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智力,可能是科学心理学提供的最普遍的概念,从一个专业术语变为大众话题。在这个过程中,人们提出了不同的理论观点.也进行了大量的实验研究。该章主要对智力研究的发展历史做了一个回顾总结,再对智力研究趋势做一定展望。 相似文献
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本文考察了西方社区心理学的形成背景与发展历程,并展望其在中国的应用前景。西方社区心理学的形成受到美国社区心理卫生运动、民权运动的深刻影响。1965年社区心理学诞生后,经过众多学者的努力,已发展成一门以预防问题行为、促进社会能力为核心内容,以多学科交叉、行动研究为鲜明特色的应用心理学新兴领域。目前中国正在推进和谐社会建设。社区既是社会生活的基础,又是社会结构中承上启下的中枢,因而社区心理学在中国具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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管家行为对于组织的生存与持续发展具有十分重要的价值,已成为组织管理研究学者关注的重要议题。管家行为是个体为了保护集体或组织的长期利益而愿意牺牲其个人短期利益的行为表现。文章在介绍概念及测量的基础上,综述了心理、结构、领导、情境和文化等个体/组织层因素对管家行为的预测与作用机制,以及管家行为对雇员创造力和企业绩效的影响。未来研究可探讨管家行为的消极后果变量,以及管家行为与后果变量之间的中介机制和调节机制。 相似文献
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数学心理观:21世纪心理本质观的新解读 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 我国关于心理本质问题的研究已经沉寂许久了。人们对于心理本质问题似乎已经感到一种无奈的漠然。实际上 ,自2 0世纪 5 0年代以来 ,我国哲学界域下的反映论仅仅在“形而之上”就其“质”的属性做出了定性的概括和描述。面对需要不断发展的中国心理科学 ,面对国际上轰轰烈烈的脑科学、认知科学、生命科学、智能信息科学所取得的长足进步和丰硕成果 ,我们仅仅做出“心理是客观现实的主观的能动反映”这样的简约描述 ,已经不能适应我国蓬勃发展的心理科学的务实需要。我们认为 ,在反映论视界里对心理本质做出“上之上”学的同时 ,还必须拓展… 相似文献
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心理信息学:网络信息时代下的心理学新发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在见证了社会计算与计算社会科学的勃兴之后,心理学和信息科学在网络信息时代相遇,催生出心理信息学这门新兴交叉学科。该学科旨在利用计算机与信息科学技术,通过开展网络调查和实验、开发和利用移动设备、建立数据库和分类体系、使用开源软件和数据挖掘技术等,获取、整理和分析心理学研究资料。其对大规模复杂数据的掌控能力,使心理学家可以从新的高度和视野,针对现实和虚拟网络中的个体与群体心理现象展开研究,重新检视已有理论假设并探索新发现。但是,心理信息学在展现巨大潜力的同时,也在技术和研究设计、伦理和研究规范、研究重心与人才培养等诸多方面面临挑战。 相似文献
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一、心理技术学的溯源“心理技术学”一词最早是在1903年由德国心理学家斯特恩(L·W·Stern)提出,它的英文名称有两种。一种是Psychotechnics,一般译为“心理工艺学”;另一种是Psychotechnology,常常译成“心理技术学”。由于两者都是研究心理学方法和成果在解决实际的(工艺、军事、医疗等)问题中的应用,因此心理工艺学也就称为心理技术学了。 相似文献
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Empowerment theory,research, and application 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This introduction to the special issue briefly reviews the meaning and significance of the empowerment concept and problems
associated with the proliferation of interest in empowerment. We identify some of the topics not included in this issue and
relate those to the many broad and diverse areas of psychological empowerment theory and community-based research and intervention
that are covered. We present synopses of each article along with some of the themes and lessons cutting across the frameworks,
studies, and applications. These include a wide diversity of settings, fairly representative of empowerment interventions,
and, at the same time, improved clarity (if not unanimity) of definitions and measurement, which has been a problem in much
empowerment research and intervention. 相似文献
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The paper reports a study of participatory experiences among members of power-based community organizations. A path model of psychological empowerment was tested. Perceived relational characteristics of the community organization were hypothesized as exogenous to participation, perceived organizational power and psychological empowerment. An alternative model was reproduced with the strongest relationships between perceived organizational intimacy and psychological empowerment and an inverse relationship between perceived organizational regulation and perceptions of organizational power. 相似文献
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生态心理学是西方心理学的一种新取向,它在方法论上倡导将交互作用原则作为主要研究原则,具体来说,就是主张实际生活环境的研究原则、多元方法选择原则、多元交互解释原则,这些原则带来了心理学研究模式的转向:从探讨思辨中或实验室中的心理向探讨真实环境中的心理转变;从人的心理内部机制的探求转向对人和环境互动关系的探求;从对理论模型的追问到对理论背景与实验设计之间匹配的关注;从分析性思维模式为主转向综合性思维模式。 相似文献
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国内外关于心理战研究的现状和问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
心理战作为一种战争和社会的实践活动,有着悠久的历史,但作为一门独立学科,发端于上世纪初。该文概述了心理战作为一个独立研究领域以来国内外关于心理战研究的现状。在此基础上,提出了心理战研究存在的问题和不足,最后对我国心理战研究的发展方向提出了看法。 相似文献
