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1.
Theological thinking is influenced by perspectives on the relation of scientific knowledge to reality. Two paradigms for understanding the nature of human knowledge are considered in relation to quantum mechanics: the subjective-observing perspective of Kant, and the objective-participant perspective of Thomas Aquinas. I discuss whether quantum mechanics necessarily implies a subject centered perspective on reality, and argue, with reference to d'Espagnat's notion of veiled reality, that quantum non-separability challenges this view. I then explore whether the objective-participant perspective of Thomas Aquinas provides a more fruitful context for understanding quantum mechanics. I discuss quantum measurement in terms of the transition from potentiality to actuality, and knowledge as the latent intelligibility of the world realized. However, the negative nature of our knowledge of quantum non-separability also challenges this perspective. Our theological thinking in response to quantum knowledge must therefore proceed tentatively, balancing a via positiva, with a via negativa. 相似文献
2.
This essay looks at three contemporary Jewish American playwrights: Tony Kushner, Martin Sherman and Deb Margolin, whose plays
ask fundamental questions about Jewish identity in its political, cultural and spiritual dimensions. Breaking from the concerns
of their theatrical predecessors, most of whom ignored or disguised their Jewish roots, these playwrights draw on profoundly
Jewish concepts to reconfigure narratives of redemption, obligation, ethical community, and Messianic utopianism. Their plays
are characterized by a sensibility of “unruly difference.” Attracted by the politics of marginality; these writers re-imagine
otherness in plays that celebrate a different understanding of faith and conjure the sublime. By carving out a more capacious
definition of Judaism that embraces contradiction and contention, faith and doubt, progressive social vision and deepened
spiritual commitment, they sit aslant the mainstream. They are drawn to their understanding of the spiritual power and cultural
grandeur of the Jewish heritage, but question the politics of accommodation and the limitations of tradition and law. The
ambivalence these writers express about Judaism adds to the complexity of their writing and to its value as a cultural indicator.
Working in new idioms, they refute traditional discourses and dominant paradigms of conformity and coalescence that characterize
modern Jewish-American life. 相似文献
3.
This discussion paper argues that both the use of Cronbach’s alpha as a reliability estimate and as a measure of internal
consistency suffer from major problems. First, alpha always has a value, which cannot be equal to the test score’s reliability
given the interitem covariance matrix and the usual assumptions about measurement error. Second, in practice, alpha is used
more often as a measure of the test’s internal consistency than as an estimate of reliability. However, it can be shown easily
that alpha is unrelated to the internal structure of the test. It is further discussed that statistics based on a single test
administration do not convey much information about the accuracy of individuals’ test performance. The paper ends with a list
of conclusions about the usefulness of alpha. 相似文献
5.
The demise of Christendom is of fundamental significance in understanding the present and future relationship between the churches and European culture. Attempts to develop post-Christendom perspectives are hindered by linguistic and conceptual confusion. This article explores misleading implications of the terms ‘post-Constantinian’ and ‘post-Christian’ and argues for the consistent use of the term ‘post-Christendom’. Use of the terms ‘Christendom’ and ‘post-Christendom’ has been criticised for failing to differentiate between different kinds of Church–state partnerships, some of which may be less problematic than others. This article acknowledges such historical differences but argues that there is an underlying ideological unity susceptible of being described and investigated under these labels. It argues further that attempts to promote a benign expression of Christendom as a possible future for Europe are unwise. It summarises the transitions occurring as Europe journeys beyond Christendom and argues for creative engagement with post-Christendom as an opportunity for ecclesial renewal. 相似文献
6.
We present and discuss two recently discovered pieces of correspondence by Frege: a postcard to Heinrich Rickert dated 1 July 1911 and a letter to Hinrich Knittermeyer dated 25 October 1912. The documents and their historical context shed new light on Frege's relation to the Neo-Kantians. 相似文献
7.
