社会榜样与青少年吸烟行为的关系

本研究对北京市1042名初一至高三学生进行问卷调查,以考察最要好同伴、父母、学校和大众媒体对青少年吸烟行为的影响。研究发现,各种社会因素与青少年吸烟行为有显著的关系;女生更多地受到最要好同伴吸烟行为、母亲吸烟行为和态度以及户外广告的影响;最要好同伴吸烟、学校对吸烟的态度对初中生的影响更大,而高中生更多地受到父亲吸烟行为和户外广告的影响;各种社会因素的影响大小依次为:最要好同伴吸烟、父亲吸烟行为、学校周围广告、母亲和学校对吸烟的态度。     

青少年吸烟行为的预防与干预

以两所普通中学的573名初一、初二、高一和高二的学生为被试,随机将每个年级的两个斑分成干预组和控制组,干预组接受名为“远离香烟”(SAFT)的预防和干预方案,方案包括四个成分：即健康教育、识别并抵制同伴压力、大众媒体影响以及吸烟认知,以达到延缓或减少青少年吸烟行为的目的。方案共包括7次活动,每次45分钟,每周开展一次活动,共持续7周。结果发现：（1）干预组后测中的上个月吸烟行为比前测降低了5．2％,而控制组后测吸烟行为则上升了2．3％。同样的趋势表现在不同性别、不同年级的青少年身上;(2)预防和干预方案对减少干预组偶尔吸烟者的吸烟行为尤其有效;(3)在吸烟认知的转变上,干预组后测比前测更显著或接近显著地反对吸烟会带来友谊和形象等方面的好处,更赞同吸烟的危害性。而控制组则正相反;(4)方案可以有效地提高干预组的抵制技能;(5)在所有的干预成分中,只有后测吸烟与友谊的认识以及吸烟危害认识可以显著地预测干预组青少年的后测吸烟行为,而没有一个变量可预测控制组后测吸烟行为;(6)预防和干预条件通过后测吸烟好处、吸烟危害认识间接地对青少年后测吸烟行为产生影响。     

环境和个体因素与青少年吸烟行为的发生

选择追踪调查中前测从不吸烟的659个初一、初二、高一和高二学生为本研究的有效被试,考察环境和个体因素与青少年吸烟行为发生的关系.结果表明:(1)在半年期间,约9%的青少年开始出现吸烟行为,男生、成绩较差的学生开始吸烟的人数显著地多于女生和成绩较好的学生;(2)同伴吸烟行为和吸烟态度、同伴直接和常规压力、母亲吸烟行为、父母吸烟态度以及青少年自我肯定、反叛性和抵制技能的变化与其吸烟行为的发生显著相关;(3)逻辑回归表明,前测中同伴直接压力、父亲吸烟态度和反叛性可以显著地预测青少年吸烟行为的发生.     

同伴、父母对青少年吸烟认识、吸烟行为的相对影响力

以1042名初一至高三学生为被试,考察了最要好同伴、父母对青少年吸烟认识和吸烟行为的相对影响力,以及同伴和父母对青少年吸烟行为的影响方式和影响途径。结果发现:(1)与父母作用相比,最要好同伴吸烟行为和态度对青少年吸烟认识的作用力要更大。但在不同的群体上,父母的影响力加强了;(2)与青少年吸烟认识相比,父母对青少年吸烟行为的作用力加大了,这种影响力同样表现在不同的群体上;(3)青少年的吸烟认识可以显著地预测其吸烟行为;(4)最要好同伴吸烟行为和态度、父母吸烟行为、青少年对吸烟的认识可以直接影响青少年的吸烟行为,而且最要好同伴吸烟行为和态度又通过青少年的吸烟认识对其吸烟行为产生间接的作用;(5)最要好同伴吸烟行为对青少年吸烟行为的影响力要大于父母的影响力。     

