组织文化预览对企业并购绩效的影响

在Weber和Camerer实验范式的基础上,基于真实并购预览概念提出了组织文化并购预览,通过实验室模拟研究探索了组织文化预览对并购后绩效的影响。结果表明:(1)组织文化预览对提高并购后组织绩效有积极作用,其中双向组织文化预览对改善并购后的整体绩效以及主、并双方各自的绩效都有显著的积极作用,而单向组织文化预览未显示出显著的积极影响;(2)组织文化预览可能主要起效于并购后初期,在并购后短期内对整合组织文化有积极促进作用,利于并购后的快速整合。实验结果为组织文化预览在企业并购整合中的应用提供了理论依据和实证支持。     

吸收能力、竞争优势与中国企业的跨国并购

为达成竞争优势,中国公司正日趋通过跨国并购获取知识或战略资产.但是,资源驱动型跨国并购战略的绩效研究却相对缺乏.本文将通过提出一个基本问题填补这一研究空白:中国企业能够有效地获取知识或战略资产吗?基于吸收能力的文献,本文提出了一个理论模型,即企业的吸收能力如何影响其识别、整合和应用知识以增强竞争优势的能力.在这一理论框架下,本文比较性地考察了中国两起颇具影响力的跨国并购案例.研究结果表明,中国企业可以运用跨国并购这一手段获取战略资产,但实际结果取决于中国收购企业多方面的吸收能力；据此,本文提出了对其他新兴市场经济体企业的战略启示.     

组织文化的变革及其领导策略

组织环境的剧变与企业战略的调整使得组织文化的变革成为人们日益关注的问题。领导在组织文化变革过程中具有重要的作用与地位。组织文化变革受替代框架的可行性、成员对于当前框架的承诺水平以及框架的流动性的影响。针对组织变革的过程与影响因素,文章提出了组织文化变革的领导机制与策略。     

魅力型领导与下属工作投入：双维认同构念的中介机制

本研究旨在探讨组织认同和领导认同在魅力型领导对下属工作投入的影响过程中的中介机制。全文以魅力型领导和认同感理论为基础,以来自国内多家企业的252名员工为样本进行数据分析,结果发现下属的组织认同和领导认同作为认同感的双维构念在魅力型领导对下属工作投入的影响过程中具有中介作用。其中,组织认同在此过程中具有部分中介作用,而领导认同则发挥完全中介作用,而且组织认同和领导认同在此过程中同时存在,互不排斥。     

企业并购的伦理审视

企业并购中的伦理问题,是当前我国经济结构调整、建立现代企业制度的一个重要理论问题和实践问题。企业的社会责任不仅仅要体现在企业的日常经营行为中,而且也应体现在企业并购的战略行为选择之中。在企业并购活动中,坚持社会主义义利观的指导,坚持动机与效果的统一、社会效益和经济效益的统一、公平和效益的统一,是十分必要的。     

CEO领导风格、TMT行为整合与企业创新绩效

文章在文献梳理的基础上,以CEO领导风格、TMT行为整合和企业创新绩效理论为依据提出研究假设,构建结构方程模型,利用有效样本数据展开实证分析,探究CEO领导风格、TMT行为整合与企业创新绩效的关系。研究结果表明,CEO放任型领导风格对企业技术创新绩效具有显著负向影响,CEO交易型领导风格和CEO变革型领导风格对企业创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;TMT行为整合对企业创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;CEO放任型领导风格对TMT行为整合中的决策参与和团队合作具有显著负向影响,CEO交易型领导风格和CEO变革型领导风格对TMT行为整合具有显著的正向影响。此外,TMT行为整合在CEO领导风格与企业创新绩效间具有部分中介作用。     

自我牺牲型领导对下属工作绩效的影响机制——战略定向与领导认同的中介作用

本研究采用领导—下属配对问卷调查方法,从认知观与关系观视角检验自我牺牲型领导影响下属任务绩效与组织公民行为的中介机制,具体包括战略定向与领导认同的中介作用。结果表明,自我牺牲型领导与下属的任务绩效与组织公民行为正向关系显著;战略定向在自我牺牲型领导与下属的任务绩效以及自我牺牲型领导与下属的组织公民行为中起着部分中介作用;领导认同在自我牺牲型领导与下属的任务绩效之间起着完全中介作用;而领导认同在自我牺牲型领导与下属的组织公民行为间起着部分中介作用。     

“揭开黑箱”——变革型领导中介变量的研究现状与展望

变革型领导作用机制的研究目前是国内外学者关注的一个热点.大家比较一致的结论是心理授权在变革型领导行为与领导有效性之间起到中介作用,其中,心理授权中工作意义和自我效能两个维度起主要作用.学者们还发现信任和组织公平在变革型领导与员工工作绩效之间能起到显著的中介作用;另外,领导一成员交换关系和工作特征等作为变革型领导行为过程中的中介变量也得到验证.在未来,基于目标设置的变革型领导作用机制的构思将为今后研究提供一条新思路.     

