社会支持与大学生抑郁的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

为考察社会支持、社交焦虑、一般自我效能感和抑郁之间的关系,采用社会支持评定量表、社交焦虑量表、一般自我效能感量表以及抑郁自评量表对640名大学生进行调查。研究显示:(1)社交焦虑在社会支持与大学生抑郁之间起部分中介作用;(2)一般自我效能感在社会支持—社交焦虑—抑郁这一中介过程中的后半路径起调节作用。     

团体辅导改善大学生人际关系及心理健康水平的实证研究

目的:探讨团体心理辅导对改善大学生人际关系及心理健康水平的有效性及可行性。方法:采用单因素重复测量设计自然实验,对16名有改善人际关系愿望的大学生进行为期2个月,共10次的团体心理辅导干预;使用人际关系综合诊断量表和症状自评量表前后施测,结合团体成员的反馈自评和表现进行质的分析。结果:被试人际关系综合诊断量表前后测有差异(t=2.55,p<0.05),症状自评量表总分有显著差异(t=3.12,p<0.01),其中抑郁、敌对因子有显著差异(抑郁因子t=2.95,敌对因子t=2.71),人际关系和偏执因子有差异(人际关系因子t=2.53,偏执因子t=2.57)。结论:人际交往团体辅导对改善大学生的人际关系,提高心理健康水平是有效的。     

压力对大学生抑郁的影响机制:领悟社会支持与应对方式的中介作用

基于心理应激理论、素质-压力三模式以及社会支持主效果模型考察领悟社会支持、积极应对方式和消极应对方式在压力与抑郁关系中的链式中介效应,使用压力量表、领悟社会支持量表、应对方式量表和抑郁量表对抽取的641名大学生进行调查。研究显示:(1)领悟社会支持中介了压力对大学生抑郁的影响;(2)积极应对方式、消极应对方式中介了领悟社会支持对大学生抑郁的影响。因此,领悟社会支持以及应对方式在压力与大学生抑郁之间起链式中介作用。     

团体心理咨询对提高大学生自信心的效果研究

本研究探讨了团体心理咨询在提高大学生自信心方面的作用。我们精心设计了团体心理咨询活动的过程,并在活动前后用五种量表对团体成员进行了测量。通过分析量表测量结果及其他定性研究方法,我们发现：（１）团体心理咨询可以有效地提高大学生的自信心。（２）团体心理咨询在发展性目标上也是有效的。本研究结果对今后的团体心理咨询研究及其应用具有一定的参考价值。     

自我厌恶与大学生同伴关系：抑郁和社会支持的链式中介作用

为考察自我厌恶对大学生同伴关系的影响机制以及抑郁和社会支持在其中的作用,采用中文版自我厌恶量表、同伴关系量表、抑郁自评量表和青少年社会支持评定量表对443名大学生进行调查。结果发现：(1)自我厌恶与大学生同伴关系呈显著负相关;(2)抑郁和社会支持在自我厌恶对大学生同伴关系的影响过程中起链式中介作用。结果表明,通过降低大学生的自我厌恶和抑郁水平,同时充分发挥社会支持的作用,有助于提升大学生的同伴关系。     

团体辅导对大学生心理健康和自尊的影响研究

目的:本研究旨在研究团体辅导对提高大学生心理健康和自尊水平的干预效果。方法:采取团体辅导的方法对大连理工大学的35名大学生进行干预,采用实验组与对照组前后测研究的实验设计,使用90项症状自评量表和罗森博格自尊量表进行测试,采用独立样本t检验,统计被试训练前后心理自评各项目、总分和自尊水平的得分差异。结果:团体辅导后,实验组被试的前后测差异显著,强迫和敌对水平明显降低,心理健康总体水平显著提高,自尊水平显著提高;对照组心理健康状态前后测没有显著差异。结论:团体辅导能够有效地改善大学生心理健康状况,提高大学生的自尊水平。     

团体心理训练对师范类大学生人际关系问题的干预研究

本研究总结了已往有关大学生人际关系与心理健康方面的研究成果,从大学生人际关系问题出发,探讨大学生人际关系的一般状况,并选取15名师范类大学生,采用团体心理训练这种形式对大学生人际关系进行干预研究。通过量表评估及对实验组和对照组成员进行对比分析。结论如下:(1)团体心理训练能通过提高师范类大学生人际交往能力和心理健康水平,改善其人际关系问题。(2)本研究所使用的团体心理训练活动方案对于改善师范类大学生人际关系是可行的、有效的。     

大学生焦虑和抑郁情况调查分析

焦虑和抑郁是大学生们普遍存在的心理问题。为了了解大学生的焦虑抑郁情绪状况。本研究采用焦虑自评量表和Beck抑郁自评量表对大学生进行问卷调查。结果发现大学生们焦虑水平较高,抑郁人数比例较高;同时也发现焦虑和抑郁二者间存在高度相关。大学生的心理健康教育任重而道远。     

