Human Relations Skills Training in Teacher Education: The Link to Effective Practice

Brandt, R. (1985). On teaching and supervising: A conversation with Madeline Hunter. Educational Leadership, 42, 61–66. Hunter, M. (1985). What's wrong with Madeline Hunter? Educational Teacher Leadership, 42, 57–60. Ligon, S.A. (1984). A strategy for helping students with their problems. Teacher Educator, 19, 28–32. Manning, B.H., & Payne, B.D. (1984). Student teacher personality as a variable in teacher education. Teacher Educator, 20, 2–12. Sadker, M., & Sadker, D. (1985). Is the O.K. classroom O.K.? Phi Delta Kappan, 66, 358–361. Smith, B.O. (1985). Research bases for teacher education. Phi Delta Kappan, 66, 685–690.     

Content Analysis of the Journal of Counseling and Development: Volumes 48–66

A content analysis of the Journal of Counseling and Development was conducted for a 19-year period (Vols. 48–66). Articles were cross-classified under content headings and then grouped by the four editorship periods during this time (e.g., Goldman, 1969–1975; Sue, 1975–1978; Barclay, 1978–1984; Goodyear, 1984–1988). Results were compared to earlier studies to illustrate changes and trends in both the counseling professions and the Journal.     

Asymmetric cross-modal effects in time perception

It is common to judge the duration of an audiovisual event, and yet it remains controversial how the judgment of duration is affected by signals from other modalities. We used an oddball paradigm to examine the effect of sound on the judgment of visual duration and that of a visual object on the judgment of an auditory duration. In a series of standards and oddballs, the participants compared the duration of the oddballs to that of the standards. Results showed asymmetric cross-modal effects, supporting the auditory dominance hypothesis: a sound extends the perceived visual duration, whereas a visual object has no effect on perceived auditory duration. The possible mechanisms (pacemaker or mode switch) proposed in the Scalar Expectancy Theory [Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., & Meck, W. H. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. In J. Gibbon & L. Allan (Eds.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Vol. 423. Timing and time perception (pp. 52–77). New York: New York Academy of Sciences] were examined using different standard durations. We conclude that sound increases the perceived visual duration by accelerating the pulse rate in the visual pacemaker.     

Research on working women: A report card of 22 journals

The study was part of an official project of the Women in Management Division of the Academy of Management to examine the status of research in gender issues in organizations. It specifically looked at 22 major scholarly and trade journals plus the Proceedings of the Academy of Management for the six-year period of 1983–1988 to determine quantity, patterns, and trends in publication of research on issues of interest to the domain of the division. Results show a downward trend in gender-issue publication at a time when working women are becoming an ever-increasing percentage of the work force. This is particularly true of the so-called prestige journals. Psychology journals accounted for 64% of the total, management 13.4%, personnel 19%, and Proceedings 3.5%. Implications for research and careers are discussed.A shorter, less-complete version of this paper was presented in summary form at the annual meeting of The Academy of Management in Washington, DC, August 1989 as part of a symposium for the Women in Management Division.     

The Career Satisfaction Scale: Response bias among men and women

Recent studies demonstrate an increasing emphasis on subjective career success. This construct is typically measured using self-report scales, with the most used instrument being the Career Satisfaction Scale of Greenhaus, Parasuraman, and Wormley [Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64–86]. As career success is often studied in relation to gender, one may wonder whether men and women rate subjective career success, as measured by the Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus et al., 1990), in the same manner—which is an important requirement when interpreting sex differences. Therefore, this study provides a rigorous evaluation of the Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus et al., 1990) in terms of measurement invariance. The results show that gender invariance of the Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus et al., 1990) does not hold. Implications of these findings in terms of optimal measurement of the subjective career success construct are spelled out.     

Recent books

Abstract

Niedenthal, P.M., & Kitayama, S. (Eds.). (1994). The heart's eye: Emotional influences in perception and attention. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. ISBN 0–12–410560–2. 289pp. $55.00

MacKinnon, N.J. (1994). Symbolic interactionism as affect control. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0–7914–2042–6 (pbk). 245pp. $19.95.

