民族地区群体性事件激发的社会心理分析

民族地区的群体性事件已严重危害社会的稳定,又因其涉及民族、宗教问题就更为复杂,探讨民族地区群体性事件发生的心理机制可以为有效预防此类事件提供理论依据。这类事件的社会心理因素主要涉及群体(民族)认同、群体相对剥夺、群体效能、群体愤怒情绪,其中相对剥夺在群体认同和群体性事件间起中介作用;群体效能在群体认同和群体性事件间起中介作用;群际情绪在群体认同与群体性事件间起中介作用;群际情绪在相对剥夺与群体性事件间起中介作用;群际情绪在群体效能与群体性事件间起调节作用。根据它们之间的关系建构其社会心理模型,以期为民族地区群体性事件的减少提供帮助。     

转型期农村群体性事件对农村稳定发展的影响

农村的现代化进程,要求对原有农村的治理体系和利益格局进行调整。新农村建设需要一个稳定和谐的农村发展环境。农民利益调整和再分配导致的利益纠纷在近年农村群体性事件表现明显。由于触发诱因不同,农村群体性事件的类型也不同。而农村群体性事件触发的原因往往是影响农村稳定发展的因素累积到一定程度的结果。当前必须要高度重视农村群体性事件,采取多种措施逐步消解影响农村稳定发展的矛盾和纠纷。     

心理学原理在处置群体性事件中的应用

当前我国群体性事件频发,对我国社会稳定,经济建设造成了巨大影响。本文以心理学知识为基础,首先分析了投机心理、相对剥夺感等主要群体心理,其次探讨了心理学原理在处置群体性事件中的具体应用。     

网络群体性事件的非直接利益化分析

非直接利益化成为当前网络群体性事件的一个重要特征。非直接利益化网络群体性事件是具有一定公共性的社会问题的网络反映,间接地反映或折射事件参与者的利益。此类网络群体性事件对冲突各方乃至整个社会将产生深刻影响,而一些负面影响则需要引起我们高度关注并深入研究,认真解决。     

谣言传播的影响因素及动机机制研究述评

谣言是指一种据称真实但未经证实的普遍流传的说法。谣言会通过社会成员之间的信息传递而影响公众的态度和行为。谣言在传播过程中,既受到个体水平上的认知和情绪变量的影响,也受到群体变量及情境变量的影响。个体传播谣言的心理动机包括寻求事实、关系提升和自我提升。谣言在突发公共事件（自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件等）中具有很大的破坏性,在群体性事件中谣言的传播、扩散会使矛盾更加激化,冲突进一步升级。未来的研究需要进一步探查影响谣言传播的群体因素,从群体动力学的角度探究谣言传播的心理机制,并考虑谣言在突发社会事件中传播的特征。     

群体性事件中的法制媒体报道策略

当前,我国群体性事件处于高发期,对群体性事件的传播报道迫切需要更多专业媒体和更娴熟的报道策略来改变长期形成的报道思维定势。法制媒体经历了20多年的发展正逐步走向成熟和完善,及时、主动、科学的应对和报道群体性事件成为今后一段时间法制媒体主要的功能和义务。在此过程中,一方面法制媒体要尊重群体性事件本身的规律,发挥法制媒体及时性、专业性、权威性的优势;另一方面要坚持正确的舆论导向,营造解决问题的舆论环境,力求达成社会的平衡、公平、公正。同时要完善法制媒体在应对群体性事件中的报道机制和保障机制,避免法制媒介自身的不良倾向,突出法制媒体在报道群体性事件中的特色,重视新媒体在群体性事件报道中的特殊和积极作用。     

宪政体制下群体性事件的根源治理——以市民社会的建立为视角

群体性事件产生的根源在于公民权利的异化、政府权力的异化以及公民权利救济渠道的不通畅.根据宪政理论分析,关键就在于公民权利与政府权力之间存在冲突.市民社会是公民权利与政府权力沟通的渠道,能够平衡公民权利与政府权力,这与宪政理论的要求是一致的.因此,在宪政体制下建立市民社会对于从根源上消除群体性事件的发生具有决定性作用.     

