Integrating the Search for Work and Leisure

Career counselors use leisure interests as a source of ideas for vocational decision making. A leisure search is built on the same self-directed skills that have proven so successful in the job search.     

God's Mission and the Christian Assembly: The Search for an Alternative Practice of Worship

Abstract : The search for something alternative characterizes the practice of worship in many contemporary Christian assemblies. Although “alternative” is often set in opposition to “traditional,” it is better understood in response to “conventional” worship. Five such alternative movements are described here: liturgical movement, contemporary worship movement, liberation perspectives, Pentecostalism, and postmodern approaches. The alternative impulse in all of these perspectives has to do with a fuller realization of the Christian assembly in relation to God's mission.     

The Fourth Revolution: Philosophical Foundations and Technological Implications

This article introduces this special issue of Knowledge, Technology and Policy. It also explains why Luciano Floridi’s Philosophy of Technology is chosen as the topic of the special issue.     

Alternative Mathematics: The Vague Way

Synthese - Is alternative mathematics possible? More specifically,is it possible to imagine that mathematics could havedeveloped in any other than the actual direction? Theanswer defended in this...     

“休闲”概念多元释义的合理性——关于休闲问题的哲学分析

自休闲学产生以来,对于"休闲"这一概念就有了不同层次上的定义,而每一种定义都会产生相应的解释和语境。但是,就我国目前的休闲问题研究来看,对于"休闲"这一概念的使用却显得有些混乱。由于概念在不同层次上使用,人们在讨论关于休闲的问题时,常常无法形成真正的对话平台。因此,有必要对于"休闲"这一概念进一步加以辨析和说明。我们对于休闲的理解大体可分为四个层次:其一,作为属性的休闲,体现为休闲现象;其二,作为生活方式的休闲,主要体现于休闲活动;其三,作为价值观的休闲,主要体现于休闲的价值判定;其四,作为本体论的休闲,体现于休闲的存在论意义以及休闲对于人的超越性。     

野外休闲的美德

A.利奥波德的土地伦理,作为环境美德伦理的一个实例,已经越来越受到关注。古典的对休闲的看法,最初在亚里士多德的《政治学》中表明,为检查野外休闲提供了一个好的出发点。利奥波德认为野外休闲是重要的,而且与他的土地伦理有关系。利奥波德对野外休闲的看法,集中在对生态学教育和对美德习惯的感知作用上。当野外休闲习惯于古典克制力的美德时,就变成了生态学道德心所必需的主要美德。野外休闲正是培养那些有智力的,以及优雅的感知和审慎所必需的科学美德。这种美德在好的公民身份与土地公民身份之间提供了诸种关系。     

Guided Search: The Effects of Learning

The previous report (Efron & Yund, 1996) offered an interpretation of the results of a number of search experiments within the theoretical context of the guided search model of Cave and Wolfe (1990) and Wolfe (1994). The present report extends this interpretation to the effects of extended practice when subjects search for a target defined by its orientation in the presence of a number of heterogeneous distractor items having differing orientations. Three experiments are described: The first revealed that over the course of 21 experimental sessions extending for a period of 6 weeks there were marked decreases in the magnitude of the reaction time gradient (RTG) and the right visual field superiority observed in the previous experiments. This learning persisted for more than 3 years. The second experiment revealed an interference in the capacity to learn to detect a target of one orientation when subjects had previously learned to detect a target of a different orientation at the same locations. The third experiment revealed that the learning was restricted to the area of the visual field where the target had been presented and that subjects could learn to detect two different targets concurrently. The results of these experiments indicate that the learning is orientation-specific and location-specific and is consistent with a localized increase in the selectivity of the top-down selection mechanism of the guided search model.     

Scenario Planning: The Basics

This article covers the basics of scenario planning: Why scenarios? What are scenarios? How do you develop scenarios? After covering the preliminaries—the constitution of the scenario team; interviews; research; the identification of a focal issue; set and setting for a scenario workshop; staffing; the trajectory of a scenario planning project—the article moves on to describe several methods for identifying a finite set of diverse scenario logics. After a set of scenarios has been developed, there are several different routes from scenarios to strategy. Early indicators can help identify which of several scenarios is in fact unfolding.     