Cuthbertson-Johnson, B., Franks, D.D., & Doman, M. (Eds.) (1994). The sociology of emotions: An annotated bibliography. New York Garland Publishing. ISBN 0–8240–2321–8. 222pp. $37.00

Flanagan, O., & Rorty, A.O. (Eds.) (1990). Identity_; character and morality: Essays in moral psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0–262–56074–7 (pbk). 487pp. $18.50.

Mackie, D.M., 8 Hamilton D.L. (Eds.) (1993). Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: interactive processes in group perception. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. ISBN 0–12–46441–0–4. 389pp. $59.95

Dobson, K.S., & Kendall, P.C. (Eds.) (1993). Psychopethology and cognition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. ISBN 0–12–404175–2. 492pp. $49.95.

Graham, G., & Stephens, G.L. (Eds.) (1994). Philosophical psychopathology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 0–262–07159–2. 332pp. $34.95.     

The Professional Identity of Contributors to the Journal of Counseling & Development: Does It Matter?

R. K. Goodyear (2000) criticized the methodology and results of a study which demonstrated that during the editorial terms of Goodyear (1984–1990) and Claiborn (1990–1993) there was a trend toward publishing articles written by psychologists as opposed to counselors in the Journal of Counseling & Development (JCD). The issue of journal content goes to the heart of professional identity. The authors assert that professional affiliation of contributors matters less than the content of the articles published in JCD (i.e., articles must “speak” the language of counselors and not the language of some other mental health professional).     

The Career Satisfaction Scale: Response bias among men and women

Recent studies demonstrate an increasing emphasis on subjective career success. This construct is typically measured using self-report scales, with the most used instrument being the Career Satisfaction Scale of Greenhaus, Parasuraman, and Wormley [Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 64–86]. As career success is often studied in relation to gender, one may wonder whether men and women rate subjective career success, as measured by the Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus et al., 1990), in the same manner—which is an important requirement when interpreting sex differences. Therefore, this study provides a rigorous evaluation of the Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus et al., 1990) in terms of measurement invariance. The results show that gender invariance of the Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus et al., 1990) does not hold. Implications of these findings in terms of optimal measurement of the subjective career success construct are spelled out.     

Responsibility-Inducing interventions with Older Clients

Robb, S.S., & Stegman, C.E. (1983). Companion animals and elderly people: A challenge for evaluators of social support. The Gerontologist, 23, 277–282. Ory, M.G., & Goldberg, E.L. (1983). Pet possession and well-being in elderly women. Research on Aging, 5, 389–409. Banziger, G., & Roush, S. (1983). Nursing homes for the birds: A control-relevant intervention with bird feeders. The Gerontologist, 23, 527–531.     

Infants look longer at colours that adults like when colours are highly saturated

The extent to which aesthetic preferences are ‘innate’ has been highly debated (Reber, Schwarz, & Winkielman, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(4), 364–382, 2004). For some types of visual stimuli infants look longer at those that adults prefer. It is unclear whether this is also the case for colour. A lack of relationship in prior studies between how long infants look at different colours and how much adults like those colours might be accounted for by stimulus limitations. For example, stimuli may have been too desaturated for infant vision. In the current study, using saturated colours more suitable for infants, we aim to quantify the relationship between infant looking and adult preference for colour. We take infant looking times at multiple hues from a study of infant colour categorization (Skelton, Catchpole, Abbott, Bosten, & Franklin, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(21), 5545–5550, 2017) and then measure adult preferences and compare these to infant looking. When colours are highly saturated, infants look longer at colours that adults prefer. Both infant looking time and adult preference are greatest for blue hues and are least for green-yellow. Infant looking and adult preference can be partly summarized by activation of the blue-yellow dimension in the early encoding of human colour vision. These findings suggest that colour preference is at least partially rooted in the sensory mechanisms of colour vision, and more broadly that aesthetic judgements may in part be due to underlying sensory biases.

     

New Directions in Career Guidance: A Special Report for the Profession

Bonaparte, G., Chapman, J., & Steinberg, J. (1987). Michigan: Two career guidance models. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 142–143. Greenwood, K. (1987). Counseling adults in career transition. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 44–46. Herr, E.L. (1987). Comprehensive career guidance and vocational education: Natural allies. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 30–33. Lambert, R. (1987). A guide to career information. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 34–36. Lester, J.N., & McCormac, M.E. (1987). The NOICC career guidance standards project. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 47–48. Otto, L.B. (1987). Parents: Key advisors. Vocational Education Journal, 62(6), 37–38.     

