共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
2.
差数显著性t检验与元分析的对比研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用计算机构造被试总体、模拟实验研究程序进行抽样研究,探讨显著性t检验方法与元分析方法在检验实验结果数据方面的差异。在模拟实验过程中,t验受到显著性水平、样本容量和总体效果大小的影响,因此最终影响了统计推断的可靠性,建议:在进行显著性检验过程中,应对统计检验能力进行估计;元分析方法以样本为元素对总体进行推断,因此具有很高的准确性和可靠性,它将很有可能成为今后心理学研究的重要统计工具。 相似文献
3.
通过两个实验探讨集中注意和补笔练习对立即回忆、延迟回忆的影响。实验一以英语单词为学习材料,使用组间设计方法,实验组采用附加追随程序和补笔练习;控制组为自定学习方式。学习结果表明:在自由回忆英文单词、听写英文单词和中译英三个方面,实验组的学习成绩明显高于控制组;实验组的学习方式更有利于低分组学生的学习。实验二的学习方式与实验一相同,通过4次测试的回归分析发现,实验组的学习发展水平明显高于控制组。 相似文献
4.
肌电生物反馈术与自我松弛法对解除产妇焦虑的效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
处于焦虑状态的三个实验组孕妇分别接受肌电生物反馈、自我松弛、与肌电生物反馈加自我松弛三种训练。控制组被试只要求她们放松而不教给任何松弛方法。每一组都进行了每次30分钟共六次训练(或测定)。EMG、GSR的变化平均数和特质焦虑问卷分的变化说明三实验组训练前后有显著差异,但是三组之间的差异无统计意义。控制组的这些指标显示焦虑状态没有缓解。随访结果显示实验组与控制组在待产室和分娩时的主观焦虑感觉有显著差异。笔者建议在产妇中作集体自我松弛训练,以降低孕产期焦虑。 相似文献
5.
6.
自我语言提示与两种心理操作的实验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选取大学生被试108名,用实验的方式研究了自我语言提示对情绪和记忆意向两种心理操作的影响。实验被试分3组,两个实验组和一个控制组。实验1组被试使用积极的自我语言提示,实验2组使用消极的自我语言提示,控制组使用中性语言提示,结果发现,实验1组和实验2组在情绪和记忆意向方面存在显著差异,三组的总体差异极显著,说明语言提示对被试的两种心理操作有显著的影响效果。 相似文献
7.
8.
实验1和实验2分别探究在低难度和高难度进行中任务条件下是否存在TBPM的练习效应及其人格差异,结果发现无论在何种情况下,实验组的前瞻记忆成绩均显著高于控制组,说明TBPM的练习效应稳定存在;A-B型人格类型与组别交互作用均不显著,说明A型和B型人格在TBPM的练习效应上没有差异;实验组在总的时间监控次数和后期时间监控次数上均高于控制组,时间差均低于控制组,说明练习通过提高时间监控有效性和总的注意投入量来提高前瞻记忆成绩。 相似文献
9.
实验1和实验2分别探究在低难度和高难度进行中任务条件下是否存在TBPM的练习效应及其人格差异,结果发现无论在何种情况下,实验组的前瞻记忆成绩均显著高于控制组,说明TBPM的练习效应稳定存在;A-B型人格类型与组别交互作用均不显著,说明A型和B型人格在TBPM的练习效应上没有差异;实验组在总的时间监控次数和后期时间监控次数上均高于控制组,时间差均低于控制组,说明练习通过提高时间监控有效性和总的注意投入量来提高前瞻记忆成绩。 相似文献
10.
11.
从元分析看传统心理统计的局限性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前,心理学研究文献中占主导地位的数据分析和解释方法是传统的统计方法。元分析方法已经表明传统的统计方法延缓了心理学理论的创新和知识累积的增长。该文从元分析方法的角度阐述了传统的心理统计在处理研究结果方面的局限性。 相似文献
12.
In the present article, we focus on two indices that quantify directionality and skew-symmetrical patterns in social interactions as measures of social reciprocity: the directional consistency (DC) and skew-symmetry indices. Although both indices enable researchers to describe social groups, most studies require statistical inferential tests. The main aims of the present study are first, to propose an overall statistical technique for testing null hypotheses regarding social reciprocity in behavioral studies, using the DC and skew-symmetry statistics (Phi) at group level; and second, to compare both statistics in order to allow researchers to choose the optimal measure depending on the conditions. In order to allow researchers to make statistical decisions, statistical significance for both statistics has been estimated by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, this study will enable researchers to choose the optimal observational conditions for carrying out their research, since the power of the statistical tests has been estimated. 相似文献
13.
