THE ‘UNIVERSAL DHARMA FOUNDATION’ OF MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION: NON-DUALITY AND MAHĀYĀNA BUDDHIST INFLUENCES IN THE WORK OF JON KABAT-ZINN

ABSTRACT

The discussion on the Buddhist roots of contemporary mindfulness practices is dominated by a narrative which considers the Theravāda tradition and Theravāda-based ‘neo-vipassanā movement’ as the principal source of Buddhist influences in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and related mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs). This Theravāda bias fails to acknowledge the significant Mahāyāna Buddhist influences that have informed the pioneering work of Jon Kabat-Zinn in the formation of the MBSR programme. In Kabat-Zinn’s texts, the ‘universal dharma foundation’ of mindfulness practice is grounded in pan-Buddhist teachings on the origins and cessation of suffering. While MBSR methods derive from both Theravāda-based vipassanā and non-dual Mahāyāna approaches, the philosophical foundation of MBSR differs significantly from Theravāda views. Instead, the characteristic principles and insights of MBSR practice indicate significant similarities and historical continuities with contemporary Zen/S?n/Thi?n and Tibetan Dzogchen teachings based on doctrinal developments within Indian and East Asian Mahāyāna Buddhism.     

Book reviews

Contemporary psychology Experiments: Adaptations for Laboratory. By John Jung and Joan Bailey. London and New York: Wiley. 1966 Pp. xiii + 155. 238.

A Textbook of Psychology. Second Edition. By D.O. Hebb. Philadelphia and London: W.B. Saunders & Co. 1966. Pp xvi + 353. Pound2.

Behaviour Therapy Techniques: A Guide to the Treatment of Neuroses. By Josweph Wolpe and Arnold A. Lazarus. Oxford and London: Pergamon Press. 1966. Pp. ix + 198. 21s.

Motivated Learning: a Developmental Study from Birth to the Senium. By Miriam E. Hebron. London: Methuen. Methuen's Manuals of Modern Psychology. 1966. Pp. 264. 35s.

Human Brain and Psychological Processes. By A.R. Luria. Translated by Basil Haigh. New York and London: Harper & Row. 1966. Pp.xix + 587. £5 $14.50.

Higher Cortical Functions in Man. By A. R. Luria. Translated by Basil Haigh. London: Tavistock Publications. 1966. Pp xvi + 513. £6 6s.

Productive Thinking. By Max Wertheimer. Edited by Michael Wertheimer. social science Paperbacks. London: Tavistock Publications. 1966. Pp xvi + 302. 30s.

Problem Solving: Research Method and Theory. Edited by B. Kleinmuntz. London and New York: Wiley. 1966. Pp. ix + 406. 53s.

Human Conceptual Behavior. By Lyle E. Bourne, Jr. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 1966. Pp. viii + 139. $2.50.

Attraction and Hostility. An Experimental Analysis of Interpersonal and Self Evaluation. By albert Peptone. London: Tavistock Publications. 1966. Pp. ix + 234. 30s.

Ability Structure and subgroups in Mental Retardation. By John Clausen. London: Macmillan. Washington: spartan Books. 1966. Pp. viii + 208. 80s.

The Biologiv Basis of Schizophrenia. By Jon L. Karlsson. springfield. Illionois: Thomas. 1966. Pp.xi + 77. $4.75.

Psychology for Psychiatrists. By C.G. Costello. London: Commonwealth and Unversity Library, pergamon Press. 1966. Pp. 328. 25s.

Science and theory of Psychoanalysis. Edited by Irwin G. Sarason. London: Van Nostrand. Insight Book No. 26. 1965. Pp xiii + 205. 14s.

Aspects of Learning and Memory. Edited by D. Richter. London: heinemann. 1966. Pp. x + 185. 35s.

The Spiral After-Effect. By Harry C. Holland. London: pergamon. 1965. Pp.xii + 99. 35s.

Dynamics of Response. By J.M. Notterman and D.E. Mintz. London and New York: Wiley. 1965. Pp. 277. 70s.

