大学生对宗教的认同、态度及影响因素调查分析

为了解大学生对宗教的认同、态度及相应的影响因素,采用自编问卷对1679名大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示,12. 92%的调查对象表示自己相信宗教,高年级大学生更容易认同宗教;大学生对宗教的态度较为宽容,但认识较为模糊;亲友信仰宗教情况和个人的社会信仰是大学生宗教认同的影响因素。大学生对宗教的认同和态度受多方面因素的影响,高校应针对影响因素采取有效措施,提高大学生的科学信仰水平。     

大学生基督徒宗教认同的调查和分析

本文以无记名问卷方式抽样调查了大学生基督徒的宗教认同问题,包括大学生基督徒宗教认同的建构与维持、大学生基督徒宗教认同的面向与层次、大学生基督徒宗教认同的呈现与形塑。研究发现,中国大学生基督徒的宗教认同状况总体上支持西方宗教心理学的研究理论,大多数大学生基督徒基本的宗教认同都是从家庭中获得的,只有少数大学生基督徒的宗教信仰是在经过一番研究和慎思之后通过有意识的追求而获得的。     

族群认同与宗教结构特性——以凉山诺苏彝族及其原生性宗教为例

宗教与族群之关系一直是中国民族宗教研究中的重要议题,我国民族宗教的复杂样态和多元面向往往使得二者的关系呈现错综复杂的状态。通过对族群认同与宗教关联的探讨,是有效厘清和深刻把握二者关系的重要途径。本文的研究对象诺苏是典型的基于血缘和祖源认同基础之上的族群,族籍血缘认同是诺苏族群认同的基础与核心。这种强调血缘根性的族群特性,塑造了以"血缘祖先"为崇拜核心的原生性宗教类型。本文通过对凉山彝族——诺苏的宗教与族群之关联探析,并与其他族群宗教进行对比探究,以呈现族群特性对宗教的型塑作用。     

宗教信徒对中华文化认同的影响因素探究——基于基督徒群体的实证分析

基于对江苏1317名基督徒的抽样调查,本文探讨了基督徒对中华文化认同的影响因素。研究发现受教育程度成为影响信徒文化认同的主要世俗身份变量,教育程度越高,信徒对中华文化的认同度越强;但宗教身份变量,即宗教认知与宗教实践对个体的文化认同影响呈现多变性。以上发现对于提高宗教信徒的文化认同实践工作有参考价值。     

全球化语境下的宗教认同与公民身份互动分析

全球化时代下,现代国家大都面临着多元宗教共存的社会现实,这就形成了以宗教为载体的次级共同体与以公民身份为载体的统一国家共同体之间相互融合,不断调适的互动.直接表现为,公民群体在具有多重身份、多重认同取向的时候进行身份选择的情形,其要点在于“宗教多元的公民社会与国家统一的平衡关系问题”.而在此身份选择的进程中,宗教认同与公民身份认同形成了“一体双元”互动模式,即以利益-制度关系为基础赞同与否互动和以文化-心理关系为基础的归属与否互动.     

民族认同、宗教认同、国家认同的互嵌和互惠——从达浦生阿訇生平看伊斯兰教中国化CSSCISSCI

本文以达浦生阿訇为例,具体分析了其生平实践中蕴含的民族认同、宗教认同、国家认同生成的社会框架,以及其个体实践中三种认同的互嵌与互惠。这展现了近代我国伊斯兰教中国化的特征,揭示了现代背景下伊斯兰教中国化道路成功的原因,彰显出达浦生阿訇不愧为我国伊斯兰教中国化的典范。     

在多种身份中看待宗教认同

宗教认同研究的意义在于梳理宗教认同与其他身份认同的关系,减少由于单一身份标签导致的对多样身份存在的扭曲,探索构建社会和谐之路。在汉斯莫尔(Hans Mol)以宗教是身份的神圣化定位了宗教认同的基本内涵时,     

家庭功能对青少年道德推脱的影响:责任心与道德认同的作用

用总体家庭功能量表、青少年人格五因素问卷、道德认同问卷和道德推脱问卷对1013名青少年进行调查。结果表明:(1)家庭功能对青少年道德推脱具有显著的负向预测作用;(2)在家庭功能对青少年道德推脱的负向预测关系中,责任心起部分中介作用;(3)家庭功能通过责任心对道德推脱的间接影响随着道德认同水平的增加而减弱。     

Religion,Health, and the Psychology of Religion: How the Research on Religion and Health Helps Us Understand Religion

An increasing replication of studies find a correlation between religious belief and practice and mental and physical health and longevity. This paper discusses some of the implications of this research for the ways in which religion might understood psychologically. Most interpretations of this data focus on the presence of one or more mediating variables. This paper argues that the presence of these mediating factors helps us understand more precisely some of the ways in which religion actually does impact on human life and in what the psychological uniqueness of religion actually consists.     