抑郁对癌症患者生活质量的影响、社会支持、应对方式的相关性研究

了解抑郁对癌症患者生活质量的影响,探讨抑郁与社会支持、应对方式的相关性。对238例癌症患者分别用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、应付方式评定量表（YFFS）、社会支持问卷（ISSI）、生活质量问卷（QLQ-C30）进行测评。癌症抑郁组患者的生活质量、社会支持低于非抑郁组,更多使用自责、退避等消极应对方式;抑郁与癌症患者生活质量高度相关,抑郁与社会支持、应对方式显著相关。帮助患者提高社会支持,采用积极的应对方式,有利于减轻癌症抑郁反应,提高生活质量。     

剖宫产产后抑郁的发生与社会支持、应对方式及防御方式的相关性

了解剖宫产产后抑郁的发生与社会支持、应对方式及防御方式的相关性,对剖宫产患者进行抑郁状况的调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。对抑郁组与非抑郁组的一般情况构成比比较,并采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、应付方式评定量表（YFFS）、社会支持问卷（ISSI）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）进行测评。社会支持、应对方式及防御方式对产后抑郁的发生均产生一定作用。应付方式、社会支持及防御方式是影响剖宫产患者产后抑郁的重要因素。     

团体音乐辅导提高地震灾区初中生心理弹性的研究

目的：考查团体音乐辅导对提高地震灾区初中生心理弹性的效果。方法：选取心理弹性较低的地震灾区初中生22名,随机分入干预组和控制组,对干预组进行团体音乐辅导。结果：后测结果表明,与控制组相比,干预组被试的心理弹性及其相关因素指标均有显著改善;两个月后的回访结果显示,干预组被试得分与后测无显著差异,仍显著优于前测。结论：团体音乐辅导能够有效地提高地震灾区初中生的心理弹性水平,并具有一定的长效性。     

Self-blame, self-efficacy, and adjustment to abortion

The causal impact of attributions and coping self-efficacy on adjustment to abortion was examined. Two hundred and eighty-three women were randomly assigned prior to their abortion to 1 of 3 counseling interventions: 1 designed to alter attributions for unwanted pregnancy (ATT-INT), 1 designed to raise coping expectations (EXP-INT), or a control (standard counseling) group. Depression, mood, anticipated consequences, and physical complaints were assessed postabortion. Women in the ATT-INT or EXP-INT group were better adjusted immediately postabortion than women in the control group. The EXP-INT group was also less depressed than the ATT-INT group. Three individual difference factors were also related to better adjustment: high coping self-efficacy, low self-character blame, and low other-blame. Self-efficacy also predicted adjustment 3 weeks postabortion. Implications for theories of adjustment to major life events, therapeutic interventions to assist coping with such events, and public policy on abortion are discussed.     

Effectiveness of nursing counseling on coping and depression in women undergoing in vitro fertilization

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling provided by nurses on depression and coping strategies of infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (N=67). Of the 84 women who were interviewed, 30 were accepted as a comparison group, and 37 were included in the study group. The study group women were given counseling in addition to routine nursing care services, including group education and individual interviews about treatment and coping strategies. The nurses also provided support by accompanying the women during the invasive procedures. The Beck Depression Inventory and Jalowiec's Coping Strategies Form were used for measurements. All the women were using emotional coping and had moderate depression prior to the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the comparison and study groups before or after the counseling with respect to depression and coping strategies. Parameters to evaluate the efficacy of counseling are discussed.     

555例危险行为高危青少年的心理干预：来自个体辅导和团体辅导的效果对照

对有较高风险发展为危险行为青少年的高危群体实施有针对性的心理干预是非常有价值的。本研究对青少年危险行为高危人群进行结构化的个体与团体心理干预,评估两种干预的即时效果和六个月的预后情况。采用《青少年健康相关危险行为问卷》等量表对16所中职院校的学生进行筛查,共555名学生参加本研究,被随机分为个体、团体和对照组并分别进行干预。结果发现：干预后,个体心理干预组被试的危险行为水平、心理健康以及抑郁和焦虑情绪均获得显著改善,并且6个月的预后效果依然明显,而接受团体辅导干预组仅在抑郁指标上有所改善,在危险行为评分、焦虑和心理健康水平上均没有明显的改善。研究认为,对危险行为易感青少年的心理干预应以经过良好设计的个体心理干预为主、团体干预为辅的方式进行。     

African and African American Graduate Students' Racial Identity and Personal Problem-Solving Strategies

This study examined differences on the Racial Identity Attitude Scale (RIAS; Helms & Parham, 1985) and the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI; Heppner, 1981, 1988) among 34 African and 48 African American graduate students. Significant differences were found on the preencounter and internalization scales of the RIAS. There were no group differences in coping ability as measured by the PSI. In addition, the African group experienced an acculturation effect as time in the United States was extended beyond 3 years. These differences in racial identity states have implications for cross-cultural counseling.     