Contrary Imaginations: A Psychological Study of the English Schoolboy. By Liam Hudson. London: Methuen. 1966. Pp. vii + 181. 25s.

The Structure of Association in Language and Thought. By James A. Deese. London: Oxford University Press: Johns Hopkin Press. 1960. Pp. xiii + 216. 52s.

A source Book in the History of Psychology. Edited by R. J. Herrnstein and E.J. boring. London: Oxford University Press; Harvard University Press. 1965. Pp. xvii + 636. £5.     

Book reviews

Effect of Small Doses of Alcohol on a Skill Resembling Driving. By G. C. Drew, W. P. Colquhoun and Hazel A Long. Medical Research Council Memorandum No. 38. London. H.M.S.O. 1959. Pp. 108. 7s. 6d. net.

The Anatomy of Judgment. By M. L. Johnson Abercrombie. London. Hutchinson. 1960. Pp. 156. 25s. net.

Handbook of Physiology. Section I: Neurophysiology. Volume I. Editor-in-Chief: John Field. Section Editor: H. W. Magoun. Executive Editor: Victor E. Hall. American Physiological Society (Sole Agents: The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore). Pp. xiii + 779. 1959. $22.00.

Research Techniques in Human Engineering. By Alphonse Chapanis. Baltimore. Johns Hopkins Press. 1959. Pp. vii + 316. $6.

What is Cybernetics? By G. T. Gilbaud. (Translated by Valerie Mackay from La Cybernetique. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1954.) London. Heine-maim: Contemporary Science Series. 1959. Pp. viii + 126. 10s. 6d.     

Book reviews

Contributions to Mathematical Psychology. Edited by Norman Frederiksen and Harold Gulliksen. New York: Holt. Rinehart and Winston. 1964. Pp. x + 189. $6.50.

Experiments in Motivation. Edited by H. J. Eysenck. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1964. Pp. viii + 424. $5.

Experimental Studies in Verbal versus Figural Learning and Retention. By Lars H. Alin. Gothenburg: Almquist and Wiksell. 1964. Pp. 216. 40 Swedish Kronor.

Logical Foundations of Psychological Measurement. By Strange Ross. Copenhagen: Munkegaard. 1964. Pp. 152. 36 Dan. kr.

An Exploratory Study of the Perception of Causality. By Lambros Houssiadas. British Journal of Psychology Monograph 36. 1964. Pp. 88. 22s. 6d.

Introduction to Motivation. By J. W. Atkinson. New York: van Nostrand. 1964. Pp. xiii + 355. 76s.

Imprinting and Early Learning. By W. Sluckin. London: Methuen. Manual of Modern Psychology. 1965. Pp. x + 147. 25s.

Psychodiagnostic Testing: An Empirical Approach. By Molly Harrower. A Monograph in American Lectures in Psychology. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 1965. Pp xii + 90. $4·75.

Organizational Psychology. By Bernard M. Bass. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 1965. Pp. viii + 459. $8.95.

Mental Testing in Clinical Practice. By Moyra Williams. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1965. Pp. xix + 177. 21s.

Studies on The Aggressive Behaviour of Mice. By Kirsti Lagerspetz. Finnish Academy of Science and Letters, Series B. No. 131. Helsinki. 1964. Pp. 131. 6.60 mk.

The Psychology of Time. By Paul Fraisse. Translated by Jennifer Leith. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1964. Pp. vi + 343. 30s.

The Body Percept. Edited by Seymour Wapner and Heinz Werner. New York: Random House. 1965. Pp. x + 112. $1.65.

Social. Psychology in Treating Mental Illness: An Experimental Approach. Edited by George W. Fairweather. London and New York: Wiley. 1964. Pp. xii + 300. 60s.     

Book reviews

Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 12. Edited by P. R. Farnsworth, O. McNemar and Q. McNemar. Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California. 1961. Pp. 533. $7-50.

Handbook of Physiology. Section 1: Neurophysiology. Volumes 2 and 3. Editor-in-Chief: John Field. Section Editor: H. W. Magoun. Executive Editor: Victor E. Hall. American Physiological Society (Sole Agents: The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore). 1960. Vol. 2: pp. 781-1438; Vol. 3: pp. 1440-1968 + Subject Index Vols. 1-3, pp. 1969-2013. Each volume $20.