青少年民族认同的发展特点及影响因素

民族认同是一个终生动态发展的过程。青少年的民族认同影响到民族文化的传承和发展,而且民族认同和文化适应、心理健康、人格发展、亲社会行为等紧密相关。本研究选取1328名11～20岁的青少年为被试,探求青少年民族认同（包括对本民族认同和中华民族认同）在不同年龄阶段的特点,发现20岁是青少年认同的关键时期,母亲的受教育程度等对民族认同有显著影响作用。     

班级内青少年非正式群体认同发展研究

青少年的群体认同影响个体的自我发展。对小五、初二和高二的学生进行调查发现,不同年龄阶段的学生对群体的“情感投入”“体验承诺”和“认知”存在显著差别。小五学生属于一种“幼稚型”群体认同,初二和高二学生属于一种“理智型”群体认同。     

Duke University's Program on Religion,Aging, and Health

ABSTRACT

Assisted living facilities (ALFs) offer a level of care between independent living and nursing homes. Recently researchers have begun to explore quality-of-life issues concerning residents of ALFs. Considerable research suggests that religion is positively associated with both emotional and physical health. This study examines how residents use religious practices to cope with the challenges of life in ALFs. Qualitative analysis of in-person interview data from 55 residents of ALFs revealed a variety of religious practices, such as prayer, church attendance, and Bible reading. Most residents deemed religion important and reported that religious practices provided a framework for coping with problems. Coping ranged from the mundane (e.g., attending a gospel concert to offset the otherwise dull routine of the home) to the transcendent (e.g., enlisting the support of an omnipotent ally in the face of adversity). Six ways residents utilized religion as a coping mechanism emerged. Residents used religion to maintain continuity with their previous lives; to obtain relief from physical or emotional pain; to provide a framework for socialization; to develop courage; to maintain a purpose for their lives; and to prepare for death. Suggestions for enhancing the quality and variety of religious activities within ALFs are offered.     

Globalization and Religious Nationalism: Self, Identity, and the Search for Ontological Security

The globalization of economics, politics, and human affairs has made individuals and groups more ontologically insecure and existentially uncertain. One main response to such insecurity is to seek reaffirmation of one's self identity by drawing closer to any collective that is perceived as being able to reduce insecurity and existential anxiety. The combination of religion and nationalism is a particularly powerful response ("identity-signifier") in times of rapid change and uncertain futures, and is therefore more likely than other identity constructions to arise during crises of ontological insecurity.     

Psychocultural Interpretations and Dramas: Identity Dynamics in Ethnic Conflict

Ethnic identity connects individuals through perceived common past experiences and expectations of shared future ones. Identity is concerned with group judgments and judgments about groups and their motives. This article explores identity through the case of Loyal Order Protestant parades in Northern Ireland and the concepts of psychocultural interpretations (shared, deeply held worldviews found in group narratives) and psychocultural dramas (conflicts over competing, and apparently irresolvable, claims that engage the central elements of a group's historical experience). Psychocultural dramas are polarizing events whose manifest content involves non-negotiable cultural claims, threats, and/or rights that become important because of their connections to core metaphors and group narratives that embody a group's identity. In ethnic conflicts, psychocultural dramas arise over competing claims that evoke deeply rooted dimensions of the conflict which cannot be settled by reference to more general rules or higher authority. Psychocultural dramas are tools of analysis for understanding the centrality of cultural identity and ritual in ethnic conflict and for the redefinition of such conflicts in ways that increase the chances for managing them constructively. Examining the psychocultural dramas surrounding parades disputes in Northern Ireland suggests why and how some conflicts are more amenable to constructive outcomes than others.     

PRAYING TOGETHER: CORPORATE PRAYER AND SHARED SITUATIONS

In this article, we give much needed attention to the nature and value of corporate prayer by drawing together insights from theology, philosophy, and psychology. First, we explain what it is that distinguishes corporate from private prayer by drawing on the psychological literature on joint attention and the philosophical notion of shared situations. We suggest that what is central to corporate prayer is a “sense of sharedness,” which can be established through a variety of means—through bodily interactions or through certain environments. Second, we argue that corporate prayer, when understood as a kind of shared situation, enables common knowledge, as well as a kind of alignment between participants. Through this process, participants’ attention is focused on the same target and affiliation between participants increases. Thus, we suggest, one benefit of understanding corporate prayer as a shared situation is that it establishes and deepens a sense of community in such a way that common purposes and goals can be enacted more effectively.     

青少年自我同一性发展研究

本研究以小学至高中阶段的青少年为研究对象,使用自我同一性状态客观测量的标准化问卷,对青少年的自我同一性发展规律进行分析,研究结果发现,自我同一性的发展是一个逐渐变化的过程,其中,初中是一个很重要的阶段;同时,自我同一性的发展在不同领域问表现出发展不同步的现象,人际关系领域发展比意识形态领域较早;另外,自我同一性发展受地区、性别角色等因素影响。     

Phenomenology and Theology—Reflections on the Study of Religion

The academic study of religious belief and practice is frequently taken to debunk the content of religion. This attitude impedes the science-theology dialogue and causes believers to react defensively toward studies of religion. I argue that a large, although not unrestricted, domain exists in which phenomenology of religion is neutral with respect to content, that is, compatible with either belief or unbelief. Theology can constructively interact with secular studies of religion, in some cases even explicitly hostile ones. Three themes emerge that elaborate on this interaction: (1) the claim that a scientific study of religion is capable of refuting belief is a logical mistake; (2) religious practice, and to some extent belief, can benefit from secular scrutiny; (3) the entirety of religious expressions is richer than the content that can be captured by analytical study of the phenomenon.