“患者激活”理念与慢性病患者的研究

近年来,全球慢性疾病的患病率逐年上升。慢性病照护模式强调激活患者参与自我疾病和健康管理的意愿、知识、能力和信心,有利于增加患者的健康相关行为,改善健康结局和生活质量,优化卫生资源的有效使用率。通过回顾国外患者激活相关文献,从概念、评估工具、影响因素和如何提高激活水平等方面进行综述,引进患者激活的思维,为提高我国慢性病患者自我健康管理的意识和能力,改善健康结局提供理论依据和实践参考。     

疾病管理国际应用现状的探讨

慢性非传染性疾病已成为我国社区居民的主要健康问题,在慢性病的防治工作中,不可忽视对病人的管理。在阅读分析大量国内外文献的基础上,阐述了疾病管理国际应用现状及所取得的成效,并探讨了疾病管理的模式,以此为我国社区的慢性非传染性疾病管理提供参考和借鉴。     

疾病管理国际应用现状的探讨

慢性非传染性疾病已成为我国社区居民的主要健康问题,在慢性病的防治工作中,不可忽视对病人的管理.在阅读分析大量国内外文献的基础上,阐述了疾病管理国际应用现状及所取得的成效,并探讨了疾病管理的模式,以此为我国社区的慢性非传染性疾病管理提供参考和借鉴.     

创造力测量手段——同感评估技术（CAT）简介

同感评估技术（consensusassessmenttechnique）,又称主观评价法,是Amabile于1982年提出的评价创造力的一种方法。文章简要回顾了同感评估技术出现之前,基于发散思维测验的创造力评价法及其局限性。人们在寻求新的创造力评价方法的过程中,提出了同感评估技术。文章重点介绍了同感评估技术的理论基础,即它的同感定义和概念定义,然后说明了同感评估技术的具体使用方法、发展,以及在各领域的应用情况。最后,通过与创造性思维测验的比较,对同感评估技术作了评价,指出了CAT的优势和存在的问题     

华生关怀理论在慢性病患者护理中的应用探索

随着我国经济的发展,人群中疾病谱和死因谱发生了重大变化。以心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤为代表的慢性病已成为严重威胁人们健康的公共卫生问题。慢性病的主要特点是病程长,迁延不愈,反复发作,它对人的共同影响有：身体功能、心理、社会生活等的影响。护理理论家华生提出关怀护理理论,关怀必须是护理人员结合科学与人文知识在与患者的互动关系中按照关怀的10个要素来完成,目标是帮助患者达到身体、心理及心灵更高程度的协调。本文介绍了关怀理论的主要内容、慢性病的特点,并通过实际病例应用阐述了关怀理论在慢性病患者临床护理中的应用。     

华生关怀理论在慢性病患者护理中的应用探索

随着我国经济的发展,人群中疾病谱和死因谱发生了重大变化。以心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤为代表的慢性病已成为严重威胁人们健康的公共卫生问题。慢性病的主要特点是病程长,迁延不愈,反复发作,它对人的共同影响有：身体功能、心理、社会生活等的影响。护理理论家华生提出关怀护理理论,关怀必须是护理人员结合科学与人文知识在与患者的互动关系中按照关怀的10个要素来完成,目标是帮助患者达到身体、心理及心灵更高程度的协调。本文介绍了关怀理论的主要内容、慢性病的特点,并通过实际病例应用阐述了关怀理论在慢性病患者临床护理中的应用。     

应该发挥医院、医生在慢性病预防中的作用

从必要性分析、可行性分析、预防效果分析及存在的问题等方面探讨在我国必须要发挥医院、医生在慢性病预防中的作用,只有整合医疗资源与疾病预防控制资源,才能更好地预防慢性病。     

应该发挥医院、医生在慢性病预防中的作用

从必要性分析、可行性分析、预防效果分析及存在的问题等方面探讨在我国必须要发挥医院、医生在慢性病预防中的作用,只有整合医疗资源与疾病预防控制资源,才能更好地预防慢性病.     

荣誉与自我认识:亚里士多德论豪迈

在亚里士多德讨论的所有伦理德性中,"豪迈"(megalopsychia)是引发争论最多的一个。本文从《后分析篇》中亚里士多德提出豪迈作为定义统一性问题的例子入手,讨论亚里士多德在两部主要伦理学著作中界定豪迈的尝试。在《欧德谟伦理学》中,亚里士多德提出了以荣誉为核心的豪迈定义,但是这个定义引发了荣誉的地位问题、豪迈的独立性问题、豪迈的依赖性问题,以及如何看待关于小荣誉及其自我认识的问题。而在《尼各马可伦理学》中,亚里士多德转变了论述的重点,提出了以自我认识为核心的豪迈定义,以此来统一豪迈者对荣誉的态度,同时提出了一种涉及较小荣誉的无名德性,这样就成功地解决了《欧德谟伦理学》中遗留下来的困难。这一讨论有助于我们厘清两部伦理学著作的关系,以及围绕豪迈的诸多争论。     

SCI评价指标与地方医学院校的建设发展

SCI是当前高校和科研院所进行科技评价的重要指标之一,分析了其在地方医学院校中的应用、作用及忽视科研成果、学科和人才类型多样性的问题,导致了论文低质化和管理简单化的后果。特别是从地方医学院校建设发展的角度,探讨了SCI作为基础研究评价指标之一的合理性,作为科技成果多元化评价指标之一的可行性,作为人才分类评价指标之一的现实性,及其与学校建设发展关系的辩证性和科学性。为高校特别是地方医学院校科学合理地应用SCI进行科技评价和人才评价提供参考。     

Half the village

In 1947 India became independent and at the same time lost a large part of its territory to the newly created state of Pakistan. This new political arrangement was achieved at a terrible cost in terms of human life and suffering. The years up to and immediately following 1947 provoked a debate about national and human identity. Pakistan was founded on the grounds that Muslims could not be safe or prosperous under majority Hindu rule in newly independent India. The new India insisted that she was a secular democracy in which all religious communities could enjoy equal status. The debate is reflected in a number of Hindi‐language novels which deal with this period. The present article is about one of them, written by a member of India's small Shi'ite Muslim community who was also a Marxist. The debate raises issues about human identity which we can now see as being tragically and importantly relevant for contemporary Europe. These issues are not only political but also religious in that they go to the heart of our understanding of what it means to be human beings. The article points to some of these issues and at the same time argues that the novel as a literary form provides a valuable and significant vehicle for their discussion.     

