高校大学生考试作弊的社会心理动因及其对策研究

近年来，高校大学生考试作弊的问题越来越严重，高校大学生的诚信危机随之引起了社会的广泛关注。通过对高校大学生考试作弊问题现状的分析，透析出高校大学生考试作弊的社会心理动因，提出预防和杜绝高校大学生考试作弊的有效对策，将有助于促进高校大学生健康心理的形成和发展。     

浅析大学生考试作弊现象产生的原因和心理

本对近五年我院考试作弊情况作了统计,分析作弊现象产生的原因和心理,提出了遏制作弊的几点建议。     

作弊为什么会传染?社会损失和作弊态度的中介作用

为了解释考试作弊的"传染"现象,研究探讨大学考试情境中他人作弊对观察者将来作弊意向的效应,假设他人作弊通过社会损失和作弊态度的链式中介作用对观察者将来作弊意向产生效应。研究采用他人作弊问卷、社会损失问卷、作弊态度问卷、将来作弊意向问卷,对765名在校大学生进行调查。在控制了性别、年级、第一次作弊的时间和经常作弊的开始时间之后,研究发现：（1）他人作弊正向预测观察者将来作弊意向;（2）社会损失在他人作弊和观察者将来作弊意向之间起中介作用;（3）社会损失与作弊态度在他人作弊与观察者将来作弊意向之间起链式中介作用。研究为理解考试作弊的"传染"现象及其内在机制提供了有价值的视角。     

青年大学生英语过级作弊行为原因分析及其对策研究

青年大学生英语过级考试作弊属于青年的异常行为，是个人、学校、社会多方面消极因素作用的结果。从多角度厘清行为原因并找出相应对策既有利于弱化大学生作弊行为的发生，同时也有利于青年大学生的健康成长。     

大学生作弊:是道德自我欺骗吗?

以往关于考试作弊的研究大都着眼于相关因素,还很缺乏对主体意识结构的分析。本研究以自我欺骗为理论框架,以大学生为被试,通过一个行为实验及与实验有关问题的分析,从意识与潜意识两个层面对大学生的作弊行为进行了探究。结果表明研究样本的31.63%的大学生的作弊属于道德自我欺骗,即作弊时意识与潜意识持有一个相互矛盾的错误信念,具体说就是,在意识里并没有意识到作弊是不道德的,但同时在潜意识里却认为它是不道德的。     

对一个考试作弊学生的心理干预

“老师,如果没有您两年来给我的心理治疗,恐怕我今天就不可能坐在大学殿堂里给您写信了……是您的心理辅导,帮我树立了自信心,克服了考试作弊的坏习惯……真诚祝福您,我的恩师。”没有什么能比读这样的信更高兴了。一个考试作弊成“瘾”的所谓差生,经过两年的心理干预,终于克服了作弊行为,考取了大学本科。重阅该生两年     

纠正少年作弊行为的实验研究

一、问题学生在考试时作弊,是当前中小学里较普遍的现象.它不仅妨碍着学生学习质量的提高,而且对他们的品德发展起着消极作用。为探索少年期学生作弊行为的心理机制及纠正作弊行为的教育影响方法,我们进行了本研究。     

大学生对网瘾和作弊的责任推断与应对策略

运用情景模拟和角色扮演的方法,研究大学生对网瘾和作弊的责任归因结构及其应对策略。对416名被试的研究结果显示：（1）责任归因的心理结构是一个“责任推断→责任情感→责任行为”的一元结构模式。（2）我国大学生的责任推断过程与维纳的经典理论基本一致,但在行为应对策略上存在一定的文化差异。（3）大学生对网瘾和作弊的责任推断倾向明显并与情感体验基本保持一致,但与行为应对策略存在一定的冲突。（4）大学生在网瘾和作弊的责任推断、情感体验以及应对策略上存在一定差异。     

他人作弊与自己作弊:社会损失的中介作用和自尊的调节作用

研究将考试作弊看成是一种风险决策的结果,探讨他人作弊对自己作弊行为的影响及其机制。研究采用情景实验和问卷调查考察他人作弊、社会损失、自尊、self-esteem与自己作弊之间的关系,发现:(1)社会损失在他人作弊和自己作弊之间起中介作用;(2)自尊负向调节社会损失与自己作弊的关系;(3)self-esteem对社会损失与自己作弊的关系无显著调节作用。     

非适应性完美主义对大学生考试焦虑的影响：有调节的中介模型

为探究大学生非适应性完美主义与考试焦虑间的内在心理机制，采用中文版Frost多维完美主义量表、考试焦虑量表、自尊问卷和生活定向测验对897名大学生进行调查。结果如下：(1)大学生非适应性完美主义显著正向预测考试焦虑；(2)自尊在大学生非适应性完美主义与考试焦虑间起部分中介作用；(3)乐观在大学生非适应性完美主义与考试焦虑、非适应性完美主义与自尊间起调节作用。大学生乐观水平越高，非适应性完美主义对考试焦虑及自尊的预测作用越小。研究结果对改善大学生考试焦虑具有重要理论价值和实践意义。     

Methods of Cheating and Deterrents to Classroom Cheating: An International Study

This study examines the methods students use to cheat on class examinations and suggests ways of deterring using an international sample from Australia, China, Ireland, and the United States. We also examine the level of cheating and reasons for cheating that prior research has highlighted as a method of demonstrating that our sample is equivalent to those in prior studies. Our results confirm the results of prior research that primarily employs students from the United States. The data indicate that actions such as having multiple versions of the examination and scrambling the questions on these versions would deter cheating. In addition, given the increased level of cheating and students' increased perception of the social acceptability of cheating in college, the data provided by our international sample also suggest that some relatively simple precautions by instructors could dramatically reduce the level of cheating on in-class examinations.     

