Structural heterogeneity in a binary Pd–Si metallic glass

A Pd₈₁Si₁₉ bulk metallic glassy rod with a diameter of 4.5 mm was produced by water quenching the fluxed alloy. Despite a negative heat of mixing between Pd and Si elements and very simple components constituting the binary Pd–Si glass-forming system, structural heterogeneity was induced either by slow cooling of a liquid or sub-T_g annealing of glassy ribbons. The sub-T_g annealing experiments evidenced that a more ordered amorphous phase emerged from the original glassy matrix. Our work provides an alternative way to tune the microstructure of metallic glasses by subsequent thermal treatment on an as-prepared single glassy phase.     

Microstructural features of phase transformation in a binary Pd–Si metallic glass

Glassy ribbons of Pd–Si alloys were prepared by a combination of melt spinning and flux treatment. The crystallization behaviour of a Pd₈₁Si₁₉ glassy alloy was studied through isothermal annealing at temperatures ranging lower than the glass-transition temperature T _g to around the onset of crystallization. The evolution of microstructures arising from isothermal annealing was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy ((HR)TEM). XRD spectra showed that, after the sample was annealed at a sub-T _g temperature, its first diffraction peak was split into two overlapping broad peaks. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a spherical, particle-like glassy phase embedded in the glassy matrix together with a finely connected network morphology within both. Combining these observations with compositional analysis suggested that phase separation had taken place during sub-T _g annealing. When the glassy alloy was annealed at temperatures higher than T _g, nanocrystalline structures, composed of Pd₃Si and Pd phases plus a Pd₉Si₂ phase with a lamellar structure, was formed.     

0的断想

0是知足者的保护圈,进取者的腾飞点.0是负数的结束,也是正数的开始.0是一畦空地,能长出绿油油的庄稼,也能长出无用的杂草.0是一只空瓶,等待你用勤劳的双手去斟满醇香的美酒.     

Dislocations in indented Ga0·7 Al0·3As

Abstract

Transmission electron microscope observations have been made of dislocations in Ga_0·7Al_0·3As after indentation of (001) surfaces at room temperature. Using two-beam imaging, in bright-field and weak-beam imaging, dissociated dislocations with extended stacking faults were observed both in the [110] and [110] directions. This is different from GaAs in which dissociated dislocations are seen in only one of these directions. These results are compared with published work on indented GaAs and considered in the light of possible mechanisms.     

Classifying ℵ0-categorical theories

Among the complete ₀-categorical theories with finite non-logical vocabularies, we distinguish three classes. The classification is obtained by looking at the number of bound variables needed to isolated complete types. In classI theories, all types are isolated by quantifier free formulas; in classII theories, there is a leastm, greater than zero, s.t. all types are isolated by formulas in no more thanm bound variables: and in classIII theories, for eachm there is a type which cannot be isolated inm or fewer bound variables. ClassII theories are further subclassified according to whether or not they can be extended to classI theories by the addition of finitely many new predicates. Alternative characterizations are given in terms of quantifier elimination and homogeneous models. It is shown that for each primep, the theory of infinite Abelian groups all of whose elements are of orderp is classI when formulated in functional constants, and classIII when formulated in relational constants.     

“0”的随想

“0”是一只空杯,等待你用创造的双手去斟满生活的美酒。但埘于那些意志消沉,好逸恶劳者,“0”又是一个绝望的陷阱,是他们滴滴悔恨的泪珠。     

“0”之趣话

一个离群的“0”对始终站在队伍里的“0”讥讽道:“老兄,你怎么老是跟在别人的屁股后面转来转去呢?不觉得有点掉价吗?”站在队伍里的“0”,谦逊地回答:“老弟,我只有站在这里, 才有存在的价值,一日离开数字     

∑ 0 n -equivalence relations

In this paper we study the reducibility order _m (defined in a natural way) over _n ⁰ -equivalence relations. In particular, for every n> 0 we exhibit _n ⁰ -equivalence relations which are complete with respect to _m and investigate some consequences of this fact (see Introduction).     

0．01秒的生死时速

有一则寓言：狐狸和刺猬住在相距不远的地方。狐狸不但狡猾，而且反应灵敏、行动迅速，哪里有什么好事也落不下它，抢尽了风光；刺猬就不行了，它又蠢又笨，不但走起路来慢慢腾腾，而且稍有风吹草动，它就像个与世无争的胆小鬼，马上把身体蜷缩起来“装死”。     

When is a Schema Not a Schema? On a Remark by Suszko

Studia Logica - A 1971 paper by Roman Suszko, ‘Identity Connective and Modality’, claimed that a certain identity-free schema expressed the condition that there are at most two objects...     