An Introduction to Experimental Design. By W. S. Ray. The Macmillan Company, New York and London, 1960. Pp. x + 254. 455. 6d.

The Informed Heart: The Human Condition in Modern Mass Society. By Bruno Bettelheim. London. Thames and Hudson, 1961. Pp. viii + 309. 35s. net.

Van Nostrand Insight Books. No. 2. Instinct. Pp. ix + 181. No. 3. Reinforcement. Pp. viii + 230. No. 4. Color Vision. Pp. viii + 214. Edited by Robert C. Birney and Richard C. Teevan. London. D. Van Nostrand Co. Ltd. 1961. Each 11s. 6d.

Selected Readings on the Learning Process. Edited by Theodore L. Harris and Wilson E. Schwahn. London. Oxford University Press. 1961. Pp. xi + 428. 28s.     

Book reviews

DIAMOND, S. J. The Social Behaviour of Animals. London: Baqtsford. 1970. Pp. 256. £2.50.

JARRARD, L. E. (Ed.). Cognitive Processes in Non-human Primates. New York: Academic Press. 1971. Pp. 188.

BROZEK, J. and SLOBIN, D. I. (Eds). Psychology in the USSER: An Historical Perspective. New York: International Arts and Sciences Press. 1972. Pp. x + 30.1. $ 15.00.

A. R. JENSEN. Genetics and Education. London: Methuen. 1972. Pp. Vii + 379. £ 3.50.

OATLEY, K. Brain Mechanisms and Mind. London: Thames and Husdson. 1972. Pp. 216. £2.25.

BOAKES, R. A. and HALLIDAY, M. S., (Eds). Inhibition and Learning. London: Academic Press 1972. Pp. 568. £7.25.

TOBACH, E., ARONSON, L. R. and SHAW, E. (Eds). The Biopsychology of Development. New York: Academic Press. 1971. Pp.xix + 593. dollar 22.50.

MOLTZ, H. (Ed.). The Ontogeny of Vertebrate Behavior. New York and London: Academic Press. 1971. Pp. 500. $ 22.50.

SOKOLOV, A. N. Inner Speech and Thought. London: Plenum Publishment Co. 1972. Pp. 283. £ 10.50

SHOUKSMITH, G. Intelligence, Creativity and Cognivity and Cognitive Style. LOndon: Batsford. 1970.Pp. 240. £ 2.30,

BOLTON, N. The psychology of Thinking. Lond Methuuen. 1972. Pp. 291. £3.20.

JOHNSON, D. M. Systematic Introduction to The Psychology of Thinking. New York: Harper and Row, 1972. Pp. 498. £ 5.10.

LLOYD, B. Preception and Cognition. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1972. Pp. 190. £ 0.80.     

Book reviews

BLACKMAN, D. Operant Conditioning: An Experimental Analysis of Behaviour. London: Methuen. 1974. Pp. 248. £3.20.

Bower, G. H. (Ed.). the Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory. Vol. 7. Academic Press: New York. 1973. Pp. 370. £.15.

Lehrman, D.S., Hinde, R. A. and Shaw, E. (Ed.). Advances in The Study of Behavior. Vol. 4. Academic Press: New York. 1972. Pp. 217. £4.70.

MARK, R. Memory and Nerve Cell Connections. Oxford University Press. 1974. Pp. 156. E2.95.

HABER, R. N. and HERSHENSON, M. The Psychology of Visual Perception. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1973. Pp. 398.

ESSMAN, W. B. and NAKAJIMA, S. (Eds.). Current Biochemical Approaches to Learning and Memory. New York: Spectrum/Wiley. 1973. Pp. ix+205. £8.40.

GIBBS, M. E. and MARK, R. F. Inhibition of Memory Formation. New York and London: Plenum. 1973. Pp. x + 554. $29.00.