Rasch models are characterised by sufficient statistics for all parameters. In the Rasch unidimensional model for two ordered
categories, the parameterisation of the person and item is symmetrical and it is readily established that the total scores
of a person and item are sufficient statistics for their respective parameters. In contrast, in the unidimensional polytomous
Rasch model for more than two ordered categories, the parameterisation is not symmetrical. Specifically, each item has a vector
of item parameters, one for each category, and each person only one person parameter. In addition, different items can have
different numbers of categories and, therefore, different numbers of parameters. The sufficient statistic for the parameters
of an item is itself a vector. In estimating the person parameters in presently available software, these sufficient statistics
are not used to condition out the item parameters. This paper derives a conditional, pairwise, pseudo-likelihood and constructs
estimates of the parameters of any number of persons which are independent of all item parameters and of the maximum scores
of all items. It also shows that these estimates are consistent. Although Rasch’s original work began with equating tests
using test scores, and not with items of a test, the polytomous Rasch model has not been applied in this way. Operationally,
this is because the current approaches, in which item parameters are estimated first, cannot handle test data where there
may be many scores with zero frequencies. A small simulation study shows that, when using the estimation equations derived
in this paper, such a property of the data is no impediment to the application of the model at the level of tests. This opens
up the possibility of using the polytomous Rasch model directly in equating test scores. 相似文献
8.
We discuss properties that association coefficients may have in general, e.g., zero value under statistical independence,
and we examine coefficients for 2×2 tables with respect to these properties. Furthermore, we study a family of coefficients
that are linear transformations of the observed proportion of agreement given the marginal probabilities. This family includes
the phi coefficient and Cohen’s kappa. The main result is that the linear transformations that set the value under independence
at zero and the maximum value at unity, transform all coefficients in this family into the same underlying coefficient. This
coefficient happens to be Loevinger’s H. 相似文献
9.
Factor analysis and nomological network analysis are commonly used as complementary procedures in the investigation of the dimensionality of constructs (e.g., self-esteem, job satisfaction). Although it has been demonstrated that factor analyses are often biased toward a two-dimensional solution for measures including regular- and reverse-keyed items, less attention has been paid to the implications for nomological network analyses. We propose, and demonstrate empirically in two studies, that item keying is confounded with item valence (i.e., favorability of item content), and that item valence can bias the results of both factor analysis and nomological network analysis toward a two-dimensional interpretation. We also demonstrate that the valence effect is related to, but distinguishable from, social desirability response bias. We caution that the practice of excluding reverse-keyed items to achieve unidimensionality can lead to distortion in correlations among constructs, and we offer alternative remedies to the valence problem. 相似文献
10.
The main goal of this paper is to argue the relevance of Hegel’s notion of the Trinity with respect to two aspects of Hegel’s idealism: the overcoming of subjectivism and his conception of the ‘I’. I contend that these two aspects are interconnected and that the Trinity is important to Hegel’s strategy for addressing these questions. I first address the problem of subjectivism by considering Hegel’s thought against the background of modern philosophy. I argue that the recognitive structure of Hegel’s idealism led him to give the Trinity a decisive role in his philosophical account. Next, I discuss the Trinity by analysing the three divine persons. This analysis paves the way for the conclusion, where I argue that the Trinity represents a model for re-thinking the ‘I’ in a way that overcomes a ‘naïve realist’ and a ‘subjective’ account of the self. I suggest that Hegel’s absolute idealism can be conceived as an approach to the ‘I’ that considers the role of acts of mutual recognition for the genesis of self-conscious thought, and that the Trinity is the Darstellung of the relational and recognitive structure of the ‘I’. 相似文献
11.
The Non-Equivalent groups with Anchor Test (NEAT) design involves missing
data that are missing by design. Three nonlinear observed score equating methods used with a NEAT design are the frequency estimation equipercentile equating (FEEE), the chain equipercentile equating (CEE), and the item-response-theory observed-score-equating (IRT OSE). These three methods each make different assumptions about the missing data in the NEAT design. The FEEE method
assumes that the conditional distribution of the test score given the anchor test score is the same in the two examinee groups.
The CEE method assumes that the equipercentile functions equating the test score to the anchor test score are the same in
the two examinee groups. The IRT OSE method assumes that the IRT model employed fits the data adequately, and the items in
the tests and the anchor test do not exhibit differential item functioning across the two examinee groups. This paper first
describes the missing data assumptions of the three equating methods. Then it describes how the missing data in the NEAT design
can be filled in a manner that is coherent with the assumptions made by each of these equating methods. Implications on equating
are also discussed. 相似文献
12.