Influence of twist boundary on deformation behaviour of 〈1 0 0〉 BCC Fe nanowires

Molecular dynamics simulations revealed significant difference in deformation behaviour of 〈1?0?0〉 BCC Fe nanowires with and without twist boundary. The plastic deformation in perfect 〈1?0?0〉 BCC Fe nanowire was dominated by twinning and reorientation to 〈1?1?0〉 followed by further deformation by slip mode. On the contrary, 〈1?0?0〉 BCC Fe nanowire with a twist boundary deformed by slip at low plastic strains followed by twinning at high strains and absence of full reorientation. The results suggest that the deformation in 〈1?0?0〉 BCC Fe nanowire by dislocation slip is preferred over twinning in the presence of initial dislocations or dislocation networks. The results also explain the absence of extensive twinning in bulk materials, which inherently contains large number of dislocations.     

Is Xunzi a utilitarian? Revisiting a disagreement

ABSTRACT

In Chinese scholarship, Xunzi is often regarded as an eclectic Confucian master who accepted some form of utilitarian thoughts (e.g. Fung Yu-lan, Mou Zongsan and Xu Fuguan). This characteristic was also observed by some western scholars such as Benjamin I. Schwartz. In a recent study, I argued that the basic character of Xunzi’s philosophy is utilitarianism in a broad sense based on an examination on his intellectual criticism and political criticism. Xunzi asserts that humans are innately driven by self-interested desires, and he evaluates all intellectual works and political behaviours by their utility. However, he does not limit utility to only basic animal desires such as food and sex. In Xunzi’s view, humans also have innate emotions; hence, these emotions should also be accounted for in their utility. This is similar to John Stuart Mill’s redefinition of Bentham’s concept of utility. Are Xunzi’s and Mill’s concepts of utility exactly the same? This question has yet to be examined. This article is a comparative study between utilitarianism and Xunzi’s philosophy which especially explores the compatibility of these two philosophies.     

Should a Naturalist Be a Supervenient Physicalist?

I clarify a widely accepted form of contemporary naturalism and argue that supervenient physicalism should not be considered an option for those who embrace this version of naturalism. Among other things, my thesis implies that if there are insuperable difficulties for strict physicalism, then the move toward supervenience views of the mind/body problem amounts to an abandonment of this version of naturalism and not a minor adjustment of it. More precisely, my argument is this: strict physicalism excludes both substance and property or event dualism. But the supervenience thesis entails some form of property or event dualism. So strict physicalism excludes the supervenience thesis. Moreover, given the nature of a widely accepted contemporary understanding of naturalism, it is best construed along strict physicalist lines and naturalists of this persuasion should not be supervenient physicalists. To make my case, I offer a characterization of a ubiquitous version of contemporary naturalism followed by an analysis of the most plausible version of supervenient physicalism consistent with this form of naturalism. I then try to show why this version of supervenient physicalism should not be an option for a naturalist of a certain persuasion.     

What is a family? a contemporary view

In the light of two cases that held the attention of the United States in mid-1993, family therapists as well as other professionals need to consider- or re-consider-what it is that constitutes a family. Is the family based on biological ties? On psychological bonds? On legal definitions? When a conflict arises as to the family with which a child should reside, what factors need to be considered? Contested adoption cases are rare but not unique; the legal “divorce” from biological parents in favor of psychological ties is a much newer phenomenon. These cases are central to the discussion of this contemporary view of what constitutes a family.     

Self-analysis: a fool for a patient?

In this paper I first reviewed the scanty publications on the subject of self-analysis. Although it was recommended by Freud as early as 1910 for every analyst, self-analysis turns out to have many pitfalls and to be quite a complicated and controversial procedure. There is no agreement on the proper technique of self-analysis in the literature, nor is there any discussion of the determinants of the particular choice of technique of self-analysis that is employed, nor even of the reasons why some analysts do not engage in it at all. Using clinical data gathered from written material of many years of self-analysis following the termination of a successful training psychoanalysis, I have attempted to elucidate some of the problems posed by this procedure. These problems are in some ways similar to formal psychoanalysis, but are in some ways contingent on the fact that it is basically a different technique. It is a solitary occupation and therefore suffers from the dangers of disintegration into autism, narcissism, and obsessional rumination. There is no living presence of an analyst to serve either as a transference figure or to make interpretations and stimulate the production of material. The identification with the analyst's analyzing function is far from simple in self-analysis because of the complex nature of the various internalizations of the analyst that take place over years of a formal training analysis. Thus, Ticho (1967) is correct when she claimed that self-analysis is a skill that the analysand has to acquire by himself or herself. An important phase of the beginning of self-analysis involves the working through of the separation from the psychoanalyst and the re-evaluation of the analyst and the analytic process. This results in a heightened sense of independence and autonomy, increased cohesion of the self, and maturation--which is manifested by greater autonomous ego functioning, a more mature sense of identity, and continued transformations of narcissism which highly valuable goals, on the basis of the data I have presented, can be approached through the process of self-analysis. Above all this stands the most important goal of self-analysis, the understanding of one's countertransference reactions. This is especially important in the treatment of seriously disturbed patients who become disruptive, and thus get labeled borderline, often as a response to unconscious countertransference manifestations from the analyst which are then experienced in the self-object transference as failures in empathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Can a Robot Be a Good Colleague?

Science and Engineering Ethics - This paper discusses the robotization of the workplace, and particularly the question of whether robots can be good colleagues. This might appear to be a strange...