非营利组织领导职位晋升过程中的风格演变——基于Y基金会L领导的跟踪观察研究

非营利组织领导者的领导风格处于不断变化之中。既有研究已经识别出组织生命周期、下属成熟度等因素对于领导风格的影响，但领导职位晋升与领导风格变化的作用机制却往往被忽视。本文采用个案研究方法，选取一位在国内有着多年非营利组织从业经验的领导者作为长期观察对象，探究其在职位晋升过程中的领导风格演变规律。研究发现：随着非营利组织领导者的职位沿着运营层、管理层和决策层的路线晋升，组织情景相应地发生变化，继而领导者的领导风格也会随之改变。在运营层，领导者主要表现出务实型的领导风格；随着职位的晋升，务实型领导行为会逐渐减弱，变革型和分布式领导行为逐渐加强。变革型领导成为其在担任管理层和决策层领导时所呈现的主要领导风格。在不同的领导职位阶段中，真诚型领导则总体呈现出相对稳定的变化态势。     

全球整合与本土响应范式对中国跨国公司的启示:未来的一个研究领域

基于现有文献的回顾,本文先后考察了全球整合与本土响应范式及其对跨国公司国际业务战略的影响、跨国公司国际业务战略形成过程中的关键性决定因素、关于全球整合与本土响应范式对来自诸如中国之类转型经济体跨国公司的战略意义的研究空白.首先,本文全面回顾了发达国家关于全球整合与本土响应范式的相关研究；然后,总结了三种国际业务战略的决定因素.据此,本文鉴别了国际管理领域中未来的一个研究领域,即新兴经济体的跨国公司在开拓并实施国际业务战略时如何协调全球整合与本土响应.     

Social Identity and Corporate Mergers

Corporate mergers require proper human resources management to reach their financial and strategic objectives and minimize negative consequences for employee well‐being. Understanding the antecedents of employees’ identification with the merged organization during the corporate merger is crucial, because stronger post‐merger identification results in less conflict and higher levels of motivation. Unfortunately, employees often identify more strongly with their pre‐merger organizations than with the merged organization. One influential approach to understanding the processes underlying organizational identification is the social identity approach ( Tajfel & Turner, 1986 ; Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987 ). Research applying this perspective to organizational mergers shows that levels of identification with the merged organization are partly explained by status and dominance differences of the involved organizations, by motivational threats and uncertainties during the merger, and by the representation of the post‐merger identity. Leaders and managers of corporate mergers are able to influence these processes and, thus, to provide a path for successful merger integration.     

high anxiety: counseling the job‐insecure client

In today's workplace, employees are faced with the potential of corporate downsizing, mergers and acquisitions, and job restructuring and relocation. These trends create a sense of job insecurity for the individual. Job insecurity affects the individual's life in a variety of ways, including emotional and psychological consequences, marital and family consequences, and organizational consequences. This article presents an overview of the effects of job insecurity and strategies that counselors can use in working with the job‐insecure client.     

Are mergers always stressful? Some evidence from the higher education sector

The disappointing outcomes of many mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have been increasingly attributed to the neglect and mismanagement of human aspects of the activity and the stressful and dysfunctional impact that such change events have on the employees involved (Cartwright & Cooper, 1996 Cartwright, S. and Cooper, C. L. 1996. Managing mergers, acquisitions and strategic alliances: Integrating people and cultures, Oxford, , UK: Butterworth Heinemann.  [Google Scholar]). M&As in the Higher Education sector are less common than corporate M&As and have received rather less attention. This study considers the experiences of employees involved in the merger of two UK universities. It highlights the stressful potential of the premerger period and the positive role of consultation and involvement.     

Merge Ahead: A Research Agenda to Increase Merger and Acquisition Success

Scholars have been conducting serious research on the human, organizational, and cultural aspects of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) for 30 years. Yet, over this period, there have only been modest improvements in the M&A success rate. In this article, we examine corporate combinations, describe how human factors contribute to their failure or success, and identify key research questions whose answers can help to improve the M&A success rate in both financial and human terms. We propose research questions for the key phases of a deal, including buying a company and putting companies together. And, reflecting an emerging trend among some frequent acquirers to build an internal competence in M&A execution, we also propose research questions for how to accelerate the process of learning from past combinations to better manage future ones.     