ZIPPEL, H. P. (Ed.). Memory and Transfer of Information. New York and London: Plenum. 1973. Pp. xxiv+582. $33.50.     

Book reviews

Bloom, A. H. The Linguistic Shaping of Thought : A Study of the Impact of Language on Thinking in China and the West. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. 1981. Pp. 106. £9.95. ISBN 0 89859 089 2.

Fodor, J. A. Representations : Philosophical Essays in the Foundations of Cognitive Science. Brghton: Harvester. 1981. Pp. 343. £22.50. ISBN 0 85527 977 X.

Sanford, A. J. and Garrod, S. C. Understanding Written Language: Explorations in Comprehension Beyond the Sentence. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. 1981. Pp. xiv + 224. £ 11.30. ISBN 0 471 27842 4.

Springer, S. P. and Deutsch, G. Left Brain, Right Brain. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co. 1981. Pp. 243. £4.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 7167 1270 9.

Crystal, D. Introduction to Language Pathology. London : Edward Arnold. 1980. Pp. 214. ISBN 0 7131 62759. £5.50.

Hulme, C. Reading Retardation and Multi-Sensory Teaching. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1981. £12.50. Pp. 200. ISBN 0 7100 0761 2.

Liben, I,. S., Patterson, A. R. and Newcombe, N. (Eds). Spatial Representation and Behaviour Across the Life Span. New York: Academic Press. 1981. Pp. 404. ISBN 0 12 447980 4. £17.80.

Coltman, D. Jean Piaget: Experiments in Contradiction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1980. Pp. 310. ISBN 0 226 66779 0. £13.20.

Hofer, M. A. The Roots of Human Behavior. San Francisco: Freeman. 1981. Pp. xiii + 331. Paperback £6.70. ISBN 0 7167 1278 4.     

Book reviews

Johnson-Laird, P. N. and Wason, P. C. (Eds). Thinking: Readings in Cognitiwe Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1977. Pp. xii+615. ISBN 0 521 21756 3. £17.50. (Also paperback ISBN 0 521 29267 0. £5.95.)

Marks, L. E. The Unity of the Senses. Interrelations among the Modalities. London: Academic Press. 1978. Pp. 289. ISBN 0 12 472960 6. £11.35.

Callaway, E., Tueting, P. and Koslow, S. H. (Eds). Event-Related Brain Potentials in Man. New York: Academic Press. 1978. Pp. ix+630. ISBN 0 12 155150 4. £22.00.

Clifford, B. R. and Bull, R. The Psychology of Person Identification. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1978. Pp. 254. ISBN 0 7100 8867 1. £7.95.

Albert, M. A. and Obler, L. K. The Bilingual Brain. New York: Academic Press. 1978. Pp. 302. ISBN 0 12 048750 0. £12.65.

Welch, R. B. Perceptual Modification: Adapting to Altered Sensory Environments. London: Academic Press. 1978. Pp. 346. ISBN 0 12 741850 4. £15.90.

Wales, R. J. and Walker, E. (Eds). New Approaches to Language Mechanisms. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 1976. Pp. 296. ISBN 0 7204 0523 8. $19.75.

Lomax, E. M. R. Science and Patterns of Child Care. San Francisco: Freeman. 1978. Pp. 247. ISBN 0 7167 0296 7. Hardback £5.50; paperback £3.70.

Armington, J. C., Krauskopf, J. and Wooten, B. R. (Eds). Visual Psychophysics and Physiology New York: Academic Press 1978 Pp 488 ISBN 0 12 062260 0. $29.50.

Williams, M. Brain Damage, Behaviour and the Mind. Chichester: Wiley. 1979. Pp. 187. ISBN 0 471 99704 8. £8.50.     

Book reviews

Cowan, W. M., Hall, Z. W. and Kandel, E. R. Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 1, Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc. 1978. Pp. 506. $17.50. ISBN 0 8243 2401 3.

Cowan, W. M., Hall, Z. W. and Kandel, E. R. Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 2, Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc. 1979. Pp. 552. $17.50. ISBN 0 8243 2402 1.