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Empowerment praxis in community coalitions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Brad McMillan Paul Florin John Stevenson Ben Kerman Roger E. Mitchell 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(5):699-727
Community coalitions address a wide variety of community problems, espousing a community development processes that promotes individual and collective self-determination. They offer a promising venue for the study of empowerment of individuals and organizations. This study utilizes data from members of 35 community coalitions organized for the prevention of alcohol and other drug problems to address the following questions: What individual characteristics are related to the psychological empowerment of coalition members? What organizational characteristics are related to the collective empowering of members? What organization characteristics are related to a coalition being organizationally empowered to succeed in achieving its objectives? At the individual level, psychological empowerment was most strongly related to individuals' participation levels, sense of community, and perceptions of a positive organizational climate. At the group level, the strongest predictors of collective empowering (our operationalization of the empowering organization) were net benefits of participation, commitment, and positive organization climate. Psychological empowerment and positive organizational climate were the two predictors of organizational effectiveness (the empowered organization). Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Paradis EK 《American journal of community psychology》2000,28(6):839-858
This paper presents a feminist and community psychology analysis of ethical concerns that can arise throughout the process of doing research with women who are homeless. The unique contexts of the lives of women who are homeless demand that researchers redefine traditional ethical constructs such as consent, privacy, harm, and bias. Research that fails to do this may perpetuate the stereotyping, marginalization, stigmatization, and victimization homeless women face. Feminist and community research ethics must go beyond the avoidance of harm to an active investment in the well-being of marginalized individuals and communities. Using feminist and community psychology ethics, this paper addresses some common problems in research with women who are homeless, and argues for the transformation of research from a tool for the advancement of science into a strategy for the empowerment of homeless women and their communities. 相似文献
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Julian Rappaport 《American journal of community psychology》1995,23(5):795-807
Comments on and summarizes some of the themes of a special issue on empowerment. Extends empowerment theory with the suggestion
that both research and practice would benefit from a narrative approach that links process to practice and attends to the
voices of the people of interest. Narrative theory and method tends to open the field to a more inclusive attitude as to what
counts as data and to cross-disciplinary insights as well as citizen collaboration. Communal narratives are defined at various
levels of analysis, including the community, the organizational, and the cultural. A definition of empowerment that includes
a concern with resources calls attention to the fact that communal narratives and personal stories are resources. Implications
for personal and social change are suggested. 相似文献
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竹溪县降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风项目分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为实施"降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风项目",通过培训乡村产儿科技术服务人员,以改善乡镇卫生院产儿科服务条件,提高育龄妇女住院分娩安全意识,降低孕产妇死亡率和消除新生儿破伤风.开展了人员培训、健康教育、设备配置、贫困救助、监督指导等活动.孕产妇死亡率、新生儿破伤风等重点指标达到终期目标.提出贫困地区妇幼卫生事业建设与发展必需有可行性项目支持. 相似文献