儒家对《易》的经典化

郭店楚简、上博楚简、马王堆帛书等出土资料的发现推翻了今本<易>成书于战国中期以后、<易>在焚书之后的秦汉之际以至汉代才成为儒家经典等说法.关于<易>之经典化的问题,要把它当作"孔子圣人化"的儒教形成运动之一环来考虑.儒家将<易>视为经典的原因是<易>的性质方便赋予孔子为王之资格,<易>被视作经典的开始时间最有可能是在春秋末战国初,即西元前400年左右.帛书<易传>展现了儒家将作为先王之书的经典与孔子两者之间联系起来,并以此为手段,展开为了伪装孔子具有圣人资格的儒教运动.然而这一运动在儒家内部有若干不同流派,将其与<易>结合或将其与六经全部结合也只是其中之某一派别.     

哲学·礼学·诗学--谈《性情论》与《孔子诗论》的学术联系

上博简<孔子诗论>是一部具有丰富哲学和礼学内容的<诗>学著作,作者一方面以子思学派的性情学说论<诗>,大力张扬诗歌的性情,继承并发展了<尚书·尧典>的"诗言志"思想,以性情作为诗歌"言志"的内涵,使儒家诗歌理论建立在心性哲学基础之上;另一方面又主张用礼义学说对诗歌情感进行约束和规范,表明了儒家对待情感问题的原则立场,初步呈现出"发乎情,止乎礼义"的理论倾向.中国儒家关于诗歌抒情的理论框架在此已经隐然成型.     

"一言以蔽之"与经典解释--孔子论诗考(一)

孔子从思想家的角度,在教育弟子的过程中对诗的意义阐幽发微,而不仅仅是删定"诗三百".随着上博简<诗论>等战国佚籍的公布,这一现象更加引起了学界瞩目.本文认为孔子及其弟子重视诗之中的"思",他对诗的总体把握和对于具体诗篇评论,都采取"一言以蔽之"的手法,简练而精当.孔子对于诗的理解、解释、评论是"诗三百"成为经典的重要原因,同时,论诗和教诗也是孔子思想的重要源头.文中还对孔子"思无邪"、"诗无隐志"、"<关雎>之改"、"<燕燕>以其独"、"<鸤鸠>吾信之"等论断作了新的分析,进而强调"述而不作"的重要性.     

齐国《韶》乐探究

自从孔子在齐闻<韶>之后,他那深切的感受与精辟的评价,使齐国<韶>乐不仅成为上古乐舞的典范.齐<韶>以何魅力感动了孔子?究其原因,主要应是其内容所致.关于齐<韶>的内容到底是什么,众说纷纭.以笔者考证,它应是在舜<韶>基础上,遵循着"礼与变俱,乐与时化"的规律,更新变化成的一个具有崭新内容的乐舞.这个内容就是更加贴近了齐国的实际,明显地突出了对齐国强盛和历代齐君功德的歌颂.     

解读《诗经》中的爱情诗

爱情是一支古老的歌,是一支永远也唱不尽的歌. 我国第一部诗歌总集<诗经>珍藏着人类至纯至真的情歌,自然健康,清新纯朴.千百年来,那动人的旋律不断地在人们耳畔萦绕,轻轻地拨动人们善感的心弦,引得无数后人在<关雎>与<蒹葭>中徜徉,陡生对初民时代真挚美丽爱情的向往.让我们怀着对美好情感的向往一同走进<诗经>,去解读那份3000年前的美丽、浪漫与激情.     

《孔子诗论》说《关雎》等七篇义解

从《孔子诗论》看,孔子解诗,注重诗篇主题大意的论说和诗篇思想大义的阐发。前者是对诗义除掉背景材料后的更高度概括,与诗的本旨有时距离不是太远;后者则是着力挖掘诗篇背后隐藏的抽象义理,是一种读诗者的新体悟,与诗的本旨相去渐远。孔子这种解读方式,在《诗经》阐释史上有创新意义,是《诗经》研究走向义理化的开端。《孔子诗论》不仅体现了孔子诗教的本质和特点,更与孔子的思想相一致,是研究早期儒家诗学及孔子思想的珍贵材料。     

原始儒学中礼观念神圣性价值的起源--从郝伯特·芬格莱特《孔子:即凡而圣》说起

多数学者相信,天是儒学的神圣性价值之源.郝伯特·芬格莱特<孔子:即凡而圣>一书提出一个独特观点,<论语>中孔子并不重视天,却特别重视礼,礼具有神圣价值.本文同意芬格莱特的观点,并进一步指出,<论语>中礼观念的神圣性是在一个特定的历史情境中形成的,这个历史情境与春秋中后期贵族社会内部结构的变化和夷狄入侵的压力有关.     

《桃花扇》中的《周易》文化发微

<桃花扇>的构思受到<周易>文化的深刻影响.<周易>的阴阳之道是<桃花扇>人物阴阳对应设置的依据;剧中复社清流和马阮奸党的斗争是一出光明受损的明夷卦;<桃花扇>不奇而奇的主旨深受<周易>名小旨大思慰的启发.     

