俄罗斯哲学与东正教

东正教于公元988年从拜占庭帝国传入俄罗斯。狭义的、具有独创性的俄罗斯哲学传统形成于19世纪初。从东正教传入到俄罗斯哲学的产生,相隔了八百多年,这段时期被弗洛罗夫斯基神父称为“俄罗斯式的沉默”,“俄罗斯思想的姗姗来迟的觉醒”。[1]但他认为,这个长期的沉默只发生在哲学上。在其他领域,如绘画、建筑、文学等,俄罗斯思想都获得了具体的表达。确实,直到19世纪之前,在俄语中甚至没有形成一套哲学的专业术语。如果说有零星的哲学思想,它们也只是表达在与宗教相关的语境中。尽管如此,以东正教为核心的俄罗斯民族自身的精神传统毕竟是俄罗…     

Free will and the human act in seventeenth century Eastern Orthodox theology

This article analyses the doctrine of free will (autexousion) in the confessions of St. Peter Mogila and Dositheos II Notaras of Jerusalem. Free will is a central concept in Eastern Christian anthropology and these two monuments of theology represent how the understanding of the concept of free will developed in Eastern Orthodox theology in the context of the confrontation with Western theologies in the seventeenth century.     

东正教圣像的神学含义

圣像在东正教生活中具有重要作用,也是一种宗教艺术。我国宗教学界对此了解很少,本文从圣像与绘画的区别、神圣性的艺术表现、圣像语言的象征性等方面简要说明了圣像的宗教含义和方法特点。     

美国新无神论晚近勃兴初探

新无神论是21世纪美国最引人注目的一个宗教文化现象,它对具有浓郁宗教色彩的美国社会价值观提出了质疑和挑战,引发了美国宗教文化界的巨大震荡和空前论战。本文对新无神论在美国的突起、新无神论的一般特征和主要论点、对新无神论的回应与诘难、新无神论勃兴的缘由等做了介绍和探讨,揭示了美国宗教文化界这场大论战的来龙去脉。     

Chinese exploration of Orthodox theology: a critical review

ABSTRACT

In spite of the small number of Orthodox Christians in China, Chinese publications relating to Orthodox Christianity, in which many Chinese theologians from other Christian denominations or scholars without formal religious affiliation have been involved in exploring Orthodox theology, have mushroomed in recent years. It is noticeable that these explorations have been shaped not only by the renaissance of Orthodox theology in the twentieth century, but also by the Chinese context. In terms of scope, many of them are related to the Chinese context, including the relationship between Christianity and Chinese culture. In terms of depth, due to the religious backgrounds of the researchers, some of these Chinese explorations fail to integrate the theological, liturgical and spiritual dimensions of the Orthodox tradition, and exhibit difficulties in interpreting, for instance, Orthodox mystical theology. These limitations can be overcome through dialogue with contemporary Orthodox theologians.     

辛勤耕耘出佳品--评《俄国东正教会改革(1861-1917)》一书

俄国曾是个政教合一的国家,东正教是它的国教,现在又是它的第一大宗教,它拥有占国民总数一半左右的教徒,教会组织遍及全国89个行政主体。作为一种信仰和道德因素,东正教目前在俄罗斯社会稳定和宗教文化建设中发挥着积极的作用。随着东正教在俄罗斯的复兴.俄罗斯东正教问题越来越引起我国学术界的关注。最近,由社会科学文献出版社出版的专著《俄国东正教会改革(1861-1917)》(作者系北京外国语大学副教授戴桂菊)便是我国俄罗斯东正教研究领域的一部新作。     

Mission and Reconciliation in the Orthodox Church

This article examines the Orthodox view on reconciliation as reflected in the famous patriarchal and synodical encyclicals early in the last century and in more recent official documents: the Messages of the Primates of the Orthodox Churches, the approved documents of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew’s official statements. These are looked at in reference to (i) the mission statement of the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism, Together towards Life, and (ii) the papal encyclicals Unitatis redintegratio and Ut unum sint. The article further examines the need for a common Christian witness and the reactions within the Orthodox world from a tiny but vocal anti-ecumenical minority. It underlines the importance of a Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities along with the existing Universal Declaration of Human Rights to address the ecological problem and inequities of the current world economic system, based on the interrelatedness of economy and ecology and the consolidation of the interfaith dialogue for a wider reconciliation. The article also underlines the highest priority of the theological dialogues at all levels and by all bodies of the Orthodox ecclesial reality as a necessary step to promote reconciliation. Finally, the article assesses (i) the dialogue aiming to achieve the visible unity of the church; (ii) dialogues generally focusing on Christian unity, or even unity with other faithful; (iii) dialogues aiming as much as possible at common Christian witness; and (iv) dialogues focusing on the church’s responsibility toward society and the integrity of creation.     

东正教信仰与俄罗斯命运

俄罗斯命运是俄罗斯历史哲学和宗教哲学探讨的永恒主题之一,也是苏联解体后人们极为关注的现实问题。不同时期的哲学家们从俄罗斯民族心理特征、俄罗斯性格特点、俄罗斯理念等方面对这一问题作了极为深入的探讨,其中先哲们为我们留下了宝贵精神财富的同时也留下了遗憾和迷茫。依笔者看来,俄罗斯的命运显然并非某种神秘的天意支配下的历史演变,而是以斯拉夫民族为主体的俄罗斯各民族在历史创造活动中由自身内在与外在因素共同作用而形成的历史轨迹。在众多因素中,东正教信仰是决定俄罗斯历史命运的最根本因素,而透过对东正教信仰的多方位分析,是解开俄罗斯历史之谜的钥匙。本文试就东正教信仰与俄罗斯民族自我意识觉醒、民族的性格形成、社会结构确立、思维方式和行为方式、法律制度制定等方面内在关系的分析,揭示出东正教信仰对俄罗斯历史命运的作用机制。     

The Philanthropy of the Orthodox Church: A Rumanian Case Study

On the basis of a definition of God as "love", human philanthropyis derived from Divine philanthropy, and therefore extends toall human beings. Because Divine philanthropy is most centrallyexpressed in Christ's incarnation and resurrection, Christ'sidentification with all who suffer presents the strongest motivationfor human philanthropy. After a short review of the RomanianOrthodox Church's development after 1989, the author turns tohis special case study, the Social-Medical Day-Care ChristianCentre for older citizens. He describes the wan in which Church-basedphilanthropy can integrate socialmedical with Christian pastoralcare, and how this work draws the local communities into assuminga shared responsibility.     

An Orthodox View of Philanthropy and Church Diaconia

According to Orthodox theology, philanthropy refers to the loveof God toward man, which man is called to imitate by lovinghis neighbor as himself. This love consists not just in emotionsbut requires specific acts of philanthropy toward our fellowman in need. The church, in keeping the commandments of Christ,has developed throughout her history a rich philanthropic work.The diaconia of the church has taken many forms, thus respondingto historical change and to the specific human needs at differenttimes. Concentrating on diaconia for those who are in need oflong-term care, this article presents the Orthodox view of thediaconia of the church, as realized through her own philanthropicorganizations as well as through her very specific contributionto the diaconia offered by state sponsored charitable institutions.