Calibration of peripheral perception of shape with and without saccadic eye movements

The cortical representations of a visual object differ radically across saccades. Several studies claim that the visual system adapts the peripheral percept to better match the subsequent foveal view. Recently, Herwig, Weiß, and Schneider (2015, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1339(1), 97–105) found that the perception of shape demonstrates a saccade-dependent learning effect. Here, we ask whether this learning actually requires saccades. We replicated Herwig et al.’s (2015) study and introduced a fixation condition. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to objects whose shape systematically changed during a saccade, or during a displacement from peripheral to foveal vision (without a saccade). In a subsequent test, objects were perceived as less (more) curved if they previously changed from more circular (triangular) in the periphery to more triangular (circular) in the fovea. Importantly, this pattern was seen both with and without saccades. We then tested whether a variable delay between the presentations of the peripheral and foveal objects would affect their association—hypothetically weakening it at longer delays. Again, we found that shape judgments depended on the changes experienced during the learning phase and that they were similar in both the saccade and fixation conditions. Surprisingly, they were not affected by the delay between the peripheral and foveal presentations over the range we tested. These results suggest that a general associative process, independent of saccade execution, contributes to the perception of shape across viewpoints.

     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article: Maslow , Abraham H. Eupsychian Management: A Journal. Applewhite , Philip B. Organizational Behavior. Ling , Cyril C. The Management of Personnel Relations : History and Origins. Meister , David , and Rabideau , Gerald F. Human Factors Evaluation in Systems Development. Tiffin , Joseph , and Mc Cormick , Ernest J. Industrial Psychology Adams , Loyce . Managerial Psychology: Human Behavior in Business and Industry. Odiorne , George S. Management by Objectives: A System of Managerial Leadership. Stagner , Ross , and Rosen , Hjalmar . Psychology of Union-Management Relations. Anderson , Richard C. Management Strategies. King , David . Training within the Organization: A Study of Company Policy and Procedures for the Systematic Training of Operators and Supervisors. Dankert , Clyde E., Mann , Floyd C., and Noethrup , Herbert R. (Eds.) Hours of Work. Managerial Compensation. Farnsworth , P. R., Mc Nemar , O., and Mc Nemar , Q. (Eds.) Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 17, 1966. Farnsworth , P. R., Mc Nemar , O., and Mc Nemar , Q. (Eds.) Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 17, 1966. American Management Association . Making the Most of Training Opportunities. Bennis , Warren G. Changing Organizations: Essays on the Development and Evolution of Human Organization. Bishop , George H., et al . The Excitement and Fascination of Science: A Collection of Auto biographical and Philosophical Essays. Brennan , Michael J. Preface to Econometrics: An Introduction to Quantitative Methods in Economics. Calhoon , Richard P. Cases in Personnel Management and Supervision. Careers Guidance in Schools. Carpenter , Edmund , and Mc Luhan , Marshall . (Eds.) Explorations in Communication: An Anthology. Gellerman , Saul W. The Management of Human Relations. Gilbert , Doris Wilcox . Study in Depth. Gotterer , Malcolm H. (Editor) Proceedings of the Third Annual Computer Personnel Research Conference, June 17–18, 1965. Randle , C. Wilson , and Wortman , Max S., Jr . Collective Bargaining: Principles and Practices. Research Conference on The Use of Autobiographical Data as Psychological Predictors. Roucek , Joseph S. (Editor) Programmed Teaching: A Symposium on Automation in Teaching. Sarnoff , Irving . Society with Tears. Smith , B. Babington . Laboratory Experience in Psychology. Stone , Alan A., and Stone , Sue Smart . (Eds.) The Abnormal Personality Through Literature. Walsh , Francis J., Jr . Administration of Cost Reduction Programs.     