A policy‐modeling approach to examining fairness judgments in organizational acquisitions

Organizational acquisitions may be characterized by the degree of friendliness or hostility as well as the degree of autonomy or absorption of the organizations following the merger. This study examined judgments of fairness across four types of organizational acquisitions. Students read fictitious newspaper accounts of a university acquisition and rated their expectations and perceptions of fairness about possible changes. Results indicated that in an acquisition, both the procedures used and the outcomes provided influenced how fair the acquisition was perceived. As predicted, the relative importance of procedures and outcomes in overall perceptions of fairness shifted depending on the context of the acquisition. As the desirability of the acquisition increased, individuals placed greater importance on the procedural elements. In a friendly and low integration acquisition, the processes and outcomes became equally important. Individuals faced with a high integration acquisition expected more unfair changes and fewer fair changes to occur. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance expectations play in perceptions of fairness. The type of acquisition will influence expectations for fair treatment. Under less desirable conditions (hostile and high‐integration mergers), organizations should take steps early in the process to manage fairness perceptions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Time congruity in the organization: A proposed quality-of-life framework

The present paper examines the importance of matching thetime styles of individuals with thetime styles established by organizations. The authors introduce the notion oftime congruity to represent such a matching process. While time use has been studied in both organizational and individual contexts, lesser attention has been given to such multi-level analysis. When the individual's self time preferences are matched to the time use methods of the organization, a fit is thought to exist, potentially leading to satisfactory performance and enhancement of quality of work and general life. A framework is proposed for identifying and exploring such congruity, leading to several research propositions. Managerial implications are developed for human resource issues and business combinations, such as joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions.     

The intergroup sensitivity effect in mergers and acquisitions: Testing the role of merger motives

Research has shown that people are more defensive to criticism when it stems from an outgroup member, compared to an ingroup member (the intergroup sensitivity effect: ISE). We conducted two online vignette experiments to examine the ISE in the context of an organizational merger and the role of merger motives for the ISE. We predicted that the ISE would also emerge in mergers and acquisitions (M&As), but people would respond less negatively to criticism from the outgroup when the motive for the merger is described as achieving synergies rather than growth. In Experiment 1 (N = 452), which did not mention any motives behind the acquisition, a significant ISE emerged. Experiment 2 (N = 587) again showed an ISE regardless of the merger motive. In both experiments, the ISE was mediated by perceptions of the outgroup criticism as less legitimate and constructive. Overall, this research points to the intergroup sensitivity effect as a relevant phenomenon during post-merger integration.     

心理资本对企业员工职业成功的影响：职业承诺的中介效应

采用问卷调查法,以265名企业员工为调查对象,在控制被试的人力资本及人口统计学变量之后,使用结构方程模型分析员工心理资本与职业承诺、职业成功的关系。结果发现：（1）心理资本对员工的职业承诺、职业成功有显著地预测作用;（2）职业承诺在心理资本与员工客观职业成功之间起部分中介作用;（3）职业承诺在心理资本与员工主观职业成功之间起完全中介作用。     

Employee identification before and after an internal merger: A longitudinal analysis

Earlier studies have shown that perceived external prestige (PEP) and communication climate influence employees' overall organizational identification. This paper presents the results of a longitudinal study into the determinants of organizational identification at two organizational levels during an internal merger. Data were collected in a university where four divisions merged into two new divisions. Respondents filled out a questionnaire on organizational identification, PEP and communication climate 4 months before the merger (T1) and 2 years after the merger (T2). Results indicate that pre‐merger identification primarily influences post‐merger identification at the same organizational level. Furthermore, the determinants of employees' overall organizational identification differ from the determinants of employees' division identification. Internal communication climate is particularly important for employees' identification with their division. PEP affects employees' identification with the overall organization. Management implications are discussed for monitoring employee identification both in times of (internal) mergers and in general.     

赢者诅咒：心理机制、影响因素及应对策略

赢者诅咒是指在拍卖情境中, 竞价者为了获得拍卖品会过高估计其价值, 竞价成功以后当他发现其价值和自己之前的期望不一致时所产生的一种“诅咒”心理。赢者诅咒现象普遍存在于企业的资产拍卖、兼并重组、博彩游戏、投资决策等领域。损失规避和过度自信理论是赢者诅咒的主要心理机制, 而其影响因素主要有竞拍商品价值的不确定性、竞价人数、信息因素和竞价经验等。赢者诅咒的应对策略主要包括联合竞标、信息共享和学习。未来对赢者诅咒的研究需要进一步探讨赢者诅咒的心理机制、研究范式及本土化等问题。