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Leone Vivante 《The Southern journal of philosophy》1966,4(4):266-273
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General Ontological Language (GOL) is a formal framework for representing and building ontologies. The purpose of GOL is to provide a system of top-level ontologies which can be used as a basis for building domain-specific ontologies. The present paper gives an overview about the basic categories of the GOL-ontology. GOL is part of the work of the research group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med) at the University of Leipzig which is based on the collaborative work of the Institute of Medical Informatics (IMISE) and the Institute for Computer Science (IfI). It represents work in progress toward a proposal for an integrated family of top-level ontologies and will be applied to several fields of medicine, in particular to the field of Clinical Trials. 相似文献
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Matthew MacKenzie 《当代佛教》2013,14(2):197-207
Between the years 1956 and 1962 the scholar-monk Nyanaponika Thera and the first Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion have exchanged eight long letters. These letters—published here for the first time—expose the extent of Ben-Gurion's interest in Buddhism and reveal the Buddhist rhetoric used by one of Sri Lanka's most influential scholars. This rhetoric, which was generally well received by Ben-Gurion, was an exemplar of ‘Protestant Buddhism’. It is suggested that Ben-Gurion could relate to this image of Buddhism because it reflected his own vision of Judaism that had ‘protestant’ characteristics. The letters contain autobiographical notes, unpublished comments on the Buddhist concepts of Suffering and Rebirth, and a curious plan to invite Nyanaponika to Israel. 相似文献
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《Philosophical Papers》2012,41(2):157-170
Abstract A scientific theory is successful, according to Stanford (2000), because it is suficiently observationally similar to its corresponding true theory. The Ptolemaic theory, for example, is successful because it is sufficiently similar to the Copernican theory at the observational level. The suggestion meets the scientific realists' request to explain the success of science without committing to the (approximate) truth of successful scientific theories. I argue that Stanford's proposal has a conceptual flaw. A conceptually sound explanation, I claim, respects the ontological order between properties. A dependent property is to be explained in terms of its underlying property, not the other way around. The applicability of this point goes well beyond the realm of the debate between scientific realists and antirealists. Any philosophers should keep the point in mind when they attempt to give an explanation of a property in their field whatever it may be. 相似文献
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Ontological individualism reconsidered 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brian Epstein 《Synthese》2009,166(1):187-213
The thesis of methodological individualism in social science is commonly divided into two different claims—explanatory individualism
and ontological individualism. Ontological individualism is the thesis that facts about individuals exhaustively determine
social facts. Initially taken to be a claim about the identity of groups with sets of individuals or their properties, ontological
individualism has more recently been understood as a global supervenience claim. While explanatory individualism has remained
controversial, ontological individualism thus understood is almost universally accepted. In this paper I argue that ontological
individualism is false. Only if the thesis is weakened to the point that it is equivalent to physicalism can it be true, but
then it fails to be a thesis about the determination of social facts by facts about individual persons. Even when individualistic
facts are expanded to include people’s local environments and practices, I shall argue, those still underdetermine the social
facts that obtain. If true, this has implications for explanation as well as ontology. I first consider arguments against
the local supervenience of social facts on facts about individuals, correcting some flaws in existing arguments and affirming
that local supervenience fails for a broad set of social properties. I subsequently apply a similar approach to defeat a particularly
weak form of global supervenience, and consider potential responses. Finally, I explore why it is that people have taken ontological
individualism to be true. 相似文献
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Jason Turner 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2012,41(2):419-448
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Michael Esfeld 《Metaphilosophy》1999,30(4):319-337
The claim of this paper is that we should envisage physicalism as an ontological holism. Our current basic physics, quantum theory, suggests that, ontologically speaking, we have to assume one global quantum state of the world; many of the properties that are often taken to be intrinsic properties of physical systems are in fact relations, which are determined by that global quantum state. The paper elaborates on this conception of physicalism as an ontological holism and considers issues such as supervenience, realization of higher-order properties by basic physical properties, and reduction. 相似文献
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Tyron Goldschmidt 《Ratio》2021,34(1):5-6
Possibilities are so much easier to swallow. So transform those left‐over cosmological arguments into scrumptious new ontological arguments. 相似文献
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Holger Andreas 《Axiomathes》2008,18(3):379-394
The concept of measurement is fundamental to a whole range of different disciplines, including not only the natural and engineering
sciences, but also laboratory medicine and certain branches of the social sciences. This being the case, the concept of measurement
has a particular relevance to the development of top-level ontologies in the area of knowledge engineering. For this reason,
the present paper is concerned with ontological aspects of measurement. We are searching for a list of concepts that are apt
to characterize measurement methods in a general manner. To establish such means of characterization, we will primarily deal
with the semantics of measurement values.
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Holger AndreasEmail: |
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