群体性事件风险治理:基于“能力—理念—基础”的分析框架

国内外学术界有关中国群体性事件的研究,主要有国家取向和社会取向两种路径。本文采取国家取向的研究路径,将群体性事件的发展过程看作是一个从"孕育点"的社会环境到"生成点"的社会矛盾问题并最终发展到"爆发点"的人群聚集活动的动态演变过程。在文献述评的基础上,本文构建了一个"能力—理念—基础"的分析框架,从面向群体性事件的过程管理、面向社会矛盾问题的源头治理、面向社会环境的系统调理三个维度,来研究群体性事件风险治理问题,强调群体性事件风险治理需要提高风险管控能力、树立安全发展理念、营造良好社会环境,实现源头治理、系统治理、综合治理相统一。对贵州瓮安"6·28"事件的案例研究,验证了"能力—理念—基础"分析框架的适用性与解释力。     

农村群体性事件处理中的问题和新思路——从法律监督权出发

目前大多数农村群体性事件的处理方式简单,防控被动,政府公信力低,容易酿成更大的社会矛盾。基于法律监督机关的定位,检察机关在农村群体性事件的解决中具有天然的优势地位,可以起到救济农民权益、监督政府行为和提高政府公信力的作用,因而能从根源上有效预防和处置农村群体性事件。     

从管理心理学看网络群体性事件——以厦门“PX”事件为例

以厦门“PX”,事件为例从激励机制的角度分析网络群体性事件多发的原因,探究群体事件处理过程中受到奖励的对象和问题。发现在网络群体性事件处理中虽然存在一些对积极行为的奖励,如对社会正义的追求等,但存在不少问题,主要有：奖励闹事行为,违规操作,治标不治本,官本位,盲从倾向和追求短期局部利益等奖励问题,致使“PX”事件在全国不断发生．据此提出了奖励和管理对策。     

跨情境下集群行为的动因机制

群体性事件是当下我国典型的集群行为。本研究通过实验室情景设计的方法, 考察了跨情境下群体相对剥夺如何通过群体认同作用于集群行为, 及群体愤怒和群体效能对集群行为的影响。结果表明：1) 同一触发情境下, 群体认同调节群体相对剥夺－集群行为(意向)之间的关系。一般群体认同凸显的个体在高群体相对剥夺水平下有更强烈的集群行为参与(意向)。这源自群体认同对群体相对剥夺不同水平下群体效能与集群行为意向之间的二次调节。对于特定群体认同凸显的个体, 无论群体相对剥夺水平的高低, 都有较高的集群行为参与(意向)。这当中, 群体愤怒起到了部分中介的作用。2) 不同触发情境下, 群体认同对群体相对剥夺与集群行为意向的调节作用出现差异。该调节作用仅出现在利益无关情境中。此外, 群体愤怒与群体效能对集群行为意向的影响在不同情境下有区别：在利益无关情境中, 群体愤怒的影响显著大于群体效能; 在利益相关情境中, 群体效能与群体愤怒的影响无显著差异。本研究扩展了集群行为的双路径模型, 并为政府预防和化解群体性事件提供思路。     

不同类型社会排斥中归因诱导对攻击性的影响

为探讨归因诱导能否缓解不同类型社会排斥引发的攻击性,研究分别采用网络任务范式和网络投球范式启动拒绝和放逐,进行不同的归因诱导后用科研助理评分范式测量攻击性。结果发现,放逐引发的攻击性比拒绝高;归因诱导对拒绝引发的攻击性有显著影响,对被拒绝者进行内部归因诱导后其攻击性显著低于外部归因诱导组和无归因诱导组;归因诱导对放逐引发的攻击性无显著影响。研究表明归因诱导对拒绝型直接排斥引发的攻击性有缓解作用。     

心理定势发生机制的模型建构

心理定势作为个体的一种预备状态,是先前的活动倾向对后来活动的影响,前苏联格鲁吉亚学派围绕它建立了较为完备的传统心理定势理论。而该文则希冀超越传统社会心理学的视角,以信息加工的心理学视角,使用图式理论重新阐释心理定势现象发生的内在作用机制,尝试建构“定势现象的图式激活过程理论模型”。     

Identification Reduces Stigma of Mental Ill‐Health: A Community‐Based Study

The stigma surrounding mental ill‐health is an important issue that affects likelihood of diagnosis and uptake of services, as those affected may work to avoid exposure, judgment, or any perceived loss in status associated with their mental ill‐health. In this study, we drew upon social identity theory to examine how social group membership might influence the stigma surrounding mental ill‐health. Participants from two urban centers in Ireland (N = 626) completed a survey measuring stigma of mental health, perceived social support as well as identification with two different social groups (community and religion). Mediation analysis showed that subjective identification with religious and community groups led to greater perceived social support and consequently lower perceived stigma of mental ill‐health. Furthermore, findings indicated that high identification with more than one social group can lead to enhanced social resources, and that identification with a religious group was associated with greater community identification. This study thus extends the evidence base of group identification by demonstrating its relationship with stigma of mental ill‐health, while also reinforcing how multiple identities can interact to enhance social resources crucial for well‐being.     

