meaning of word.     

When Cars Hit Trucks and Girls Hug Boys: The Effect of Animacy on Word Order in Gestural Language Creation

A well‐known typological observation is the dominance of subject‐initial word orders, SOV and SVO, across the world's languages. Recent findings from gestural language creation paradigms offer possible explanations for the prevalence of SOV. When asked to gesture transitive events with an animate agent and inanimate patient, gesturers tend to produce SOV order, regardless of their native language biases. Interestingly, when the patient is animate, gesturers shift away from SOV to use of other orders, like SVO and OSV. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed for this switch: the noisy channel account (Gibson et al., 2013) and the role conflict account (Hall, Mayberry, & Ferreira, 2013). We set out to distinguish between these two hypotheses, disentangling event reversibility and patient animacy, by looking at gestural sequences for events with two inanimate participants (inanimate‐inanimate, reversible). We replicated the previous findings of a preference for SOV order when describing animate‐inanimate, irreversible events as well as a decrease in the use of SOV when presented with animate‐animate, reversible events. Accompanying the drop in SOV, in a novel condition we observed an increase in the use of SVO and OSV orders when describing events involving two animate entities. In sum, we find that the observed avoidance of SOV order in gestural language creation paradigms when the event includes an animate agent and patient is driven by the animacy of the participants rather than the reversibility of the event. We suggest that findings from gestural creation paradigms are not automatically linkable to spoken language typology.     

The Effect of Fiction on Religious Studies Display Shelves in an Academic Library

Abstract

The religious studies librarians at Brigham Young University (BYU) began a book display research project to examine the circulation rates of religious studies titles placed on display and to specifically evaluate the impact of religious fiction on that display in an academic library. Student employees were tasked with curating the displays over several years and maintaining a spreadsheet with the titles displayed and resulting checkout rates. Religious fiction (from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saint tradition) circulated over 80% the first three years, higher than the religious nonfiction on display and the same genre in the stacks. In the final year of study when almost no fiction was displayed and a higher quantity of items were placed on the shelves, the display circulation rates fell sharply. All books on the display circulated better when there was a portion of both nonfiction and fiction and when the shelves held fewer items. The data clearly showed that religious fiction is an important genre to display in an academic library.     

The Problem of Many Hands: Climate Change as an Example

In some situations in which undesirable collective effects occur, it is very hard, if not impossible, to hold any individual reasonably responsible. Such a situation may be referred to as the problem of many hands. In this paper we investigate how the problem of many hands can best be understood and why, and when, it exactly constitutes a problem. After analyzing climate change as an example, we propose to define the problem of many hands as the occurrence of a gap in the distribution of responsibility that may be considered morally problematic. Whether a gap is morally problematic, we suggest, depends on the reasons why responsibility is distributed. This, in turn, depends, at least in part, on the sense of responsibility employed, a main distinction being that between backward-looking and forward-looking responsibility.     

儒家王道政治秩序的构建及其遇到的困境——以“管仲之器小哉”的诠释为例

一、不知礼与如其仁:孔子对管仲的评价管仲是春秋时期著名的政治家,不过,对于管仲的评价争议颇多。在这些争议中,多涉及儒家的关键议题,因此,也必然成为孔门师徒经常讨论的问题。《论语》有关管仲的讨论主要在《八佾》和     

The Politics of Religious Heritage: Framing Claims to Religion as Culture in Spain

This article contributes to sociological theorizations of religion as heritage through analyzing the politics of religious heritage in Spain since its transition to democracy during the late 1970s. Our analysis is organized around three historical sequences of critical importance for understanding the political and legal significance of discourses that frame religion as cultural heritage in Spain: (1) negotiations that took place during Spain's democratic transition between 1977 and 1980; (2) discussions that surfaced in the context of the state's decision to recognize Islam, Protestantism, and Judaism in 1992; and (3) more recent debates regarding the incorporation of religious minorities in the context of increasing religious diversity, especially concerning places of worship. We show how framing “religion” using the language of cultural heritage has provided religious actors with a means of defending the connection between religion and national identity—and of protecting the privileges of majoritarian religious institutions without violating core tenets of secularism or pluralism. This scenario has created space for certain religious minorities to claim a place within Spain's evolving socioreligious landscape by invoking alternative heritages from Spain's multicultural past.     

制药企业在过度医疗化中角色之辩证探讨——以高血压为例

由于利益相关性较强,制药企业时常面临贩卖疾病和推动过度医疗的质疑。以高血压为例,系统性地探讨制药企业在疾病医疗化和医药化进程中的角色,及其所产生的积极与消极影响。医疗化本身作为一个中性概念,适度则有益,过度则有害。制药企业是医疗行业发展的重要一环,制药企业的合理积极参与对于推动适度医疗化尤为关键。为了人群健康获益的最大化,应采取合理的医疗化治理手段,促进制药企业在推动合理医疗化中的积极作用,而尽可能抑制其推动过度医疗化而导致的负面影响。

     

The Identifiable Victim Effect: Using an Experimental-Causal-Chain Design to Test for Mediation

The identifiable victim effect (IVE) refers to individuals’ tendency to offer greater aid to identifiable victims than to statistical victims. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether emotional reactions work to mediate IVE. In two experiments based on the experimental-causal-chain design proposed by Spencer et al. (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 845–851, 2005), it was shown that an identifiable victim evokes stronger emotional reactions than does a statistical victim (Study 1). It was also demonstrated that the identifiable victim shown or described with a specific expression or information to evoke stronger emotional reactions elicited greater willingness to donate money in participants (Study 2). The results of two studies based on the experimental-causal-chain approach demonstrated that the underlying causal mechanism for the IVE is participants’ emotional reactions to identified victims. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.     

The Effect of Emotional Valence on Auditory Word Recognition Memory in English as a Foreign Language

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - The present study investigated the effect of emotional valence on auditory word recognition memory in English as a foreign language. Participants included 48...     

词边界信息在中文词汇学习与识别中的作用:眼动研究的证据

空格作为英语等大多数拼音文字阅读中的词边界信息,能帮助读者成功地从文本的一连串的字母中切分出词,促进了词汇的习得和识别。然而在中文里没有明确的词边界信息,那么提供词边界信息(即加入空格)能否促进中文词汇识别或帮助读者学习新词?本文将从空格对成人、儿童和留学生在阅读中眼动控制的影响来回顾和总结词边界信息在中文词汇识别与学习中的作用。在此基础上,提出对建立汉字与词汇识别模型、眼动控制模型以及对指导汉语教学工作的启示。     

多水平研究中的概念转换模式--以气氛研究为例

在组织环境中开展多水平研究会涉及到对处于组织中不同水平七的概念、变量或过程进行界定的问题。在已有概念基础上提出新的概念必须保证其有效性。本文以气氛研究为例介绍了与此问题相应的五种模式。     

The Effect of Religious Clothing on Gaze Behavior: An Eye-Tracking Experiment

There are very few experimental studies regarding religious clothing. In the current study, we hypothesized that the function of conservative clothing hiding female curvaceous body features is to restrict visual access and consequently decreases female physical attractiveness. Using eye-tracking, we quantified dwell times and number of fixations on religious clothing, ranging from conservative to liberal. Results showed that conservative religious clothing decreased visual access to female curvaceous body features and instead focused visual attention to the head/face region. Results were discussed in terms of the roles of conservative clothing in women’s clothing choice, men’s mate retention tactics, and parent-offspring conflict over mate choice.