Cheating on college examinations

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of contexts on cheating attitudes and behavior among Brazilian undergraduates. Participants were 77 Previous Choice Engineering and 70 Late Choice Engineering students. Previous Choice students enter the desired field chosen by examination, whereas Late Choice students' grades during the two first college years give them preference to choose the field. Their self-reported attitudes and behaviors were compared with those of 82 chemistry undergraduates from two universities (UNI-C and USP-C). The Late Choice students reported significant negative opinion about cheating, whereas Previous Choice students, especially women, reported significant favorable opinion. Furthermore, Previous Choice students reported colleagues more frequently gave them answers on examinations than Late Choice students. The two university groups in chemistry had intermediate scores. Deterrents of cheating strongly embedded in the student culture were found among Late Choice engineering undergraduates which may be explained by social learning theory.     

College Cheating Thirty Years Later: The Role of Academic Entitlement

This research reports on a thirty-year follow-up study of academic dishonesty, often referred to as college cheating. The present study examines the role of academic entitlement as a predictor of college cheating. A sense of entitlement is regarded as a primary characteristic of today’s millennial students, those born between 1980 and 2000. However, previous research has never investigated the role of academic entitlement on college cheating. Instead, previous research has mostly favored neutralization as a theoretical explanation for academic dishonesty. The results indicate that, even though reports of college cheating have decreased over time, academic entitlement is a significant predictor of cheating in college.     

Classroom cheating among natural science and engineering majors

The topic of cheating among college students has received considerable attention in the education and psychology literatures. But most of this research has been conducted with relatively small samples and individual projects have generally focused on students from a single campus. These studies have improved our understanding of cheating in college, but it is difficult to generalize their findings and it is also difficult to develop a good understanding of the differences that exist among different academic majors. Understanding such differences may be important in developing improved strategies for combating college cheating. The objective of this paper is to examine the relation between cheating and the choice of academic major with a particular focus on natural science and engineering majors. The data source for this analysis is a study of over 4,000 students from 31 campuses which was conducted in the 1995–1996 academic year.     

Fighting Back Against Achievement Culture: Cheating as an Act of Rebellion in a High-Pressure Secondary School

This article argues that document analysis can add a more nuanced understanding of student ethical reasoning and enhance current approaches to cheating research. To demonstrate the benefits of this approach, I examine the cheating epidemic at Stuyvesant High School through editorials in their school newspaper. Stuyvesant is known for academically talented students focused on elite college admission. My findings suggest that the influence of achievement culture on cheating is more complex than what was captured by the school’s internal cheating survey or in traditional cheating research. Further, contrary to existing expectations, students do not collaborate purely to boost their own academic performance. In a system they define as unfair and rigged, they collaborate even when it puts them at an academic disadvantage. The finding that there is a sense of communal rebellion against their achievement-oriented context demonstrates the efficacy of document analysis as a complementary approach for understanding student cheating.     

The association between religion and self-reported academic honesty among college students

Current research yields inconsistent findings about the association between religious variables and academic cheating among college students. In this study, we investigated possible reasons for this disagreement by examining whether, and to what extent, three particular religious variables: religious identity, affirmation of importance and religious services attendance, are associated with academic honesty among college students. Specifically, we utilised a sample of 2503 American college-aged students from Gallup^® daily tracking survey and used analysis of variance (ANOVA) to address the proposed research question. Research findings indicate that religious service attendance is positively associated with academic honesty among college students. Specifically, students who attend religious services more frequently are less likely to be engaged in academic misconduct than students who attend less frequently. This finding remains consistent when other important factors such as student attitudes toward cheating and gender were included in the analysis.     

Students’ Academic Cheating in Chinese Universities: Prevalence, Influencing Factors, and Proposed Action

Quantitative research about academic cheating among Chinese college students is minimal. This paper discusses a large survey conducted in Chinese colleges and universities which examined the prevalence of different kinds of student cheating and explored factors that influence cheating behavior. A structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Results indicate that organizational deterrence and individual performance have a negative impact on cheating while individual perceived pressure, peers’ cheating, and extracurricular activities have a positive impact. Recommendations are proposed to reduce the level of academic cheating in China. Many of these are universal in nature and applicable outside of China as well.     

What Contributes to College Students’ Cheating? A Study of Individual Factors

To better understand the multiple individual factors that contribute to college cheating, we undertook a multivariate analysis of a national sample of 2,503 college students. Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, socioeconomic status, and year in college), character qualities (e.g., lack of self-control, others-oriented life purpose), college experience (e.g., academic preparation, extracurricular activities involvement, and working), and student perceptions and attitudes (e.g., attitude toward academic cheating, perception of faculty’s actions against cheating and cheating environment) are all significantly associated with academic cheating.     

Academic Ethics: a Pilot Study on the Attitudes of Finnish Students

This research details a pilot study of Finnish college students and their views on the academic ethics (cheating). Finland is an unexamined population on this issue. In the current project, we surveyed students (n = 119) in the spring of 2014. We found unethical behavior is common on projects but less common on exams. We also found students are unwilling to report wrongdoing by other students. We examined differences between students’ attitudes on cheating based on several demographic factors, including gender, age and major. We conclude by discussing the implications for further research in this area.