Mother–Child Conversation and Children's Social Understanding During Middle Childhood

The authors investigated the relationship between mother–child conversation and children's social understanding during middle childhood. Thirty-eight mother–child pairs participated, including a younger group (5–7 years old) and an older group (8–10 years old). Children completed 2 measures of social understanding and mothers and children discussed 4 stories involving social dilemmas. Results indicated that compared to the younger group, the older group (a) performed better on both measures of social understanding and (b) produced more basic mental talk (i.e., talk about beliefs, emotions, personality traits, and desires), and more advanced mental talk (i.e., talk about contrasting perspectives, recursion and relationship between mental states, and advanced emotions). Mothers of older children also produced more basic and advanced mental talk. Mothers' advanced mental talk predicted both children's social understanding and children's advanced mental talk.     

A social host in the machine? The case of group attention

I argue that akin to mind-body dualism, social-mental dualism is open to critique. That is, mental processes can be inherently social, with sociality ‘baked into’ the architecture of the cognitive mechanism. As a case in point, I introduce the reader to the cognitive mechanism of group attention. In particular, I focus on the differences between group attention and ideomotor imitation in terms of their (a) compliance to the social-mental dichotomy, and (b) contributions to building common knowledge—a prerequisite for human communication and collective action. Finally, I suggest possible implications of group attention scholarship for other social memory phenomena such as social contagion, socially shared memory-induced forgetting, and the saying-is-believing effect.     

How does higher in‐group social value lead to positive mental health? An integrated model of in‐group identification and support

Previous research has indicated that the effects of in‐group social value on mental health are mediated by the extent to which individuals identify with their in‐group. Other research has shown that in‐group identification leads to positive mental health because it provides in‐group members with a psychological basis for social support. We examine how the individual's perception of the social value of the in‐group leads to positive mental health, integrating the effects of identification with and support from the in‐group. As predicted, the relationship between higher social value and decreased mental health (e.g. depression, perceived stressful events) is mediated by higher in‐group identification, which in turn leads the members to expect support from the in‐group but not the out‐group. An integrated model of the effects of perceived in‐group social value, identification, and support on mental health is proposed, and the implications are discussed.     

对抗偏见:作为偏见消减策略的社会行为

对抗偏见是偏见对象或旁观者对偏见持有者表示不满的社会行为,能够降低偏见持有者的偏见水平,并有助于形成反偏见的社会规范,是一种有效的偏见消减策略。对抗偏见领域的研究可分为对抗偏见效果研究与对抗偏见行为研究。前者主要采用材料型和实验型研究范式,关注对抗偏见的作用机制、具体效果及对抗偏见效果的影响因素;后者主要采用回顾型、实时记录型和前瞻型研究范式,关注对抗偏见行为的发生机制和影响因素。将来这一领域需注重研究范式的综合使用及生态效度的提高,以促进对抗偏见效果研究与对抗偏见行为研究的有机结合;并在对抗偏见的神经机制和有效策略方面进一步深入探索。     

Perceived Responder Legitimacy and Group Identification Predict Cooperation and Compliance in a Mass Decontamination Field Exercise

Emergency responders' failure to communicate effectively during decontamination following a chemical or biological incident has been associated with increased public anxiety and reduced public compliance. In this study we applied the social identity approach to evaluating a field exercise that involved mass decontamination. Questionnaires were collected from 115 volunteers, who participated in the exercise as simulated casualties. Volunteers' perceptions of effective responder communication predicted increased self-reported compliance with decontamination, mediated by perceived responder legitimacy and identification with other group members. Developing effective communication strategies using a social psychology perspective could improve the way in which incidents are managed.     

文化震荡及其对个体心理健康的影响

当前我国正在经历的急剧社会文化变迁对众多个体心理产生了强烈冲击,形成了文化震荡,并在不同程度上影响了其心理健康。研究表明,由于不同个体的经历和应付方式不同,其对文化震荡的承受能力也不同。因此,深入研究文化震荡的形成及其对不同个体的影响,充分挖掘各种文化有益于维护个体心理健康的宝贵遗产,建立个体心理健康防卫、救护机制和社会安定预警机制,是一项刻不容缓的紧迫任务。