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1.
Opponents of cosmopolitanism often dismiss the position on the grounds that cosmopolitan proposals are completely unrealistic
and that they fly in the face of our human nature. We have deep psychological needs that are satisfied by national identification
and so all cosmopolitan projects are doomed, or so it is argued. In this essay we examine the psychological grounds claimed
to support the importance of nationalism to our wellbeing. We argue that the alleged human needs that nationalism is said
to satisfy are: (i) either more complex than initially one might think or (ii) do not necessarily provide very strong grounds
for the theses advocated by nationalists or (iii) can be well met in alternate ways than through national identification.
Moreover, commitment to cosmopolitanism is not antithetical to meeting these needs: rather, more cosmopolitan worldviews can
do quite well in meeting the needs of interest. Moreover, we argue that since nationalism is a fluid and socially constructed
phenomenon, quite open to the influence of other factors, the current evidence suggests that central aspects of cosmopolitanism
are quite feasible and realistic.
相似文献
Gillian BrockEmail: |
2.
3.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(2):273-295
4.
Julius Bautista 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(1):75-83
This paper discusses the extent to which Saba Mahmood’s ideas about Muslim women and agency are relevant for works beyond
her ethnographic speciality. The first part will reflect upon her arguments about Muslim female piety within the larger context
of progressive politics in the USA and the Middle East. The second part will describe the implications of Mahmood’s work towards
the production of alternative discourses—that is, works inspired by and produced from outside the overarching influence of
a Euro-American intellectual tradition.
相似文献
Julius BautistaEmail: |
5.
Samuel Scheffler has recently argued that some relationships are non-instrumentally valuable; that such relationships give
rise to “underived” special responsibilities; that there is a genuine tension between cosmopolitan egalitarianism and special
responsibilities; and that we must consequently strike a balance between the two. We argue that there is no such tension and
propose an alternative approach to the relation between cosmopolitan egalitarianism and special responsibilities. First, while
some relationships are non-instrumentally valuable, no relationship is unconditionally valuable. Second, whether such relationships
give rise to special responsibilities is conditional on those relationships not violating certain moral constraints. Third, these moral constraints arise from within cosmopolitan
egalitarianism itself. Thus the value of relationships and the special responsibilities to which they give rise arise within
the parameters of cosmopolitan egalitarianism itself. The real tension is not between cosmopolitan equality and special responsibilities,
but between special responsibilities and the various general duties that arise from the recognition, demanded by cosmopolitan
egalitarianism, of a multiplicity of other basic goods. Indeed, even the recognition of special relationships itself gives
rise to general duties that may condition and/or weigh against putative special responsibilities.
相似文献
Pablo GilabertEmail: |
6.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(1):141-148
Kyle Stanford’s arguments against scientific realism are assessed, with a focus on the underdetermination of theory by evidence.
I argue that discussions of underdetermination have neglected a possible symmetry which may ameliorate the situation.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
7.
Mikkel Gerken 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):87-96
There is widespread suspicion that there is a principled conflict between epistemic internalism and content externalism (or
anti-individualism). Despite the prominence of this suspicion, it has rarely been substantiated by explicit arguments. However,
Duncan Pritchard and Jesper Kallestrup have recently provided a prima facie argument concluding that internalism about knowledge
and externalism about content are incompatible. I criticize the incompatibilist argument and conclude that the purported incompatibility
is, at best, prima facie. This is, in part, because several steps in the argument are faulty and, in part, because there are
promising responses available to the compatibilists.
相似文献
Mikkel GerkenEmail: |
8.
Patrick A. Woods 《Sophia》2007,46(1):35-48
Agnosticism has been largely passed over in the literature on Theism. This paper lays out an affirmative case for the agnostic
position. Tapping into the classical arguments about the paradoxical qualities of ‘omni’ principles it argues that the agnostic
position is ultimately more tenable than either Theism or Atheism. In the first part it regards the paradoxes of omnipotence
and their replies strictly logically, declaring them to be true antimonies. In the second part it argues that classic arguments
for belief before proof run afoul of additional paradoxes and require the rejection of the most basic logical principles to
accept.
相似文献
Patrick A. WoodsEmail: |
9.
Daniel A. Weiskopf 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(3):359-384
Certain of our concepts are innate, but many others are learned. Despite the plausibility of this claim, some have argued
that the very idea of concept learning is incoherent. I present a conception of learning that sidesteps the arguments against
the possibility of concept learning, and sketch several mechanisms that result in the generation of new primitive concepts.
Given the rational considerations that motivate their deployment, I argue that these deserve to be called learning mechanisms.
I conclude by replying to the objections that these mechanisms cannot produce genuinely new content and cannot be part of
genuinely cognitive explanations.
相似文献
Daniel A. WeiskopfEmail: |
10.