Requin, J. (Ed.). Attention & Performance VII. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum Associates. 1978. Pp.730. £1.25. ISBN 0 12 573750 5.

Cohen, D. J. B. Watson: The Founder of Behaviorism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1979. Pp. 297. £8.95. ISBN 0 7100 0054 5.

Ullman, S. The Interpretation of Visual Motion. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 1979. Pp. 229. £11.40. ISBN 0 262 21007 X.

Oatley, K. Perceptions and Representations: The theoretical bases of brain research and psychology. London: Methuen & Co. 1978. Pp. 262. £7.00. ISBN 0 416 86010 9.

Tarpy, R. M. and Mayer, R. E. (Eds). Readings in Learning and Memory. Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Foresman & Co. 1979. Pp. 000. Paperback £5.25. ISBN 0673 15110 7.

Ludel, J. Introduction to Sensory Processes. W. H. Freeman & Co. 1978. Pp. 401. Hardback £11.40. Paperback £5.50. ISBN 0 7167 0032 8.

Logan, F. A. and Ferraro, D. P. Systematic Analyses of Learning and Motivation. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1978. Pp. xviii+486. £10.50. ISBN 0 471 04130 0.     

Book reviews

Thinking—An Experimental and Social Study. By F. C. Bartlett. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1958. Pp. 203. 18s. net.

Communication, Organization and Science. By J. Rothstein. Colorado: Falcon's Wing Press, 1958. Pp. xcvi + no. Price $3-50.

Principles of Perception. By S. Howard Bartley. Harper, New York, 1958. Pp. 482 + xii. Price 52s.

The Physiology of the Nervous System. By E. G. Walsh. London: Longmans, 1957. Pp. 563. 50s. net.

The Mammalian Cerebral Cortex. By B. Delisle Burns. Monographs of the Physiological Society 5. London: E. Arnold, Ltd., 1958. Pp. 119. Price 21s.     

Book Reviews

Wilhelm Wundts Werk: ein Verzeichnis seiner sämmtlichen Schriften. Herausgegeben von ELEONORE WUNDT. Abhandlungen der sächs. staatl. Forschungsinstitute: Forschungsinstitut für Psychologie No. 28. München, C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. 1927. Pp. [iv] 78. Price Mk. 4.00. Reviewed by E. B. Titchener.

Psychologies of 1925: Powell Lectures in Psychological Theory. By Madison Bentley, Knight Dunlap, Walter S. Hunter, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler, William McDougall, Morton Prince, John B. Watson and Robert S. Woodworth. Preface by Carl Murchison. Worcester: Clark University, 1926. Pp. 412, 19 lectures. $6.00. Reviewed by John P. Nafe.

Conditioned Reflexes. By Ivan P. Pavlov. London: Oxford University Press, 1927. Pp. xv+430. 28 shillings. Reviewed by Raymond R. Willoughby.

An Introduction to the Theory of Perception. By Sir John Herbert Parsons. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1927. Pp. vi+254. $5.25. Reviewed by John P. Nafe.

A First Laboratory Guide in Psychology. By Mary Collins and James Drever. New York: Dutton, 1927. Pp. viii+108. $1.60. Reviewed by Frank A. Geldard.

Principles of Abnormal Psychology. By Edmund S. Conklin. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1927. Pp. x+457. $4.50; student edition $3.60. Reviewed by Carl Murchison.

