“神魔小说”中的仙与道

本文从“神魔小说”人物形象的设计，“神魔小说”的“神仙救世”和“凡人修道”双重主题的产生，以及“神魔小说”天—地—天情节结构方式的由来等三个方面，分析了道教观念及道教仙传故事对明清“神魔小说”类型的影响。     

道教与“神魔小说”的人物形象来源

道教与“神魔小说”的人物形象来源苟波“神魔小说”受道教影响的痕迹不仅在小说的主题和结构上表现出来，同时，也在小说的人物形象中有所反映。正如其名称所言，“神魔小说”的主要形象是一些身份和能力皆有异于常人的“神仙”和“妖魔”。而且几乎每部小说，皆有一个互...     

“道教仙传”和“神魔小说”中的“去欲就善”思想

“道教仙传”和“神魔小说”中的“去欲就善”思想苟波道教认为，凡人要成仙，除了依据一定的方法进行身体锻炼外，还需在精神上合“道”，超越凡境凡念，即在心性和行为中符合道教的伦理要求，这也是道教神仙观念的重要内容。道教伦理从“道”以“静”为本，道“常无欲，...     

“神魔小说”中人物形象的道教内涵

“神魔小说”中人物形象的道教内涵苟波“神魔小说”中处于对立状态的“神仙”和“妖魔”不仅在形象和行为上迥异，而且代表了人性中‘善”与“恶”两极。通过对“神魔小说”人物形象的分析，我们发现，其中的“神仙”人物实际上是人性中诸种善因的象征，而“妖魔”则是影...     

道教想象力对文学的滋润──略论神魔小说和道法的关系

道教想象力对文学的滋润──略论神魔小说和道法的关系刘仲宇道教对中国文学的影响，已经越来越引起人们的注意。明代有一批描写仙、佛与精怪、妖魔斗争的长篇小说，鲁迅先生称为神魔小说。神魔小说中很多构思，是受到道教的启示。其中一个突出的表现，是其中关于斗法的描...     

明清时期宗教小说版画的艺术风格

<正>明清时期,佛教道教皆通过与小说戏曲及其版画图像结合的方式进行传播,当时宗教小说版画呈现出“宗教故事情节”与“宗教之物”双主题描绘的艺术风格,这种风格是明末宗教对社会“博物”风尚的迎合,也是明清时期中国佛教道教更加大众化的表现。     

从明代通俗文学中的吕洞宾形象看道教的入世精神

道教从产生之日起,就面临着“成仙”与“就俗”的冲突。这种冲突既来自于外在儒释二教的压力,同时又与道教的修仙观念直接相关。而这种冲突的结果又逐渐使三教互相融受,也最终影响了道教的成仙、修仙思想。明代小说中有关吕洞宾的诸种故事实质上反映了这种道教成仙观念的转化。一、明代小说中吕洞宾形象分析在明代以小说为主体的通俗文学中,吕洞宾无疑是最活跃的道教仙真形象。此期作品中的吕洞宾,已与传统自闭山林,修道而不理俗务的传统神仙有着很大的区别。他的身上有着强烈的“入世”精神和凡人情趣。另一方面,在他身上又有着宋元道教大…     

论瑶族道教的成仙信仰——从瑶族家先观念的道教化谈起

祖先崇拜本属于原始宗教的范畴,但在瑶族的宗教信仰中,随着数百年来道教与其原始宗教逐渐融合,其祖先崇拜已远非原初意义上的形貌,早已与道教信仰有机地融合在一起,成为瑶族道教的一个重要组成部分。本文以笔者近几年在云南瑶族地区调查的资料为主,从瑶族“家先”观念的发展与道教之间的关系入手,探讨瑶族道教成仙信仰的本质。一、道教与家先观念的发展在瑶族的宗教信仰中,“家先”是一个极为重要的概念。所谓“家先”,是他们对具备了某些条件,死后得以把灵名列在“家先单”上得到后世子孙供奉的家庭或家族祖先的称呼,并非是指本家族已亡故…     

武汉新洲区举办道教教职人员学习培训班

武汉新洲区针对一些宗教人员“政策法规观念淡薄”，“宗教学识与管理宗教场所能力较低”等问题，区道教管理组织于５月１７日至１９日，举办了“道教教职人员学习培训班”。市宗教局、市道协领导，及武汉大学等多位宗教领域专家、学者亲临培训班指导并授课。 １３２名全真、正一道士通过培训学习，大家对当前党的宗教政策与法律法规，道教管理工作与道教文化，特别是对“如何成为新时代与社会主义社会相适应的道教徒”等当前道教工作必研课题，都有了新的认识。表示要树立以道为根本的正气，敢于同歪风邪气作斗争，抵制邪教的侵扰。为弘扬…     

道教的"出世"人生理想与"梦幻"故事

文章主要分析了道教在中国古代"梦幻"故事的起源和发展过程中的重要影响,以及道教的"出世"人生理想和"去欲就仙"的宗教观念对形成这类故事的文学特征方面的重大作用.因此,这类小说成为了我们研究中国古代理想主义传统的重要对象.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.