Dan Arnold 《Argumentation》2008,22(1):135-147
This paper examines some Indian philosophical arguments that are understandable as transcendental arguments—i.e., arguments
whose conclusions cannot be denied without self-contradiction, insofar as the truth of the claim in question is a condition
of the possibility even of any such denial. This raises the question of what kind of self-contradiction is involved—e.g.,
pragmatic self-contradiction, or the kind that goes with logical necessity. It is suggested that these arguments involve something like practical reason—indeed, that they just are arguments against the primacy of “theoretical reason.” This characterization illuminates a characteristically
Indic appeal to ordinary language.
相似文献
Dan ArnoldEmail: |
11.
miriam cooke 《Contemporary Islam》2007,1(2):139-154
In the 6 years that have elapsed since the events of 9/11 Muslims have become the Other and veiled Muslim women have become
their visible representatives. Standing in for their communities, they have attracted international media attention. So intertwined
are gender and religion that they have become one. I have coined the term the Muslimwoman to describe this erasure of diversity.
Some women reject this label. Others use it to empower themselves and even to subvert the identification. In the process they
are constructing a new kind of cosmopolitanism. This essay asks how women can derive agency from an ascribed identity that
posits their invisibility and silence.
相似文献
miriam cookeEmail: |
12.
Thor Grünbaum 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):67-86
New Volitionalism is a name for certain widespread conception of the nature of intentional action. Some of the standard arguments
for New Volitionalism, the so-called arguments from total failure, have even acquired the status of basic assumptions for
many other kinds of philosophers. It is therefore of singular interest to investigate some of the most important arguments
from total failure. This is what I propose to do in this paper. My aim is not be to demonstrate that these arguments are inconsistent
or that total failure and naked tryings are metaphysically impossible. Rather, my aim is be to build a case against the possibility
of naked, independently existing tryings, by questioning how well we understand the scenarios invoked in their favour. Thus,
rather than attempting to present a definitive metaphysical refutation of New Volitionalism, I attempt to diminish or demolish
its underlying motivation.
相似文献
Thor GrünbaumEmail: |
13.
Dan Cavedon-Taylor 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):105-107
Hans Muller has recently attempted to show that Frank Jackson cannot assert the existence of qualia without thereby falsifying
himself on the matter of such mental states being epiphenomenal with respect to the physical world. I argue that Muller misunderstands
the commitments of qualia epiphenomenalism and that, as a result, his arguments against Jackson do not go through.
相似文献
Dan Cavedon-TaylorEmail: |
14.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
15.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
16.
Wicclair MR 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2008,29(3):171-185
In response to physicians who refuse to provide medical services that are contrary to their ethical and/or religious beliefs,
it is sometimes asserted that anyone who is not willing to provide legally and professionally permitted medical services should
choose another profession. This article critically examines the underlying assumption that conscientious objection is incompatible
with a physician’s professional obligations (the “incompatibility thesis”). Several accounts of the professional obligations
of physicians are explored: general ethical theories (consequentialism, contractarianism, and rights-based theories), internal
morality (essentialist and non-essentialist conceptions), reciprocal justice, social contract, and promising. It is argued
that none of these accounts of a physician’s professional obligations unequivocally supports the incompatibility thesis.
相似文献
Mark R. WicclairEmail: |
17.
Nano-ethics as NEST-ethics: Patterns of Moral Argumentation About New and Emerging Science and Technology 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
There might not be a specific nano-ethics, but there definitely is an ethics of new & emerging science and technology (NEST),
with characteristic tropes and patterns of moral argumentation. Ethical discussion in and around nanoscience and technology
reflects such NEST-ethics. We offer an inventory of the arguments, and show patterns in their evolution, in arenas full of
proponents and opponents. We also show that there are some nano-specific issues: in how size matters, and when agency is delegated
to smart devices. Our overall approach is a pragmatist ethics, and we conclude that struggle (and learning) might be more
productive than models emphasizing consensus.
相似文献
Tsjalling SwierstraEmail: |
18.
Thomas Uebel 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2007,38(2):383-391
This paper responds to a recent criticism of Uebel's analysis of Neurath's protocol statements and proposes some independent
amendments.
相似文献
Thomas UebelEmail: |
19.
20.
Jonathan M. Weinberg 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(3):455-464
Timothy Williamson devotes significant effort in his The Philosophy of Philosophy to arguing against skepticism about judgment. One might think that the recent “experimental philosophy” challenge to the
philosophical practice of appealing to intuitions as evidence is a possible target of those arguments. However, this is not
so. The structure of that challenge is radically dissimilar from that of traditional skeptical arguments, and the aims of
the challenge are entirely congruent with the spirit of methodological improvement that Williamson himself exemplifies in
the Afterword of his book.
相似文献
Jonathan M. WeinbergEmail: |