Mediating Effects of Perceived Personal Control in Coping With a Health Threat: The Case of Genetic Counseling1

The potential impact of perceived personal control on coping with a medical threat was investigated in genetic counseling, a clinical setting where issues of personal control are central. Data were collected from 72 counselees at a genetic clinic before, immediately after, and 1 month after initiating genetic counseling. Findings supported the hypothesized mediating model. Higher perceived control (cognitive-interpretive and decisional) and satisfaction with genetic counseling mediated between genetic counseling and the use of less emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused coping was predicted only directly by counselees' knowledge of their problem after genetic counseling. Changes in emotion-focused coping were related to perceived increases in positive affect 1 month later, while changes in use of problem-focused coping were related to perceived decreases in both positive and negative affect.     

Perceived career barriers and coping among youth in Israel: Ethnic and gender differences

This study investigated gender and ethnic differences in the perception of different types of career barriers among young adults in relation to their views of themselves as individuals (Personal Career Barriers) and their views of their gender and ethnic group (Group Career Barriers). This study also explored gender and ethnic differences in the sense of efficacy in coping with career barriers. The participants were 406 university students: 156 Israeli-born Jews, 133 Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union and 117 Arab-Israelis. The results indicated that their perceptions of the different types of career barriers and their sense of coping efficacy differ according to gender and ethnic group and that there are also joint effects of gender and ethnicity. The results showed that participants rated group barriers higher than personal career barriers. However, the discrepancies were different in each of the three ethnic groups. Perceived career barriers were negatively associated with the sense of coping efficacy and positively associated with non-productive coping strategies. The implications for future research and counseling for minority groups are discussed.     

Psychological reactions in Icelandic earthquake survivors

The aim of this study was to explore the psychological consequences of two earthquakes in Iceland in two probability samples of subjects--residents in the exposed area and a control group from an unexposed area. The sample was composed of 52 adults exposed to the earthquakes and 29 adults in a control group. Three months after the earthquakes, both groups were approached with questions from a survey consisting of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC), the Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ), the World Assumption Scale (WAS), and the Crisis Support Scale (CSS). The results revealed that 24% in the exposed group had Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and none in the control group had PTSD. Earthquake-related anxiety, inability to express one's thoughts and feelings, and emotional coping predicted 81% of the HTQ variance for both groups. Previous life events, low self-worth, and luck attributions, together with numbing and the feeling of being let down, predicted 56% of the symptom variance for both groups. When degree of traumatization and emotional coping were added to the model, another 30% of the variance could be explained.     

The Adolescent Religious Coping Scale: Development,Validation, and Cross-Validation

Research literature on adolescent coping is growing, but typically such studies have ignored religious coping strategies and their potential impact on functioning. To address this lack, we developed the Adolescent Religious Coping Scale and used its seven subscales to examine the relationship between religious coping and emotional functioning. A cross-sectional research design was used with both a validation sample of Christian school students (Sample 1, N = 500, ages 12–19) and a cross-validation sample of Christian youth group attenders (Sample 2, N = 62, ages 11–18). Emotional functioning was assessed positively (life satisfaction) and negatively (hopelessness). Factor analyses supported factorial validity, and alpha levels supported reliability of the seven religious coping subscales (Positive God-Focused Coping, Seeking Religious Support, Constructive Distraction, Questioning, Avoidance, Denial, and Deferring). For both samples, religious coping was significantly related (unique variance) to religious support, parental support, and emotional functioning, respectively. In general, positive religious coping strategies were related to more support and better functioning, whereas the reverse was true for negative religious coping strategies. Moreover, many of these results were maintained even after controlling for variance due to age, gender, and religious attendance. As such, clinicians working with religious adolescents should consider encouraging these teens to optimize use of positive religious coping strategies and minimize reliance on negative ones as part of a holistic approach to handling stress. Religious coping findings are discussed regarding their comparison to general adolescent coping and with respect to future research directions.     

The Influence of Cancer-related Distress and Sense of Coherence on Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Hereditary Cancer

This study examines the association between Sense of Coherence and anxiety and depression amongst patients at risk of hereditary cancer receiving genetic counseling. When writing this article, 144 patients referred for genetic counseling due to a suspicion of hereditary cancer in the family were recruited for this multicentered longitudinal study on the psychosocial aspects of genetic counseling in Norway. A total of 96 (66%) patients responded to the follow-up survey distributed 6 months after genetic counseling. This survey included the Sense of Coherence-29 Scale, Impact of Event Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Multiple regression analyses were applied. Our results show association between cancer-related distress and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Sense of Coherence is significantly associated with both anxiety and depression. The hypothesis of Sense of Coherence buffering cancer-related distress and the possible impact of these findings for genetic counseling are discussed.