In this article, sequential meta-analysis is presented as a method for determining the sufficiency of cumulative knowledge
in single-case research synthesis. Sufficiency addresses the question of whether there is enough cumulative knowledge on a
topic to yield convincing statistical evidence. The method combines cumulative meta-analysis of single-case experimental data
with formal sequential testing. After describing the underlying statistical techniques, a strategy for conducting a sequential
single-case meta-analysis is illustrated using a real meta-analytic database. The sequential methodology may serve as a valuable
tool for behavioral researchers to guide them in making optimal use of limited resources. 相似文献
14.
A behavioral consistency model was used to evaluate the predictive validity of ability and training performance measures as components in a two-stage pre-reject sequential selection procedure. Participants were 91 college students who completed ability tests and training relevant to an air intercept and traffic control operator task. A simulation study was conducted so that two groups could be examined: a high ability group, analogous to a screened hired employee group in an organization; and a quasi-random ability group, analogous to an applicant pool as a validation sample. The incremental validity of training performance was practically and statistically significant in the prediction of component and overall task performance after including ability as a predictor in both groups. Adding ability to the prediction of task performance after training performance had been used as a predictor had no practical effects in either sample. The validity and likely utility of using sequential procedures to select employees as well as implications of behavioral consistency measures for privacy and discrimination in employee testing are discussed. Future research directions using different types of training and employee samples are also described. 相似文献
15.
Correlated multivariate ordinal data can be analysed with structural equation models. Parameter estimation has been tackled in the literature using limited-information methods including three-stage least squares and pseudo-likelihood estimation methods such as pairwise maximum likelihood estimation. In this paper, two likelihood ratio test statistics and their asymptotic distributions are derived for testing overall goodness-of-fit and nested models, respectively, under the estimation framework of pairwise maximum likelihood estimation. Simulation results show a satisfactory performance of type I error and power for the proposed test statistics and also suggest that the performance of the proposed test statistics is similar to that of the test statistics derived under the three-stage diagonally weighted and unweighted least squares. Furthermore, the corresponding, under the pairwise framework, model selection criteria, AIC and BIC, show satisfactory results in selecting the right model in our simulation examples. The derivation of the likelihood ratio test statistics and model selection criteria under the pairwise framework together with pairwise estimation provide a flexible framework for fitting and testing structural equation models for ordinal as well as for other types of data. The test statistics derived and the model selection criteria are used on data on ‘trust in the police’ selected from the 2010 European Social Survey. The proposed test statistics and the model selection criteria have been implemented in the R package lavaan. 相似文献
16.
17.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) as a low intensity intervention for common mental health disorders (CMHD), and investigates some potential moderators of these effects. A meta-analysis was conducted on 49 randomised controlled trials comparing CCBT to other therapies (n = 24) and waiting list controls (n = 25), across the range of CMHD. Results indicated an overall mean effect size of g = 0.77 (95 % CI 0.59–0.95) in favour of the CCBT trial arms. CCBT was found to be significantly more effective than both waitlist and active control conditions. The mean age of study sample and type of control group both significantly moderated this effect. No further measured variables, including guidance were found to moderate this effect. These findings indicate that CCBT can be an effective low-intensity intervention for CMHD and support the implementation of CCBT within the stepped-care context. Limitations of this review, and implications for theory, research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Since the meta-analysis by De Dreu and Weingart (2003b) on the effects of intragroup conflict on group outcomes, more than 80 new empirical studies of conflict have been conducted, often investigating more complex, moderated relationships between conflict and group outcomes, as well as new types of intragroup conflict, such as process conflict. To explore the trends in this new body of literature, we conducted a meta-analysis of 116 empirical studies of intragroup conflict (n = 8,880 groups) and its relationship with group outcomes. To address the heterogeneity across the studies included in the meta-analysis, we also investigated a number of moderating variables. Stable negative relationships were found between relationship and process conflict and group outcomes. In contrast to the results of De Dreu and Weingart, we did not find a strong and negative association between task conflict and group performance. Analyses of main effects as well as moderator analyses revealed a more complex picture. Task conflict and group performance were more positively related among studies where the association between task and relationship conflict was relatively weak, in studies conducted among top management teams rather than non-top management teams, and in studies where performance was measured in terms of financial performance or decision quality rather than overall performance. 相似文献
19.
A meta-analysis was conducted to compare perceptions of Duchenne smiles, smiles that include activation of the cheek raiser muscle that creates crow's feet around the eyes, with perceptions of non-Duchenne smiles, smiles without cheek raiser activation. In addition to testing the overall effect, moderator analyses were conducted to test how methodological, stimulus-specific and perceiver-specific differences between studies predicted the overall effect size. The meta-analysis found that, overall, Duchenne smiles and people producing Duchenne smiles are rated more positively (i.e., authentic, genuine, real, attractive, trustworthy) than non-Duchenne smiles and people producing non-Duchenne smiles. The difference between Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles was greater when the stimuli were videos rather than photographs, when smiles were elicited naturally rather than through posing paradigms and when Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles were not matched for intensity of the lip corner puller in addition to other perceiver and methodological moderators. 相似文献