Subtle Discrimination Overtakes Cognitive Resources and Undermines Performance

Meta-analyses demonstrate that the negative effects of subtle forms of discrimination on a range of work-related outcomes can be worse than those of overt discrimination (Dhanani et al. Personnel Psychology, 71(2), 147–179, 2018; Jones et al. Journal of Management, 42(6), 1588–1613, 2016). Yet, these syntheses and the primary studies on which they are based offer little insight into how or why these effects emerge. In the current study, we examine consequences of both of these types of discrimination on task performance and citizenship intentions via cognitive resource depletion. A total of 131 women experienced (a) overt discrimination, (b) subtle discrimination, (c) overt and subtle discrimination, or (d) no discrimination and were then asked to conduct a series of in-basket performance tasks. Results revealed that subtle (but not overt) discrimination significantly impaired measures of task performance and that cognitive resource depletion mediated these relationships. By pinpointing cognitive resource depletion as the mechanism that transmits the negative consequences of subtle discrimination, this work sheds new light onto this detrimental psychological experience and further opens up new opportunities for its remediation.

     

Needed: Competent,Confident, and Committed Career Counselors

Gelso, C., Prince, J., Cornfeld, J., Payne, A., Royalty, G., & Wiley, M. (1985). Quality of counselors intake evaluations for clients with problems that are primarily vocational versus personal. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 339–347. Pinkney, J., & Jacobs, D. (1985). New counselor's and personal interest in the tasks of career counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 454–457.     

Employing people with severe disabilities: The challenge remains

The authors present an update on the number of individuals with disabilities who are employed at a large federal installation that has been using a recruitment intervention designed to increase the employment rate of individuals with disabilities. The initial review of accessions (i.e., successful recruitments), published in the Journal of Job Placement (R. B. Kennedy, 1996), presented data that spanned 11 years (1984–1994). This article gives recruitment data for another 7 years (1995–2001).     