《周易》思想在《推十书》中的作用

<周易>思想在<推十书>中具有终极灵魂的地位.对刘咸炘先生来说,<周易>思想既是粘合剂,又是方法论,在其考镜源流、横中纵观、执两用中、任天圆道,尽心知性、立命事天的学术理念中始终具有领贯性的特殊作用.刘咸炘先生一方面遵循"易简而天下之理得"的原则,另一方面又坚持"理不与数对,事乃与数对",将<周易>视为历史哲学,既抓住了<周易>的要害,又汲取了大量的学术营养;既没有"尊敬太过",又为<推十书>整合中国学术,重振昔日辉煌,推十合一,求简求合,参悟大道,合归天地之大体的学术理想追求寻找到了理想的思想武器.从<推十书>对<周易>的运用,我们可以发现,刘咸炘先生崇奉老子的"太古道"哲学,是经过了<周易>诠释之后的老子,是从根本上去掉了虚无,而兼论有无的老子,刘咸炘先生笔下的老子已经将儒家的仁义包容在道家的"道"之中了,老子的"静为躁君"与儒家的"执两用中"融通为一,然后儒道兼容而同归于大体.这正是<周易>的理论归宿,同时也是<推十书>重要的关节之处.     

先秦汉代儒家典籍关于孔子《尚书》学论述的分析

有关孔子与《尚书》的关系,传统学者认为关系密切,而现代学者曾受疑古思潮影响,否认传统的看法。当代学者运用双重考据法,认为两者关系密切。在此基础上,就先秦汉代儒家典籍《礼记》《尚书大传》《韩诗外传》《孔子家语》《孔丛子》有关孔子论《书》的一些内容,从三方面(论"高宗梁闇,三年不言"、《高宗肜日》"德之有报之疾"说、孔子阐发《吕刑》篇礼刑观)论述先秦汉代儒家心中的孔子的思想、他们对孔子思想的继承与阐发,由此可见儒家内部思想的发展与差异。这在儒家阐释史上很有意义。     

Omnipotence in the transference and in the countertransference

The concept of omnipotence refers to a primitive fantasy, a mechanism of defense, and a pathological psychic structure. Omnipotence and its derivative defensive operation, omnipotent control, are highly prevalent in borderline personality organization. Three clinical vignettes illustrate these mechanisms in the treatment of patients with borderline, narcissistic, and obsessive personality disorders, respectively. These vignettes illustrate the transference developments when omnipotence and omnipotence control are dominant, and the therapeutic approach to these conditions.     

The patient in the family and the family in the patient

The notion that the family is “the unit of care” for family doctors has been enigmatic and controversial. Yet systems theory and the biopsychosocial model that results when it is imported into medicine make the family system an indispensable and important component of family medicine. The challenge, therefore, is to provide a coherent, plausible account of the role of the family in family practice. Through an extended case presentation and commentary, we elaborate two views of the family in family medicine — treating the patient in the family and treating the family in the patient — and defend both as appropriate foci for care by family doctors. The practical problem that arises when the family is introduced into health care is deciding when to concentrate on the family system. The moral problems that arise concern how extensively doctors may become involved in the personal lives of their patients and families. The patient-centered clinical method provides a strategy for handling both problems. Thus, making the family a focus of care in family medicine can be justified on theoretical, practical, and moral grounds.     

Information in the Universe and in the Organism

There is a branch of modern medicine that relies on information rather than on biochemical substances to maintain health and cure disease. Known as information medicine, it offers an important complement to the dominant biochemical approach of mainstream medicine. This note offers a few reflections on the potentials of information medicine in reference to what is currently known regarding the role of information in the universe, and in the living organism.     

Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or "fractal scaling", during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

Disequilibrium in the mind,disharmony in the body

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or “fractal scaling”, during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.     

明代伏牛山佛教派系考

历史上对伏牛山地区的佛教记载较散,资料较详的是在明代。当时来山修行的僧人很多,但是到现在为止还没有人对伏牛山的佛教进行过研究,笔者根据掌握的禅宗史料提出这时伏牛山佛教已经有了明显的禅宗派系特征,在这里传教修行的僧人,主要是元代禅宗断桥伦一支的浙江天目山高峰原妙及其弟子中峰明本一系,其中受四川禅宗无际明悟禅师一派的影响很大,早期来山的僧人大多数都是无际明悟的弟子与后人,可以说成立了无际伏牛山禅派一系。     

孕育中的旅游伦理学--近年来西方国家旅游伦理研究述评

旅行和旅游是一项历史悠久的人类活动,旅游活动中的伦理问题的存在也和旅游发展的历史一样久远.二战以后,"大众旅游"经过半个多世纪的高速发展,对自然环境和社会文化的负面影响已经凸显出来,因此,旅游研究便开始关注旅游发展伦理问题;与此同时,应用伦理学研究也开始从不同的角度关注旅游发展这一新领域.