流动儿童心理健康的干预实验:基于心理健康双因素模型和教育干预的整合取向

目的:基于教育干预的整合取向和心理健康双因素模型,检验流动儿童心理健康的可塑性及整合性教育干预模式的有效性。方法:采用实验组-对照组、前测-后测的等组实验设计,对流动儿童的心理健康问题进行为期半年的整合性教育干预实验。首先对208名流动儿童(实验组108名,对照组100名)实施前测,包括中学生心理健康量表、生活满意度量表和积极/消极情感量表;然后,对实验组实施13周的整合性教育干预训练,包括心理健康专题活动课、团体心理辅导、个别咨询辅导、家庭间接辅导和教师专门辅导;最后,对实验组和对照组被试实施后测。结果:(1)经过整合性教育干预训练,实验组流动儿童的心理健康总体水平显著提高;(2)整合性教育干预对心理问题较为严重的流动儿童(即心理疾患组)的干预效果更为明显;(3)整合性教育干预对流动儿童的主观幸福感的促进作用不明显。结论:流动儿童的心理健康具有可塑性,对流动儿童的心理健康问题进行整合性教育干预是可行而有效的。     

青少年个性特征、最要好同伴吸烟行为与青少年吸烟行为的关系

本研究旨在探讨最要好同伴吸烟、青少年个性特征与青少年吸烟行为的关系.对北京市一所普通中学和一所重点中学的1042名初一至高三学生进行问卷调查,让被试自我报告他们和最要好同伴的吸烟行为,以及他们的个性特点.结果表明:(1)吸烟和不吸烟的青少年在遵从动机、自我效能感上存在着显著的差异.与不吸烟青少年相比,吸烟的青少年表现出更高的遵从动机和更低的自我效能感;(2)青少年的遵从动机、自我效能感与最要好同伴吸烟行为间存在显著关系.遵从动机高、自我效能感低的青少年,其最要好同伴吸烟率要显著地高于遵从动机低、自我效能感高的青少年;(3)最要好同伴吸烟行为与青少年吸烟行为间存在极其显著的相关;(4)最要好同伴吸烟行为既对青少年吸烟行为产生直接作用,又通过自我效能感、遵从动机对青少年吸烟行为产生间接影响.但最要好同伴吸烟行为对青少年吸烟行为的直接作用要大于间接作用.     

团体沙盘游戏对初中生人际交往能力培养的实践研究

目的:探讨团体沙盘游戏对初中生人际交往能力培养的效果。方法:研究采用实验组、控制组前后测设计,筛选在人际交往有困难的12名初中生,随机分为实验组和对照组,对实验组进行团体沙盘游戏辅导,对照组不做干预。结果:团体沙盘游戏对初中生人际交往能力提升、表达交谈有着显著效果。结论:团体沙盘游戏可以作为初中生人际交往能力培养的一种有效方法和工具加以使用和推广。     

青少年吸烟行为:现状、影响因素和预防干预

本文总结了我们自1991年以来有关青少年吸烟行为现状、危害、影响因素以及预防干预研究的部分成果.文章揭示,我国青少年吸烟是一个非常严重的现象,青少年自身、同伴、家庭和社会等很多因素都对青少年的吸烟行为产生影响.在研究基础上,自行开发的"远离香烟"青少年吸烟行为预防干预方案具有一定的即时和长期的干预效果.文章最后,还对今后的研究进行了一定的展望.     

高校毕业生择业焦虑的心理教育实验研究

通过组织择业心理辅导小组对毕业生择业焦虑进行干预,考察其心理教育效果.采用实验组、对照组前后测实验设计,以《高校毕业生择业焦虑问卷》和《状态-特质焦虑量表》为测量工具.结果表明,实验组(n=18)与对照组(n=34)的后测结果差异显著,实验组与对照组的前后测结果差量之间有显著差异,对前测结果进行控制的协方差分析也表明实验组与对照组的组间差异显著.说明研究所设计的小组心理辅导与行为治疗相结合的心理教育方案是帮助毕业生克服择业焦虑的有效方法,可用于毕业生择业心理教育.     

社区暴力暴露与初中生外化问题行为的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

本研究采用问卷法对1041名初一中学生进行调查,考察了结交越轨同伴在社区暴力暴露与青少年外化问题行为关系间的中介作用,以及该过程是否受母子关系和/或父子关系的调节。结果发现：（1）在控制了年龄、性别、亲子关系、父母受教育水平、家庭类型、家庭人均月收入后,社区暴力暴露对初中生外化问题行为仍具有显著的正向预测作用;（2）社区暴力暴露不仅可以直接正向预测青少年外化问题行为,还可以通过结交越轨同伴而间接预测初中生外化问题行为;（3）母子关系显著调节社区暴力暴露对结交越轨同伴的影响,而父子关系显著调节结交越轨同伴对初中生外化问题行为的影响。     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.