Social Psychology Interpreted. By Jesse W. Sprowls. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1927. Pp. xii+268. $4.00. Reviewed by Carl Murchison.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Handbook of Clinical Psychobiology and Pathology . Sanford I. Cohen and Robert N. Ross. N.Y. Hemisphere Images of Illness . Linda L. Viney. Malabar, Florida. Robert E. Kreiger Organisational Behaviour: The Australian Context . Russell Lansbury and Robert Spillane. Youth, Transition and Social Research . D.S. Anderson and C. Blakers. Motivation, Career Striving and Aging . Joel Raynor and Elliot Entin. Educational Policy and Management: Sex Differentials . Patricia A. Schmuck, W.W. Charters and Richard O. Carlson (Eds.). Sex Education in the Eighties . Lorna Brown (Ed.). Children's Sexual Thinking . Ronald and Juliette Goldman. Routledge & Kegan Paul. Birth Order: Its Influence on Personality . Cécile Ernst and Jules Angst. Measuring Emotions in Infants and Children . Carroll E. Izard (Ed.). Three Further Clinical Faces of Childhood . E.J. Anthony and D.C. Gilpin (Eds.). Television and the Socialization of the Minority Child . Gordon L. Berry and Claudia Mitchell-Kernan (Eds.). Strangers in the World . Leo Eitinger and David Schwarz (Eds.). Group Psychotherapy: A Peer Focused Approach . Richard A. Hogan. Models of Influence in Psychotherapy . Patrick Pentony. New York. Psychotherapy, Insight and Style . Len Bergantino. Understanding the Mid-Life Crisis . Peter O'Connor. Melbourne. Present and Past in Middle Life . Dorothy Eichorn and John Clausen (Eds.). Confusion, Prevention and Care . Mary O. Wolanin and Linda R.F. Phillips. Adjustment: The Development and Organization of Human Behavior . R. Douglas Whitman. Anger and Aggression . James R. Averill.     

Book review

Reber, A. S. and Scarborough, D. L. Toward a Psychology of Reading. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1977. Pp. xii + 337. £13.50. ISBN 0470 99010 4.

Medin, D. L., Roberts, W. A. and Davis, R. T. Process of Animal Memory. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1976. Pp. 267. £ 11.50. ISBN 0 470 15189 7.

Myers, R. D. (Ed.). Methods in Psychobiology, Vol. III. New york: Academic Press. 1977. Pp. 339. £14.20. ISBN 0 12 4610 03 X.

Estes, W. K. (Ed.). Handbook of Learning and Cognitive Processes, Volume 2. Conditioning and Behavior Theory. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1975. Pp. 373. ISBN 0 470 24586 7.     

Book reviews

Balsam, P. D. and Tomie, A. (Eds.) Context and learning. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1985. Pp. xi+ 419. ISBN 0-89859-442-1. £39.95.

Greenberg, G. and Tobach, E. (Eds.). Behavioral evolution and integrative levels: The T. C. Schneirla Conference Series. Hillsdale, N. J., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1984. Pp. 307. ISBN 0-89859-363-8. $34.50. £28.75.

Commons, M. L. and Nevin, J. A. (Eds.). Quantitative analyses of behavior. Vol. 1: Discriminative properties of reinforcement schedules. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger. 1981. Pp. xxvii + 437. ISBN 0-88410-377-3 (v.1). Hardback. $42.50.

Lynch, G., McGaugh, J. L. and Weinberger, N. M. (Eds.). The neurobiology of learning and memory. New York: The Guilford Press. 1984. Pp. 528. ISBN 0-89862-645-5. £65.00.

Toates, F. M. Motivational systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1986. ISBN 0-521-26854-0 (Hardback) £22.50; ISBN 0-521-31894-7 (Paperback) £7.95.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviews in this article
P sychology and the S ocial O rder . By J. F. Brown.
S ocial P sychology . By R. T. La Piere and P. R. Farnsworth.
T rait -N ames : A Psycholexical Study. By G. W. Allport and H. S. Odbert.
P rinciples of T opological P sychology . By Kurt Lewin. Translated by Fritz and Grace M. Heider.
S elf -C onsciousness S elf -T reated . By Dr. A. A. Roback.
T he S cientist in A ction : A Scientific Study of His Methods. By William H. George.
S ocial D eterminants in J uvenile D elinquency . By T. Earl Sullenger.
T he N ation's I ntelligence . By J. L. Gray.
T he F reedom of M an . By Arthur H. Compton.
M otivation of B ehavior : The Fundamental Determinants of Human and Animal Activity. By Paul Thomas Young.     

Book reviews

Evans, J. St. B. Thinking and reasoning: Psychological approaches. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1983. Pp. 256. ISBN 0-7100-9460-4. £12.95.