Contemporary issues with stuttering: The Fourth Croatia Stuttering Symposium

PurposeDuring the 2019 Fourth Croatia Clinical Symposium, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), scholars, and researchers from 29 countries discussed speech-language pathology and psychological practices for the management of early and persistent stuttering. This paper documents what those at the Symposium considered to be the key contemporary clinical issues for early and persistent stuttering.MethodsThe authors prepared a written record of the discussion of Symposium topics, taking care to ensure that the content of the Symposium was faithfully reproduced in written form.ResultsSeven contemporary issues for our field emerged from the Symposium.ConclusionEffective early intervention is fundamental to proper health care for the disorder. However, as yet, there is no consensus about the timing of early intervention and how it should be managed. Currently, clinical translation is a barrier to evidence-based practice with early stuttering, and proactive strategies were suggested for junior SLPs. Apprehension emerged among some discussants that treatment of early stuttering may cause anxiety. For persistent stuttering, assessment procedures were recommended, as were strategies for dealing with childhood bullying. There was agreement that SLPs are the ideal professionals to provide basic cognitive-behavior therapy for clients with persistent stuttering. Questions were raised about our discipline standards for basic professional preparation programs for stuttering management.     

Alternative Possibilities and Moral Responsibility: The Flicker of Freedom

Some defenders of the principle of alternative possibilities (PAP) have responded to the challenge of Frankfurt-style counterexamples (FSCs) to PAP by arguing that there remains a flicker of freedom -- that is, an alternative possibility for action -- left to the agent in FSCs. I argue that the flicker of freedom strategy is unsuccessful. The strategy requires the supposition that doing an act-on-one's-own is itself an action of sorts. I argue that either this supposition is confused and leads to counter-intuitive results; or, if the supposition is acceptable, then it is possible to use it to construct a FSC in which there is no flicker of freedom at all. Either way, the flicker of freedom strategy is ineffective against FSCs. Since the flicker of freedom strategy is arguably the best defense of PAP, I conclude that FSCs are successful in showing that PAP is false. An agent can act with moral responsibility without having alternative possibilities available to her.     

Responsibility and Alternative Possibilities: The Use and Abuse of Examples

The philosophical debate over the compatibility between causaldeterminism and moral responsibility relies heavily on ourreactions to examples. Although we believe that there is noalternative to this methodology in this area of philosophy, someexamples that feature prominently in the literature are positivelymisleading. In this vein, we criticize the use that incompatibilistsmake of the phenomenon of ``brainwashing,' as well as the Frankfurt-styleexamples favored by compatibilists. We provide an instance of thekind of thought experiment that is needed to genuinely test thehypothesis that moral accountability and causal determinism arecompatible.     

The Job Search Process: An Attitudinal and Behavioral Analysis

Job search attitudes and behaviors among college students were studied. Major job-seeking factors were identified and discussed in relation to job search experience.     

Meditation and Health: The Search for Mechanisms of Action

Psychological interest in the impact of mental states on biological functioning is growing rapidly, driving a need for new methods for inducing mental states that last long enough, and are sufficiently impactful, to have significant effects on physical health. The many traditions of meditative practice are one potential pathway for studying mind‐body interactions. The purpose of this review is to introduce personality and social psychologists to the field of meditation research. Beginning with a brief introduction to meditation and the heterogeneity of meditative practices, we showcase research linking meditative practice to changes in immune and cardiovascular functioning and pain perception. We then discuss theoretical and empirical evidence that meditation works by inducing changes in psychological capacities such as emotion regulation and self‐regulation or through repeated induction of specific mental states such as love or meta‐cognitive awareness. At the frontier of the science of meditation is the need to empirically test whether meditation‐driven changes in cognitive and affective processes are the cause of improvements in physical health. Emerging challenges in meditation research include a need for large studies using randomized controlled and dual‐blind designs with active control groups and an increased focus on measuring mechanisms of action as well as outcomes. Meditation represents a potentially powerful tool for generating new knowledge of mind‐body interactions.