BOOK REVIEWS

Philosophy in Russia: From Herzen to Lenin and Berdyaev. By Frederick C. Copleston. pp.x, 445, Tunbridge Wells, Search Press, 1986, £25.00. Philosophy's Place in Culture: a Model. By Mark D. Morelli. pp. xv, 154, Lanham MD., University Press of America, 1984, $20.00 (hardback), $10.50 (paperback). Kant's Transcendental Idealism: An Interpretation and Defense. By Henry E. Allison, pp. ix, 389, New Haven & London, Yale University Press, 1983, £29.00. The Science of the Mind. By Owen J. Flanagan, Jr. pp. xii, 336, Cambridge (Mass.), The MIT Press; London, 1984, £23.75 (hardback) £11.90 (paperback). Freud and the Mind. By Ilham Oilman. pp. vii, 204, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1984, £15.00. Free Will and Responsibility. By Jennifer Trusted. pp. x, 195, Oxford University Press, 1984, £12.50 (hardback), £3.95 (paperback). The Personalist Challenge: Intersubjectivity and Ontology. By Maurice Nédoncelle, translated by Francois C. Gérard and Francis F. Burch. pp. xvi.203, Allison Park, Pennsylvania, Pickwick Publications, 1984, no price given. Reading the Old Testament: Method in Biblical Study. By John Barton. pp. xvi,256. London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1984, £7.95. Hosea: an Israelite Prophet in Judean Perspective. By Grace I. Emmersqn. pp. xi;224 (Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 28), Sheffield, JSOT Press, 1984, £18.50 (hard-back), £7.50 (paperback). Jesus and the Politics of His Day. Edited by Ernst Bammel and C.D.F. Moule. pp. xi,511, Cambridge University Press, 1984, £37.50. Matthew and Paul: A Comparison of Ethical Perspectives. By Roger Mohrlang. pp. xiii, 242, (SNTS Monographs No.48), Cambridge University Press, 1984, £18.00. St Paul's Corinth: Texts and Archaeology. By Jerome Murphy-O'Connor. pp. xxi, 192 (Good News Studies 6), Wilmington (Delaware), Michael Glazier: Dublin, Veritas, 1984, £9.95. Crisis and Catharsis: The Power of the Apocalypse. By Adela Yarbro Collins. pp. 179, Philadelphia, The Westminster Press, 1984, $11.95. The Apocalypse: Biblical Revelation Explained. By Patrick J. Sena. pp. viii, 116, New York, Alba House, 1983, $6.95. The Eucharist in Bible and Liturgy. By G.D. Kilpatrick. pp. vii, 115. Cambridge University Press, 1984, £15.00. Medieval Theory of Authorship: Scholastic Literary Attitudes in the Later Middle Ages. By A.J. Minnis. pp. xviii, 323, London, Scolar Press, 1984, £35.00. Die griechische Gregoriosanaphora. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des eucharistischen Hochgebets. By Albert Gerhards. pp. xxiv, 261 (Liturgiewissenschaftliche Quellen und Forschungen 65), Münster, Aschendorff, 1984, DM78. Remembering the Future: Vatican II and Tomorrow's Liturgical Agenda. Edited by Carl A. Last. pp. 113, New York, Paulist Press, 1984, £5.00. On Liturgical Theology. By Aidan Kavanagh. pp. xiii,205, New York, Pueblo Publishing, 1984, No price given. The Promise of Narrative Theology. By George W. Stroup. pp. 288, London, SCM, 1984, £7.95. Conoscenza e Interiorità. By Bernard Lonergan, translated by Natalino Spaccapelo, pp. 262 (Nuovi Saggi Teologici, n.21), Bologna, Edizioni Dehoniane, 1984, 16,000 It. Lire. Justification and Sanctification. By Peter Toon, pp. 162, (Foundations for Faith Series), London, Marshall Morgan and Scott, 1983, £5.95. Justification: An Ecumenical Study. By George Tavard. pp. vi, 137, Ramsey, N.J., Paulist Press, 1983, $7.95. L‘Uomo tra Legge e Grazia: Analisi teologica del ’De Spiritu et Littera' di S. Agostino. By Domenico Marafioti, S.J. pp. 249, Brescia, Morcelliana, 1983, It. Lire 22,000. The Lay-Centred Church. Leonard Doohan. pp. 175. Minneapolis, Winston Press, 1984, £6.95. Magisterium: Teaching Authority in the Catholic Church. By Francis A. Sullivan, pp. 234, New York, Paulist Press, 1983, $8.95; Dublin, Gill and Macmillan, 1984, £6.95. The Christians as the Romans saw Them. By Robert L. Wilken. pp. xix,214, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984, £12.95. Divine Pedagogy: A Patristic View of Non-Christian Religions. By Chrys Saldanha Pp. 192 (Biblioteca di Scienze Religiose 57), Rome, Libreria Ateneo Salesiano, 1984, L.20,000. The Language and Logic of the Bible: The Earlier Middle Ages. By G.R. Evans. pp. xix, 199, Cambridge University Press, 1984, £18.50. The World of John of Salisbury. Edited by Michael Wilks. pp. xii, 469 (Studies in Church History. Subsidia 3), Oxford, Basil Blackwell, for the Ecclesiastical History Society, 1984, £25.00. Robert Grosseteste De Cessatione Legalium. Edited by Richard C. Dales and Edward B. King. pp. xxx, 215 (Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi VII), London, Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 1986, £25.00. Guilds and Civil Society in European Political Thought from the Twelfth Century to the Present. By Antony Black. pp. xv, 280, London, Methuen, 1984, £20.00. Muslims, Christians and Jews in the Crusader Kingdom of Valencia. By Robert I. Burns. pp. xx, 363, Cambridge University Press, 1984, £29.50. Religion and Society in Early Modern Europe 1500–1800. Edited by Kaspar von Greyerz. pp. xii, 281, London, Allen & Unwin, 1984, £22.50. The Mathematicians' Apprenticeship: Science, Universities and Society in England, 1560–1640. By Mordecai Feingold. pp. viii, 248, Cambridge University Press, 1984, £22.50. Christian England, Vol II: From the Reformation to the 18th Century. By David L. Edwards. pp. 526 (Fount Paperbacks), London, Collins, 1984, £4.95. Christian Hebraists and Dutch Rabbis. Seventeenth Century Apologetics and the Study of Maimonides' ‘Mishneh Torah’. By Aaron L. Katchen. pp. xvii, 391, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1984, £27.95. The Letters of Armand-Jean de Rancé, Abbot and Reformer of La Trappe. Presented by A.J. Krailsheimer. 2 vols. (Cistercian Studies Series 80 & 81) Kalamazoo, Cistercian Publications, 1984, no price given. Cherokees and Missionaries, 1789–1839. By William G. McLoughlin. pp. xiii, 375, New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 1984, £29.00. George Anthony Denison: The Firebrand By Joyce Coombs. pp. xxii, 244, London, The Church Literature Association, 1984, £12.50. English Catholic Modernism: Maude Petre's Way of Faith. By Clyde F. Crews. pp. xii, 156, Notre Dame (Ind.), University of Notre Dame Press; London, Burns & Oates, 1984, $16.95. Charles Williams: An Exploration of His Life and Work. By Alice Mary Hadfield. Pp. ix, 268, Oxford University Press, 1983, £15.00. Parents and Children: The Ethics of the Family. By Jeffrey Blustein. pp. 274, New York and Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1982, £8.95. Dimensions of Moral Education By Robert E. Carter, pp. xi, 242, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1984, no price given. Radical Departures: Desperate Detours to Growing Up. By Saul Levine. pp. xvi. 196, San Diego, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984, $15.95. Gender Politics. By Ethel Klein, pp. viii, 209, Cambridge (Mass.), Harvard University Press, 1984, £14.50. The Moral Status of Animals. By Stephen R.L Clark. pp. 221, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1984, £3.95. The Nature of the Beast: Are Animals Moral? By Stephen R.L. Clark. Pp. vii, 127, Oxford University Press, 1982, £7.95 (hardback), 1985 (paperback), £2.95. Rights, Killing and Suffering: Moral Vegetarianism and Applied Ethics. By R.G. Frey. pp. xii, 256, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1983, £17.50. In Defence of Animals. Edited by Peter Singer. pp. xi, 224, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1985, £15.00 (hardback), £4.95 (paperback). Plurality of Worlds: The Origins of the Extraterrestrial Life Debate from Democritus to Kant. By Steven J. Dick. pp. x, 247, Cambridge University Press, 1984, £7.50.     