Anderson, J. R. and Kosslyn, S. M. (Eds.). Tutorials in learning and memory: Essays in honor of Gordon Bower. San Francisco: Freeman. 1984. Pp. xiii+264. ISBN 0-7167-1571-6. £12.95.

Tighe, T. J. and Shepp, B. E. (Eds.). Perception, cognition, and develop-ment. Interactional analyses. Hillsdale, N.J., and London: lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1983. Pp. 383. ISBN 0-89859-254-2. £41.65.

Rock, I. The logic of perception. Cambride, Mass.: The MIT Press. 1983. Pp. 13+365. ISBN 0-262-18109-6.     

Book reviews

Fu, K. S. Syntactic Methods in Pattern Recognition. New York: Academic Press. 1974. Pp. 295. £11.30.

CHAPANIS, A. Ethnic Variables in Hitman Factors Engineering. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins. 1975. Pp. xii + 290. £9.60.

TOATES, F. M. Control Theory in Biology and Experimental Psychology. London: Hutchinson Educational. 1975. Pp. 274. £6.50.

GREGG, L. W. (Ed.). Knowledge and Cognition (Symposium on Cognition 9th Carnegie Mellon University). Potomac, Maryland: Erlbaum Associates. 1974. Pp. 300. £8.20.

POULTON, E. C. Tracking Skill and Manual Control. London: Academic Press Ltd. 1974. PP. 427 £13.90.

COLE, M. and SCRIBNER, S. Culture and Thought: A Psychological Introduction. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1974. Pp. 227. ISBN 0-471-16478-X. £5.15.     

Book reviews

John Herman Randall, Jr. Plato: Dramatist of the Life of Reason. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970. Pp. xiv, 274. Indexed. $7.50.

Gottfried Martin. General Metaphysics: Its Problems and Method. Translated by Daniel O'Connor. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1968. Pp. 1–368. Indexed. $8.50.

Nicholas Rescher. Essays in Philosophical Analysis. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1969. Pp. viii, 430. Indexed. $14.95.

Rollo Handy. Value Theory and the Behavioral Sciences. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1969. Pp. vii, 198. Indexed. $8.00.

Morris Lazerowitz. Philosophy and Illusion. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1968. Pp. 1–262. Indexed. $7.25.

K. T. Fann, Ed. Symposium on J. L. Austin. New York: Humanities Press, 1969. Pp. 486. Indexed. $11.00.

Robert E. Butts. William Whewell's Theory of Scientific Method. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1968. Pp. 1–352. Indexed. $8.50.

Robert J. Fogelin. Experience and Meaning: Studies in Analytical Philosophy. New York: Humanities Press, 1967. Pp. xi, 187. Indexed. $6.50.

Harry G. Frankfurt. Demons, Dreamers, and Madmen: The Defence of Reason in Descartes's Meditations. Indianapolis: Bobbs‐Merrill, 1970. Pp. 1–193. Indexed. $7.95.

Maurice Merleau‐Ponty. The Visible and the Invisible. Followed by Working Notes, edited by Claude Lefort. Translated by Alphonso Lingis. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1968. Pp. 1–275. Indexed. $9.50.     

REVIEWS

THOMASS. KUHN. The essential tension: selected studies in scientific tradition and change. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1977.
DAVID L. NORTON, Personal destinies: a philosophy of ethical individualism. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press. 1976.
ELIZABETHH ANKINSW OLGAST. Paradoxes of knowledge. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977. 214 pages. ISBN: 0-8014-1090-8; BD215. W63.
LAWRENCEH AWORTH.D ecadence and objectivity. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1977.
GEORGES CHLESINGERR.e ligion and scientific method. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1977.
NICHOLASR ESCHER.P eirce's philosophy of science. South Bend, Ind.: Notre Dame University Press, 1978.
FRITHJOFB ERGMANN.O n being free. South Bend, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977.
D. W. HAMLYN. Experience and the growth of understanding. Boston, Mass.: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978
BRUCE AUNE. Reason and action. Holland and the U.S.A.: D. Reidel Publishing Co., 1977.