网络游戏成瘾者注意焦点转换功能的特异性损伤研究

网络游戏成瘾对人类认知功能的损伤日益成为研究焦点之一。采用注意焦点转换任务,分别要求网络游戏成瘾被试与正常被试在工作记忆的语音环内、视空画板内及语音环——视空画板间进行注意焦点转换,然后比较两组被试在各转换任务中转换代价的差异,来探讨网络游戏成瘾者的注意焦点转换功能是否受损以及受损的特征。结果发现网络游戏成瘾组被试在视空画板内进行注意焦点转换时比对照组被试表现出更大的转换代价,而在其他两种转换任务中则没有发现组间差异。此结果表明网络游戏成瘾者的注意转换功能受到特异性损伤。     

Five writing-assistance programs: A review

A variety of written material was evaluated with five writing-assistance software packages. Three of the packages were found to be of limited value; they operated at a superficial level and cost much money. Of the remaining two, one was judged potentially valuable, although it was embedded in a larger system designed to teach writing to college students. The other one was judged a best buy on the basis of helpfulness to writers and minimal cost. Software is still no substitute for a good human editor.     

Assessing the Effect of Vendorship:

This paper details the conceptualization, methodology, and results of a quasi-experimental evaluation on the impact of legislation granting vendorsh~p to social workers in one state. Vendor- eligible social workers were surveyed at five months and seventeen months following the enactment of such legislation. Questions which specifically address the issues of cost and access were investigated. Results reveal that vendorship has a significant impact on both of these variables. Limitations in study methodology are presented, and directions for further research discussed.     

ANONYMITY,STRENGTH OF ATTITUDE,AND THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC OPINION POLLS

Subjects were given questionnaires asking their responses to six statements on public issues. On some of the issues subjects were highly committed to their own views, while other issues were selected for the subjects' lack of knowledge and commitment. Some subjects were asked to respond anonymously, and others were led to believe that their responses would be made public. Each questionnaire contained a bogus distribution of responses from students at the subjects’ university. Each statement of interest was supported by the bogus majority in one questionnaire form and rejected by it in the other form. Several types of conformity were considered. For the low-commitment issues, subjects were influenced in the direction of the bogus consensus. For the high-commitment issues, the bogus consensus had no significant effect. Implications for understanding the effect of polls on public opinion are discussed.     

Valuing Our Communities: Ethical Considerations for Economic Evaluation of Community‐Based Prevention

Restricted public budgets and increasing efforts to link the impact of community interventions to public savings have increased the use of economic evaluation. While this type of evaluation can be important for program planning, it also raises important ethical issues about how we value the time of local stakeholders who support community interventions. In particular, researchers navigate issues of scientific accuracy, institutional inequality, and research utility in their pursuit of even basic cost estimates. We provide an example of how we confronted these issues when estimating the costs of a large‐scale community‐based intervention. Principles for valuing community members’ time and conducting economic evaluations of community programs are discussed.     

网络心理咨询的实施及面临的问题

网络心理咨询作为一种新兴的咨询模式在近些年获得了快速的发展。一方面为心理咨询的发展带来了新的契机,另一方面也还面临着一些急需解决的问题。文中对网络心理咨询的相关定义、特点进行了简要的介绍,并分析了目前所面临的问题。     

医疗机构单病种限价面面观

单病种限价收费是医院经营的一种管理模式,是指在临床诊疗收费中,对单一病种病人限定最高费用的做法,是医院的一种自发行为。这在一定程度上解决了群众看病难、看病贵的问题,缓解了社会医疗费用过度增长的压力,有助于医疗机构收费更趋于合理化。拟从社会的各个层面对医疗机构单病种限价问题进行深入地探讨。     

INSTALLING A REALISTIC JOB PREVIEW: TEN TOUGH CHOICES

Thirty years of research on the realistic job preview (RJP) has established its validity, and recent utility analysis suggests that RJPs can lead to substantial employee-replacement cost savings. Despite the research attention given to RJPs, relatively little has been written on how to implement them. This paper raises ten issues concerning the initiation, development, and implementation of RJPs. These ten issues are framed as "tough choices," since one usually must choose between two desirable courses of action. Recommendations are made for each of the ten choices on the basis of previous RJP research, relevant theory, and the practical experiences of the author.     

Mental Health Issues of Breast Cancer Patients: The Kerala Context

The present study was a qualitative enquiry into the mental health issues of breast cancer patients in Kerala. The sample consisted of thirty mastectomy inpatients in the age range 20–60 years, undergoing chemotherapy/radiation therapy for the past 6 months to 1 year. The interview data were thematically analysed, and the major emergent themes elicited were psychopharmacological and socio-economic in nature. Treatment-related issues included dizziness and fatigue, whereas fear of death, fear of recurrence, discrimination, inability to take care of their children, and the escalating cost of treatment were the main psychological concerns.