Recent books

Abstract

Wyer, R.S., Jr., & Srull, T.K. (Eds.) (1993). Perspectives on anger and emotion: Advances in social cognition (Vol. VI). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. ISBN 0–8058–1326–8 (hbk), 0–8058–1327–6 (pbk), 206 pp. £29.95 (hbk), £13.50 (pbk)

Mathes, E.W. (1993). Jealousy: The psychological data. New York: University Press of America. ISBN 0–8191–8521–3, 204 pp. £32.50

Solomon, R.C. (1994). Above love: Reinventing romance for our times. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0–8226–3027–3, 352 pp. £14.95.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: Likert , Rensis . The Human Organization: Its Management and Value. Mc Gregor , Douglas . (Edited by Warren G. Bennis and Caroline McGregor) The Professional Manager. Hofstede , G. H. The Game of Budget Control. Wickert , Frederic R. (Editor) Readings in African Psychology from French Language Sources. Haney , William V. Communication and Organizational Behavior: Text and Cases. Rulon , Phillip J., Tiedeman , David V., Tatsuoka , Maurice M., and Langmuir , Charles R. Multivariate Statistics for Personnel Classification. Strauss , George , and Sayles , Leonard R. Personnel: The Human Problems of Management. Huneryager , S. G., and Heckmann , I. L. Human Relations in Management. Mc Lennan , Kenneth . Managerial Skill and Knowledge. Barkin , Solomon (Editor). Technical Change and Manpower Planning: Co-ordination at the Enterprise Level. Hawk , Roger H. The Recruitment Function. Raudsepp , Eugene . What the Executive Should Know about Creating and Selling Ideas.     

Young adults' partner preferences and parents' in-law preferences across generations,genders, and nations

To examine cultural, gender, and parent–child differences in partner preferences, in eight countries undergraduates (n = 2,071) and their parents (n = 1,851) ranked the desirability of qualities in someone the student might marry. Despite sizable cultural differences—especially between Southeast Asian and Western countries—participants generally ranked kind/understanding (reflecting interpersonal communion) highest, and intelligent and healthy (reflecting mental/physical agency) among the top four. Students valued exciting, attractive partners more and healthy, religious partners less than parents did; comparisons with rankings by youth in 1984 (i.e., from the parents' generation) suggested cohort effects cannot explain most parent–child disagreements. As evolutionary psychology predicts, participants prioritized wives' attractiveness and homemaker skills and husbands' education and breadwinner skills; but as sociocultural theory predicts, variations across countries/decades in gendered spousal/in-law preferences mirrored socioeconomic gender differences. Collectively, the results suggest individuals consider their social roles/circumstances when envisioning their ideal spouse/in-law, which has implications for how humans’ partner-appraisal capabilities evolved.