Viewing itself as the spiritual heir of Eastern European Orthodoxy, contemporary Haredi Orthodoxy in the United States is
much invested in its representation of the transition of Jews and Judaism from Eastern Europe to the United States. The story
of this transition is contemporary American Haredi Jewry’s “founding myth,” shaped into a narrative that aids the Haredi community
to define itself with respect to the American culture in which it is perforce embedded. Contemporary English language Haredi
historical writing offers a nostalgic image of Eastern European Jewry, as well as a vision of the destructive effects of immigration
to America. It paints an inspirational portrait of a handful of immigrant rabbis who managed to recreate on American shores
a (purportedly) ideal Judaism of Eastern Europe, despite American culture’s imputed destructive nature. At the same time,
this narrative also conveys a sense that Americanization is not all bad, that it is even a necessary aspect of contemporary
Haredi Judaism.
This article is an expanded version of a paper presented at Ben Gurion University’s Hurst Seminar on Jewish Immigration in
the 20 th Century, May 24, 2006. The research was partially funded by a grant from the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture, and
by the Moshe Davis Memorial Fellowship from the Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University. My thanks to Nava
Finkelman, Eliezer and Marilyn Finkelman, Kimmy Caplan, Menachem Kellner, Marc Shapiro, Moshe Shoshan, Kenneth Stow, and two
anonymous referees for their comments on previous drafts of this paper. 相似文献
14.
Recent theoretical and empirical evidence as well as experimental and practical highlights from 60 years of clinical practice, research, and teaching in family therapy are summarized. This summary contains recent highlights that remain in my memory more vividly than others. I shall start with selected models of Relational Competence Theory (RCT), including variations on the theme of the Deadly Drama Triangle and their workbook applications. 相似文献
15.
We aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance in a cardiac patient population over a 12-month period and assess its relationship with treatment adherence, self-efficacy, anxiety and depression. A total of 134 patients consecutively admitted to two Australian hospitals after acute myocardial infarction (31%), or to undergo bypass surgery (29%) or percutaneous coronary intervention (40%) were interviewed at six weeks and four and 12 months. Sleep disturbance was measured using a recode of the Beck Depression Inventory (v.2) item 16. Anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sleep disturbance was highly prevalent (69%) at 6 weeks but was not associated with 12-month psychological outcomes. Path analysis revealed that sleep disturbance at 4 months was, however, associated with reduced treatment adherence and self-efficacy, and higher anxiety and depression scores at 12 months. The high prevalence of sleep disturbance in this study and its association with psychological outcomes may have adverse prognostic implications and possibly impede cardiac rehabilitation efforts. 相似文献
18.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) students are a substantial minority group within U.S. elementary, middle, and high schools. Many LGBQ students face harassment and discrimination, which can contribute to educational and psychological problems. Teachers play key roles in students’ school experiences, and their attitudes about homosexuality can influence their behavior toward LGBQ students. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of teachers’ positive and negative LGBQ-related attitudes, potential changes in attitudes over time, and demographic and social variables that may be related to teachers’ attitudes. This study uses data from 305 pre-kindergarten through 12th grade teachers, collected in waves 2006–2014 of the General Social Survey. Results indicate that teachers’ attitudes toward homosexuality have become more favorable over time; however, many teachers still hold negative attitudes. Just under half of teachers exhibited at least one negative LGBQ-related attitude. Age, political conservativeness, religious attendance, and carryover of religious beliefs were significantly associated with negative LGBQ attitudes. Teachers with a fundamentalist religious orientation tended to have more negative attitudes about homosexuality than teachers with more progressive religious orientations. Negative attitudes were more often found among teachers of color, compared to White teachers, and teachers in the South, Midwest, and Mountain regions tended toward more negative attitudes than teachers in the Northeast and Pacific regions. Teachers have an ethical responsibility to see that all students, regardless of sexual orientation, receive a quality education. Education and training are needed to address problematic attitudes that may negatively affect LGBQ students. 相似文献
19.
Abstract This paper is in two parts. This, the first part, traces the inter-related development of trainee group analyst and training group during the first nine months of the group's life. The influence that personal group analytic psychotherapy, supervision and theoretical learning have on the trainee are also considered in relation to the development of the group and its members, many of whom suffer from narcissistic and borderline disorders. The metaphor of ‘making room’ is used to explore the efforts of analyst and group to contain the chaotic, confused and unbounded projective identifications of its members. In this way, amidst the crowded turbulence of the group, a space begins to open up in which, slowly and painfully, the capacity for reflection may emerge. 相似文献
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